Directorate of Maize Research Recommended varieties, package & practices and Roadmap of maize...
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Transcript of Directorate of Maize Research Recommended varieties, package & practices and Roadmap of maize...
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Recommended varieties, package & practices and Roadmap of maize development in NE state
Vinay MahajanPrincipal Scientist
Directorate of Maize ResearchPusa Campus, New Delhi
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Maize Development in NE Region
Climate Change in NE Region and its affect on crop yield
Adaptable maize hybrids Improved Agronomic practices
Roadmap for Maize Development in NE Region Rich in Germplasm and Adaptability of Genotypes New Genetic Material and Seed Production Abiotic-Biotic factors Equipping Farmers with Latest Technology Biotechnology tools
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Climate change in NE region
Reduction in total rainfall by 425 mm Change in shift in peak and spread of Rainfall
Monthly Rainfall distribution over three block years of Jorhat region
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hRainfall pattern in different months of kharif season and different agro-
climatic zones
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hPerformance of checks for days to anthesis, days to silk and yield
in their respective years of testing
Days to anthesis
Days to silk
Yield (kg/ha)Dir
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hPerformance of maize in different zones
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h Climate change research, includes Key climate variables are
– Temperature fluctuations– Erratic monsoon (intensity and
frequency)– Humidity– Soil erosion
Critical assessment of different
crops/zones for vulnerability to
climatic stresses and extreme events,
especially of intra-seasonal
variability of rainfall, temperature, disease severity etc
Source: NESAC (2009), Shillong
Assessment of Climate Change in NE region
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hHybrids (Extra-Early) Suitable for NEH
Hybrid/ Composite
Yield (q/ha)
Recommended area for cultivation
Source for Seed
Remarks
Vivek Maize Hybrid 45(2013)
60 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region & Identified for
I,II,III,IV
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow, semi-flint, flat bold seed, tolerance to TLB & MLB
Vivek Maize Hybrid 39(2012)
58 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow, semi-flint, flat bold, tolerance to TLB
Vivek Maize Hybrid 33 (2008)
57 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow, semi-flint, bold, tolerance to BLSB, BSDM
Vivek Maize Hybrid 25 (2007)
55 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow, semi-flint, bold, tolerance to TLB
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hHybrids/Composite (Extra-Early) Suitable for NEH
Hybrid/ Composite
Yield (q/ha)
Recommended area for cultivation
Source for Seed
Remarks
Vivek Maize Hybrid 21 (2007)
50 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region, Del, Pub, Har,
West UP, AP, TN Mah, Kar
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow, semi-flint, bold, tolerance to TLB
Pusa Extra-Early Hybrid 5 (2004)
50 J&K, UK, NE, HP, Assam, Har, Pub, Ap,
TN, Mah, Kar
IARI, New Delhi
Tolerance to TLB, MLB, ESR
Composite
Vivek Sankul Makka 35(2009)
48 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow dent flat, tolerant to TLB
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Vivek Maize Hybrid 45Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone IZone I (UK, HP, J&K, (UK, HP, J&K,
NEH)NEH)
Grain: Yellow, Semi-Flint, flat bold Grain: Yellow, Semi-Flint, flat bold seedseed
Maturity: 85-90 days Maturity: 85-90 days
Plant height : 200 cmPlant height : 200 cm
Yield: 60 q/haYield: 60 q/ha
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Vivek Maize Hybrid 39
Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone IZone I (UK, HP, J&K, NEH) (UK, HP, J&K, NEH)
Grain: Yellow with cap, Semi-FlintGrain: Yellow with cap, Semi-Flint
Maturity: 85-90 days Maturity: 85-90 days
Plant height : 180cmPlant height : 180cm
Yield: 56-58q/haYield: 56-58q/ha
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Adaptation: Zone I (Hills of UK, HP, J&K and NEH)
Grain: Yellow Dent flat,Grain: Yellow Dent flat,
Tolerant to turcicum leaf blightTolerant to turcicum leaf blight
Plant height : 200-210cm; Maturity: 88-90 days; Ear Plant height : 200-210cm; Maturity: 88-90 days; Ear Shape: Conico-cylindrical; 1000-Gr Wt: 265 gShape: Conico-cylindrical; 1000-Gr Wt: 265 g
Yield: 55-57 q/haYield: 55-57 q/ha
Vivek Maize Hybrid 33
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Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone IZone I (Himalayan hills up to 2200 m (Himalayan hills up to 2200 m amsl)amsl)
Grain: Grain: Yellow bold, semi-dent; Yellow bold, semi-dent; Plant height: Plant height: 200-200-225 cm; 225 cm; Maturity - Maturity - 85-90 days;85-90 days;
HighlyHighly tolerant to leaf blight (Highest: 2.3)tolerant to leaf blight (Highest: 2.3)
Yield: 60-65 q/haYield: 60-65 q/ha
Vivek Maize Hybrid 25Vivek Maize Hybrid 25
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Vivek Maize Hybrid 21Vivek Maize Hybrid 21Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone I, II & IVZone I, II & IV ((Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab Western UP and Haryana, Punjab Western UP and Himalayan hills upto 2200m amslHimalayan hills upto 2200m amsl
Grain: Yellow Semi-dent; Grain: Yellow Semi-dent; Tolerant to Tolerant to turcicum turcicum blightblight
Plant height : 180-210 cm; Maturity: 85-90 Plant height : 180-210 cm; Maturity: 85-90 days; days;
Yield: 55-60 q/haYield: 55-60 q/ha
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Vivek Sankul Makka 35
Adaptation: Zone I (UK, HP, J&K, NEH Region)
Grain: Yellow FlintGrain: Yellow Flint
Maturity: 85-90 days
Plant height : 177cm
Yield: 50-55 q/ha
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QPM Maize Hybrids Suitable NE Region
Hybrid/ Composite
Yield (q/ha)
Recommended area for cultivation
Source for Seed
Remarks
Vivek QPM 9 (2008)
55 Himalayan Region & Peninsular India
VPKAS, Almora
Yellow, semi-flint, perform better at low N
HQPM 5 (2007)
58 All over the country CCS HAU, Karnal
Orange, Flint, Resis. to MLB
HQPM 1 (2007)
62 J&K, UK, HP, NE, Assam
CCS HAU, Karnal
Yellow, Dent, Tol. to Frost/ cold, Resis. to MLB & Rust
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h Vivek QPM 9 First Extra- Early QPM version of Vivek Maize Hybrid 9
Adaptation: Uttarakhand HillsAdaptation: Uttarakhand Hills & Zone I & IV& Zone I & IVGrain: Yellow semi-flint
Yield: 45-50 q/ha (Organic)Yield: 45-50 q/ha (Organic) 58-60 q/ha Zone I58-60 q/ha Zone I 50-55 q/ha Zone IV50-55 q/ha Zone IV
Maturity: 85-90days; Maturity: 85-90days; Plant height : 210-215 cmPlant height : 210-215 cm
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Babycorn Composites/ Hybrids
Hybrid Yield (q/ha)Recommended
area for cultivation
Source for Seed
Remarks
VL Babycorn 1 (2004)
70-80 q/ha (With Husk)12-14 q/ha (Without husk)
All over India VPKAS Almora, Uttarakhand
Seed Yield: 38-40 q/ha, Early, Yellow
HM 4 (2005) Seed Yield: 68 q/ha
Across the country
CCS HAU regional Center, Karnal
Can be used as babycorn, Orange flint medium maturity
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h Adaptation: Throughout the country
Parentage: [(VL 16 X Murulia) x VL 16) X VL 16)Parentage: [(VL 16 X Murulia) x VL 16) X VL 16)]]
Highly prolific (2.5 - 3 ears/plant), Highly prolific (2.5 - 3 ears/plant), conical shaped, straight ovary conical shaped, straight ovary rows, creamy yellow, sweet and rows, creamy yellow, sweet and tolerant to tolerant to turcicum turcicum blight and high blight and high plant densityplant density
Babycorn yield – 12-13 q/ha + Green fodder yield – 300 q/ha
Seed Yield: 40 q/ha
First Babycorn composite Released First Babycorn composite Released for All Indiafor All India
VL Babycorn-1 (Composite)
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Roadmap for
Maize Development in NE Region
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Diverse materials with several adaptive traits
Local landraces have better adaptability Good combiners from local land races Genotypes can be preferably used as female line
Utilisation of Near-Related species that offer natural tolerance to stresses Good Crossing ability among some Genus/ species Protecting and strengthening conservation programs of
genetic diversity and special efforts on Farmer’s Participation for on-site preservation of local land races
Adaptive traits differ according to the climatic conditions; emphasis on early and medium maturing hybrids
Rich in Germplasm and Adaptable Genotypes
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New Genetic Material and Seed Production
Evaluation of AICMIP trials with new genetic materials and identification of promising adapted genotypes for the NE region
Increase in the number of field evaluations: Multi-location evaluations over seasons
Emphasis on hybrid seed production in mission mode approach
Ensuring the timely availability of inputs like seed, fertilizers and other inputs even to the remote farmers
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Climate change and Abiotic-Biotic factors
Understanding climate change in NE region
Crops and varieties are required to withstand unpredictable biotic and abiotic stresses
Manage Limited / Excess water stress (anaerobic) Water lodging (germination/flowering/grain filling) Drought in winter season Monitoring of stresses: Intensity and Duration Germination & Seedling Establishment under prolonged high
moisture condition (Anaerobic)
Low-Nitrogen tolerance and increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency
Disease resistance (BLSB, TLB)
Recovery from the stress under field conditions
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Equipping Farmers with Latest Technology
Sensitizing the state agricultural officers on new and noval technologies in maize
Assist and educate farmers in latest technology under changing climate
Adapting new technology suitable farming systems
Provide farmers with affordable genotypes and techniques
Simultaneous scaling up of outputs through KVKs and the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture for wider adoption by the farmers
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Marker Assisted SelectionVivek QPM 9
New breeding method based on genotypic selection
Genetic architecture of the trait should decide ways of marker intervention (Rex Bernardo, 2008)
In Genotype X environment interaction if genotype explains larger portion of variation then genetic markers can be used to select desirable phenotype; if phenotype is determined largely by environment then changes in agronomy are effective in producing desirable types
Cross
Segregating population
Genotype phenotype
QTL
Gene discovery New variety
Responsive genesCandidate genes
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Saluting the variability of NE Saluting the variability of NE RegionRegion
ThanksThanks