DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE Marc FLORETTE Jeudi 29 mai 2008 The advantage of mCHP as a high efficiency...
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Transcript of DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE Marc FLORETTE Jeudi 29 mai 2008 The advantage of mCHP as a high efficiency...
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
Marc FLORETTE
Jeudi 29 mai 2008
The advantage of mCHP as a high efficiency gas solution for the residential market
Gas industry micro CHP workshop 2008
May 29-30th, 2008
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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Natural Gas is “under pressure” :
The requirement for thermal energy in the residential market is decreasing
•French target in new buildings: 50kWh/m²/an (2012); energy positive building (2020)
The image of natural gas is declining
•Fossil energy with associated CO2 emissions vs. renewable energy sources with very low or no emissions
The condensing boiler is saturating the market in some countries (e.g. The Netherlands). New advanced gas equipment is needed
Distribution of electrical heat pumps in dwellings is increasing
The competition between energy forms (Electricity, Renewable,…) and players (incumbents & new entrants) has intensified in Europe
Natural Gas in Europe – a new era
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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Gas utilities need to keep gas in the home!
Gas sales in the residential market will enforce the viability of the gas infrastructure
Need to elevate the interest in natural gas to maintain sales and / or increase the number of customers
Need to position natural gas as a modern product through innovation (e.g. mCHP, Gas Heat Pump, NGVs, coupling with renewable energy sources)
Need to raise customer loyalty by offering new products and services especially during market liberalisation in Europe
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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5 mCHP technologies are under development
mCHP definition:
• Technology which produces both Heat and Power from a unique energy source (natural gas, propane, biomass…) with power range of 1kWe to 50kWe.
5 technologies are competing for viability:
TechnologiesInternal Combustion
EngineStirling Engine
RankineMicro-turbine
Fuel Cell
State of technical development ++++ +++ ++ + +
Market priorityMulti-family houses,
Small&Medium Enterprises
Individual dwellings
Not defined yet
Not defined yet
All markets
Electrical efficiency
25-30% 10-20% 10-20% 10-30% 35-50%
Power 1-5kW 1-10kW 1-5kW 1-50kW 1-50kW
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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2 key types of mCHP are available in Europe5kW Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
• Product: 5kW ICE coupled with a gas boiler
• Market: Multi-family homes, Small & Medium enterprises
• Manufacturers: Senertec, Vaillant…
• Number of units installed in Europe: 20 000
• Price: ~15 000€
• Marketed since the end of the 90’s
1kW Stirling Engine
• Product: 1kW Stirling with a condensing boiler
• Market: individual dwellings
• Manufacturers: Remeha, Baxi, MTS, Whispergen…
• Number of units installed in Europe: 2000
• Price: ~5000 €
• Market launch in 2009 in Europe
Outside Europe…
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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mCHP in France Why does Gas de France focus on 1kW mCHP ?
The French market condition is not so attractive for 5kW- mCHP
• Low profitability High investment costs : boiler+ mCHP French electricity export prices are relatively low
• Low CO2 emissions reduction Base operating mode
But, 1kW Stirling is of great interest :
• Integrated with a gas boiler
• Adequately covers most of a house power demand
• Import/Export prices make auto-consumption profitable
• Minor additional investment compared to larger mCHP system
• Reduces C02 emissions at peak load power generation (base load is by nuclear power plants)
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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Benefits of mCHP
Energy and Environmental performances are attractive
• Savings up to 15% of primary energy
• CO2 reduction up to 25%/ reference gas solution
=> Answers to environmental concerns and thermal regulation enforcement
Money saving
• Reduction of the customer’s energy bill
Market pull approach
• Decentralized energy => controls energy consumption, “the customer becomes a producer”
Benefits for the grid:
• Reduction of grid losses (up to 7%)
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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Reduces high CO2 emissions during
winter due to electrical
heating
• Based on the marginal allocation approach, the CO2 content of electric heating consumption goes up to 600 gCO2/kWh
Study leads by French transport system operator RTE in collaboration with French national energy agency ADEME and published in 2007.
Results confirmed by Gaz de France studies.
1kW mCHP produces electricity at the same time as electricity is consumed for heating (winter season) and then replaces fossil fuel fired power plants (Coal, Oil, Gas)
• 1 ton of CO2 savings/year compared to a customer equipped with a condensing boiler and electricity supplied by the grid. It represents 20-30% CO2 savings. Same CO2 savings compared to an electrical heat pump (COP=2.5)
CO2 benefits of 1kW mCHP in France
Even in France, where nuclear is widely utilized, 1kW mCHP reduces national CO2 emissions.
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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CO2 benefits and energy savingsCO2 emissions benefits
Primary energy savings
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Best condensing boiler available (annual effi ciency 95%/LHV)
1kW mCHP Stirling
Gas heat pump
Direct electrical heating
Electrical Heat pump (annual COP = 2,45)
Best electrical heat pump available (annual COP = 3,5)
Natu
ral g
as
hea
ting
Ele
ctri
cal
hea
ting
gCO2/kWh for heating
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00
Best condensing boiler available (annual effi ciency 95%/LHV)
1kW mCHP Stirling
Gas heat pump
Direct electrical heating
Electrical Heat pump (annual COP = 2,45)
Best electrical heat pump available (annual COP = 3,5)
Na
tura
l ga
sh
ea
tin
gE
lect
rica
l he
ati
ng
kWh-ep/kWh for heating
25% CO2 savings/year compared to a condensing boiler (eff.: 95%) or an electrical heat pump (COP=2.5)
15% primary energy savings/year compared with a condensing boiler (eff.: 95%) or an electrical heat pump (COP=2.5)
29 mai 2008
DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
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Barriers to launching a 1kW mCHP product
Barriers/Uncertainties Today Target Comment
Commercial product price
6000€ - 8000 €4500€ - cost not to exceed 1.2 of a gas
boiler
High influence on profitability
ReliabilityNot determined yet (only a few years in
operation)
20 years - 40 000 hours
Feeback from field trials on a short time
period only
Grid connection delay in France
> 6 months < 1 monthProcedures are
complex and time consuming
Support measures in France
Export electricity price (=import price
without tax)
Tax credits, White Certificates, subsidies…
Gaz de France is highly involved
29 mai 2008
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Thank you for your attention