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![Page 1: Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery Dr. Eng.Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUA Head of Unit Management of Energy RTD.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e725503460f94b70f15/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery
Dr. Eng.Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUAHead of Unit
Management of Energy RTD programmes
CPMR WORKING GROUP SEMINARENERGY FOR THE PERIPHERYPAMPLONA 5-6 OCTOBER 2006
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2
R&D – European weaknesses
EU-25
US Japan
R&D intensity (% of GDP) (3) 1.97 2.59 3.12
Share of R&D financed by industry (%) (2) 55.9 63.1 73.9
Researchers per thousand labour force (FTE) (3) 5.5 9.0 9.7
Share of world scientific publications (%) (3) 38.3 31.1 9.6
Scientific publications per million population (3) 639 809 569
Share of world triadic patents (%) (1) 31.5 34.3 26.9
Patents per million population (1) 30.5 53.1 92.6
High-tech exports as a share of total manufacturing exports (%) (3) 19.7 28.5 26.5
Share of world high-tech exports (%) (2) 16.7 20.0 10.6
Note: (1) 2000 data (2) 2002 data (3) 2003 data
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3
What’s new in FP7?
Main new elements compared to FP6:
• Annual budget increased: - for non nuclear energy: total 2264 M€ =
320 M€/year• Simplification of procedures• Logistical and administrative tasks
transferred to external structures
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4
Specific Programmes
Cooperation – Collaborative researchCooperation – Collaborative research
People – Human PotentialPeople – Human Potential
JRC (nuclear)JRC (nuclear)
Ideas – Frontier ResearchIdeas – Frontier Research
Capacities – Research CapacityCapacities – Research Capacity
JRC (non-nuclear)JRC (non-nuclear)
EuratomEuratom
+
FP7 2007 -2013
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5
9 Thematic Priorities1. Health
2. Food, agriculture and biotechnology
3. Information and communication technologies
4. Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies
5. Energy6. Environment (including climate change)
7. Transport (including aeronautics and maritime)
8. Socio-economic sciences and the humanities
9. Security and space+ Euratom: Fusion energy research, nuclear fission and radiation protection
Cooperation – Collaborative researchCooperation – Collaborative research
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6
Collaborative research(Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions)
Collaborative research(Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions)
Joint Technology InitiativesJoint Technology Initiatives
Coordination of non-Community research programmes(ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169)
Coordination of non-Community research programmes(ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169)
International CooperationInternational Cooperation
Cooperation – Collaborative researchCooperation – Collaborative research
• Under each theme there will be sufficient flexibility to addressboth Emerging needs and Unforeseen policy needs
• Dissemination of knowledge and transfer of results will be supported in all thematic areas
• Support will be implemented across all themes through:
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Joint Technology Initiatives
Global Monitoring for Environment
and Security
Global Monitoring for Environment
and Security
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Energy
Future
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Energy
Future
Towards new Nanoelectronics
Approaches
Towards new Nanoelectronics
Approaches
Embedded systemsEmbedded systems
Aeronautics and Air Transport
Aeronautics and Air Transport
Innovative Medicines for the Citizens
of Europe
Innovative Medicines for the Citizens
of Europe
Other possible themes to be identified later…
More on Technology platforms and JTI
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8
5. Energy 5. Energy
OBJECTIVETransforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one
based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges
of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of
Europe’s energy industries.
OBJECTIVETransforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one
based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges
of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of
Europe’s energy industries.
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5. Energy 5. Energy
Hydrogen and fuel cellsHydrogen and fuel cells
Renewable electricity generationRenewable electricity generation
Renewable fuel productionRenewable fuel production
CO2 capture and storage techn. for zero emission generationCO2 capture and storage techn. for zero emission generation
Smart energy networksSmart energy networks
Energy efficiency and savingsEnergy efficiency and savings
Knowledge for energy policy makingKnowledge for energy policy making
Renewables for heating and coolingRenewables for heating and cooling
Clean coal technologiesClean coal technologies
More on Energy
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10
CIP and the renewed Lisbon
• A more attractive place to invest and work• Knowledge and innovation are the beating
heart of European growth• Allowing our businesses to create more and
better jobs
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11
Complementarities between FP7 and CIP
FP7-RTD CIP
• Funding of
projects
• Research, technological
development and demonstration
• Take-up of proven technologies: environmental, ICT and Energy-efficiency
• SMEs participation in Research
• Simplification• Definition of thematic
content• Specific schemes for SMEs
• Actions promoting SMEs participation in FP7
• Access to finance • « Risk Sharing Finance Facility » for large European RTD projects and infrastructures (with EIB)
• Risk capital (start-up and expansion)
• SMEs Guarantee facility• SMEs loan securitisation
• Dissemination of knowledge
• Within projects• In thematic areas
• Networks providing innovation support services
• Regions • Research driven clusters • Innovation clusters
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12
Intelligent Energy Projects in the CIP
• Promotion and Dissemination, incl. awareness raising, education/training, networking, energy agencies, strategic studies for preparation/review of legislation, monitor implementation of regulatory framework
• Market Replication of just-proven technologies of European interest, bridging the gap between the demonstration and the mass deployment of innovative technologies
management assisted by Intelligent Energy Executive Agency
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n° 13General Directorate for Energy and Transport
The relation between community instruments
Research Policy:Research Policy:Development of Development of
new technologiesnew technologies
Research Policy:Research Policy:Development of Development of
new technologiesnew technologies
Energy Policy:Energy Policy:To solve problems To solve problems and needs of societyand needs of society
Energy Policy:Energy Policy:To solve problems To solve problems and needs of societyand needs of society
Research and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentDemonstrationDemonstrationDemonstrationDemonstration
Long termLong termLong termLong termShort termShort termShort termShort term
DG RTDDG TREN
Medium termMedium term
IEEIEE
LEGISLATION
COST OF RESCOST OF RES
ECOBUILDINGSECOBUILDINGSCONCERTOCONCERTO
CIVITASCIVITASALTERNATIVE FUELSALTERNATIVE FUELS POLYGENERATIONPOLYGENERATION
Dissemination
Market
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n° 14Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
INNOVATION IN CIVITAS/ECO-BUILDINGS/CONCERTO
“Innovative integration of known and
advanced and/or improved technologies
in order to help to solve the problems and
needs of society in relation with energy”
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
SOLAR ENERGY
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
FP5 (1998-2002) Results• PHOTOVOLTAICS: 100 projects launched in Europe
– 40 projects in the S/M term• Total cost €150 M• EC contribution €45 M
– 60 projects in the M/L term• Total cost €135 M• EC contribution €65 M
• SOLAR THERMAL POWER– 3 Major multi-MW demonstration S/M projects
• Total cost ~ €300 M• EC contribution of €15 M
– A number of projects in the M/L term domain • EC contribution of €10 M
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
FP6 (2002-2006) Results
• PHOTOVOLTAICS (S/M + M/L)– 28 new projects launched EC contribution €99,5 M
New concepts16%
Education, dissemination, coordination &
support 6%
PV Integration14%
Pre-normative7%
Innovative largescale
plants8%
Thin-film25%
Wafer based Si
24%
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Photovoltaic Technology Platform
• The PV Technology Platform is operational• 4 Working groups and Steering committee in
place• Interested parties in the PV sector to work
together on a longer term basis• Expected Impact of Platform
– Raise overall RTD investment & promoting public/private partnership
– Address obstacles for deployment and accelerate market penetration
– Achieve coherent and consistent policy and regulatory framework in the EU
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Photovoltaic module price decrease: history
1
10
100
0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Cumulated capacity (MWp)
Mo
du
le p
rice
($/
Wp)
20% decrease by doubling cumulative volume until 2003
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Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport
WIND ENERGY
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Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport
Wind Energy in Europe
• Global wind power capacity has grown to over 50,000MW by mid-2005. Europe represents 73% of total installed capacity.
• In 2004, European companies had a market share of 80% of the € 8 billion market for wind turbines.
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Europe as Wind Energy world leader
Europe has :80% global manufacturing share•70% annual and cumulative market•Annual market value of ~ € 7bn•72% capacity in 2 countries•75,000 jobs•Generates 2.8% EU electricity
By 2010 wind is predicted to;
•Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people)•28% of all new installed generation capacity •10.6% of overall generation capacity•Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target•Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment•Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m•:Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, •Avoid €10-25 billion external costs
•Data for 2001-2010
Source: EWEA
WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE)
EU – 40,504 MWACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MWEFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW
Rep. Of Ireland495.5
UK1,353
Netherlands1,219
Spain10,027
Belgium167
France757
Germany18,428
Denmark3,122
Norway267
Sweden500
Finland82
Italy1,717
Switzerland11.6
Austria819
Poland73
Latvia26
Romania1.4
Turkey20
Greece573
Luxembourg35
Portugal1,022
Czech Republic26
Estonia30
Hungary17
Lithuania7
Slovakia5
Croatia6
Bulgaria1
Cyprus0
Ukraine82
Iceland0
Faroe Islands
4
Malta0
Slovenia 0
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European Onshore / OffshoreWind Energy today
• End 2005, offshore wind was 1,68% of total installed wind power capacity, but generated 3,11% of electricity from wind energy
• End 2005, Denmark (398 MW), U.K. (214 MW), Ireland (25 MW), Sweden (23,3 MW) and the Netherlands (18 MW) had operating offshore wind farms.
2004 2005 2010 (forecast)
Installed capacity (MW) %
Installed capacity (MW) %
Installed capacity (MW) %
Onshore 33.781 98,28 39.824 98,32 65.000 86,67
Offshore 590 1,72 680 0,02 10.000 13,33
Total 34.371 100 40.504 100 75.000 100
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• There remain big unexploited wind resources onshore but the offshore potential is greater still
• Latest projections from the European Commission suggest that wind power in Europe could reach a total of 70.000 MW by 2010 incl. 14.000 MW offshore
• Looking further ahead, the European Wind Energy Association has adopted a target for a total of 180.000 MW to be reached in 2020, of which 70.000 MW would be located offshore
•The development of the offshore wind energy production is an opportunity for industry, it increases diversity and security of electricity supply, and it will help reach the Commission targets for renewables and for reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.
Offshore Wind Energy
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FP6 “DOWNVInD” Project : the flagship project for
offshore wind energy development in Europe
• New world records have been broken as the machines are the first wind turbines in international waters, the furthest from shore (25 km), the biggest (5 MW) and in the deepest water (42 m)
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Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport
CHALLENGES IN WIND ENERGY
• Growing markets: Larger machines for optimal exploitation of the wind potential. High penetration levels of wind require short-term production forecasts
• Emerging markets: Off-shore Large machines with highest reliability to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs. Cost effective foundations and grid-connection.
• New Member States: Setting-up of an industry and a support infrastructure, creating confidence, develop framework conditions
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
BIOMASS
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Power
+ 35Mtoe/aby 2010
Heat/Cooling
+27 Mtoe/aby 2010
Trans-port+18
Mtoe/aby 2010
Strategic research agenda FP7
Functioning solid biofuels European market including
international trade
Current use and future potential, land availability,
food & other industrial needs
Socio-economic issues and proper approach to the EU
citizen
BIOMASS ACTION PLANMAIN COMPONENTS
Total: + 80 Mtoe by 2010
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final
• In total more than 30 specific measures proposed to stimulate the Bioenergy market and distributed under five areas ( Details in Annex 1) :
- Biomass Heating
- Biomass for Electricity generation
- Transport Biofuels
- Cross cutting issues
- Research
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final
• Cross cutting issues (some main issues)
- Encourage MSs to develop BAPs
- Prepare Forest Action Plan (E use),
- Develop spot market for pellets/ chips
- Review waste/ by-products legislation for use of clean fuels (SRF, animal by-products)
• Research: FP7( bio-refinery,second generation biofuels, technology platforms, optimisation raw materials/ conversion processes)
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
•Fragmented ownership and bad cooperation (65 % private ownership)
•Limited market for small sized wood
•Competition from existing uses of wood
•Lack of steady policy & stable market conditions
•Conservative forest management
EU Forest - Wood resources Barriers to overcome
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Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Conceptual-Technologicalbreakthrough in BM
•Biological processes: •digestion (aerobic/ anaerobic): mature
• Thermochemical processes -Combustion/ co-combustion: mature
-Gasification : high expectation (synthetic Biofuels), still to solve (ash melting, fouling/Cleaning gases (tars))
-Flash Pyrolysis : bio-oil ( technical as gasif.)Source: EUROSTAT
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Renewable fuel production in FP7POTENTIAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY ???
•Innovative improvements in the production of first-generation of biofuels:–From sugar rich crops and from starch–From oil crops, animal tallow and used cooking oil–From high moisture biomass
•Production of second generation of liquid biofuels for transport:–Ethanol from lignocellulosics–Synthetic biofuels via gasification–Hydrogenation of oils–Pyrolisis followed by hydrogenation
•Biorefineries
•Use in fleets of biofuels
•Socioeconomic research
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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Promotion of associated technological breakthrough in geothermal energy
The following areas are the focus of R&D in the European Union:
hot Dry Rock Heat & Power Production and Demonstration
improving ground heat exchangers / ground source heat pumps techn.
100% remote controlled geothermal systems
power generation from low enthalpy resources
geothermal absorption cooling applications
exploration of geothermal resources (integrated geology, geochemistry, geophysics, drilling, reservoir rock & fluid properties, heat flow & stored heat estimation)
new power cycles and power plants optimisation
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 36
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 37
Types of ocean energy(by stage of development)
Tidal Energy
Thermal Energy
Marine Currents
Wave Energy
Salinity Gradient
Bottom fixedFloating
Open cycle
Closed cycle
ShorelineNear shore
Bottom fixedFloating
Bottom fixedFloating
Land based
Floating
ShorelineNear shore
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• Dynamic, fast developing sector
Actual projected production cost bellow 0.10 €/kWh
Average electricity production cost in EU 0.04€/kWh
Target Cost by 2015-2020 0.05 €/kWh
Ocean Energy Costs
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Wave Energy Economically exploitable potential in Europe
Figures in kW per meter width of incoming wave
Resource for:NE Atlantic 290 GWMediterranean sea 30 GW
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Tidal Energy Economically exploitable potential in Europe
Annual average tidal range in meters
Resource for Europe: 12GW
Mainly:Arround the British Islands & IrelandBetween Channel Islands and FranceIn the straits of MessinaIn various Greek Islands
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
ECOBUILDINGS
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
The associated conceptual and/or technological breakthroughs promoted
The unit of action is the Building:• Innovative planning and architecture
• Low energy construction and retrofitting material
• Symbiotic integration of renewable energy technologies and efficient measures
• Innovative building management combined with monitoring
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Directorate-General for Energy and TransportDirectorate General for Energy and Transport
POLYGENERATION
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Directorate-General for Energy and TransportDirectorate General for Energy and Transport
Main technology areas: Combined Heat & Power + Cooling or Products
Main Applications: Polygeneration with biomass Polygeneration with fuel cells
Main application area: CHCP
Future concept: Bio-refineries
Conceptual and Technological Breakthrough Technical Innovation
Domestic Fuel Cell
Tree harvesting
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supports concrete initiatives of local communities
working towards a completely integrated energy policy, harmonizing a substantial use of RES
with efficient innovative technologies and systems to minimize energy consumption and
to improve the quality of citizens’ lives.
WHAT IS
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Directorate-General for Energy and Transport n° 46Directorate General for Energy and Transport
CONCERTO
PVplant
Windpowerplant
House with Solar thermal and PVStorageStorage
Local CHP plantNeighbourhood
CHP
Individual house
Officebuildings
ESCO
Natural GasNatural Gas
ElectricityElectricity
Smallindustry
SMEs
Big industryBig industry
Green electricity
Green electricity
StorageStorage