DIRECT SEEDING Establishing A Forest With Seed BENEFITS OF DIRECT SEEDING VS. TREE SEEDLINGS.
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Transcript of DIRECT SEEDING Establishing A Forest With Seed BENEFITS OF DIRECT SEEDING VS. TREE SEEDLINGS.
![Page 1: DIRECT SEEDING Establishing A Forest With Seed BENEFITS OF DIRECT SEEDING VS. TREE SEEDLINGS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649dab5503460f94a9a4b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DIRECT SEEDING
Establishing A ForestWith Seed
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BENEFITSOF
DIRECT SEEDINGVS.
TREE SEEDLINGS
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WHY DIRECT SEED?
Larger Planting Window, Fall Season Utilize Local or In-State Seed Resource More Trees/Acre-Quicker Canopy-Form Undisturbed Root System/No
Transplant Overwhelm The Critters More Natural Appearance Shorter Maintenance Period Potentially Less Expensive
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WHY PLANT SEEDLINGS?
Seed germination is uncertain, seedlings are a known quantity
There are more potentially damaging agents for seed than seedlings
Seed crops and seed availability are uncertain
Seedlings may have a head start the first year, depending on size and quality
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SEED COLLECTION
Determine your needsScout potential seed treesUse a Bag-a-NutBe efficientFloat, sort/inspect, store
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DetermineYour Needs,
Match Species to
Site• Tree Planting Plan, an
attachment to NRCS Conservation Plan, will prescribe the seed per acre and match species to site.
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Scout Potential Seed Trees
• Be sure of species ID
• Locate on a large scale map
• Red oak group visible in July, white by August
• Obtain permission to collect
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Locate Heavy Seed Producers
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Mechanized Seed Collection
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Using a Bag-a-Nut
• Up to 1 bushel (about 50 pounds) per hour of medium-sized acorns
• Can pay for itself in less than 8 hours
• Works best in mowed grass situation, with some site prep
• Match machine to seed size
• For more info. see www.directseeding.org
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Be efficient, gear up before you start:
• Rakes• Blower/vac • Bag-a-Nut • Containers • soaking pool
• sorting table• onion bags• cold storage
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Be Efficient
• Be prepared: In central Illinois seed begins to drop late-August to mid-September
• White oak group is usually first, then red, pin drops late
• Concentrate on trees with a BIG seed drop
• Collect after windy storms
• Collect BEFORE leaves fall
• After leaves fall use blower/vac to remove leaves
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Soaking Seed Sorting Seed
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Bagging and Storing Seed
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Purchasing Seed
• Local seed is the best seed
• Contact District Forester and/or SWCD
• Check www.directseeding.org
• Follow “Seed Care and Handling”
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Seed Care and Handling
• “Float” collected seed, soak ALL seed
• Immerse 4-8 hours • Inspect at least 10
seeds/bushel• If its your own seed
inspect on the sorting table, before bagging
• Cut or crack test, look for seed that is: filled, light-colored, bug-free
• Bag in porous, woven (“onion”) sacks
• Store in cool, well-ventilated location, protected from predators
• If delayed more than 2 weeks, place in plastic bags and refrigerate @ 33-40 degrees
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Inspect All Tree Seed• Use a hand pruner for
acorns, a hammer for walnuts & hickorys
• Keep seed that is:– Filled– Bright, uniform color– undamaged
• Discard seed that is– Shriveled, shrunken– Dark colored or mottled– Cracked, holed, or
otherwise damaged
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Use High Quality Seed
• Plant only undamaged, mature, viable seed
• Cut or crack test at least 10 random seeds per bushel
• If non-viable seed is found, increase seeding rate by the same percentage
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PLANTING TIME
-ASAP, Fall is best
-white oaks-must fall plant, especially Quercus alba & chinkapin
-if properly stored, plant any time ground is not frozen or dry
-very risky between June and September
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Seeding RatesRow Seeding
* MINIMUM of 3,000 hard mast seed/acre
* At 10’ row spacing, about 16” or less between seeds
* Planting depth about 2X seed diameter, 1-4” depending on species
* If no light seeded spp. nearby, add 1,000 seed/acre
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Seeding RatesBroadcast Seeding
* MINIMUM of 4,800 hard mast seed/acre
* Planting depth about 2X seed diameter, 1-4” depending on species
* If no light seeded spp. nearby, add 1,000 seed/acre
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Site Preparation, Row Planting• Till and/or spray a
minimum 2-foot radius circle or 4-foot wide band with trees or seed centered in the grass free area.
• Grass species, esp. sod-forming, are death to trees.
• Use snap trap survey to estimate potential rodent populations.
Mow or till between rows to minimize rodent habitat
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Site Preparation, Broadcast
• Crop ground– Disk Several Times
• Pasture/Brome– Mow grass in
August.– Spray 2 quarts of
Roundup in September
– Plow and Disk
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Row Seeding Equipment
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Row Seeding Equipment
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Modified Corn Planters
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Broadcast Seeding
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WEED CONTROL FOR DIRECT SEEDING
> Competition must be controlled for minimum of two years
> Good control of grasses and weeds is critical
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WEED CONTROL FOR DIRECT SEEDING
1st Year
Pre-emergents
Pendulum (Prowl) - 2qts/ac.
Goal - 2 to 4 qts/ac. (expensive)
Post-emergents
Fusilade - grasses 6-10”; 1 pint/ac. plus a non-ionic surfactant
OR
Envoy - grasses < 12”; 1 pint/ac.
Transline or Stinger - broadleaves; 1/2 pint/ac.
See: IL Forest Herbicide Manual, IL Direct Seeding Handbook, & www.directseeding.org.
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WEED CONTROL FOR DIRECT SEEDING
2nd Year
Pre-emergents
Pendulum (2 to 3 qts/ac). + Princep (2 to 4 qts/ac.)
Post-emergents (weeds no more than 6-12” tall)
Fusilade - grasses (1 pint/ac.)
Transline or Stinger - broadleaves (1/2 pint/ac.)
Oust - grasses and broadleaves (1/2 to 3/4 oz/ac.)
See: IL Forest Herbicide Manual, IL Direct Seeding Handbook, & www.directseeding.org.
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Plantation Maintenance
• Maintain weed free area for 2-3 years
• Replant if survival drops below 500 after 2 years, counting desirable natural regeneration.
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A little late-season broadleaf competition is OK...
Grass competition is a prescription for failure!
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Give these young trees a good start…weed-free
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IOWA ESTIMATED COSTS OF DIRECT SEEDING
OPERATION COST/ACRESite Preparation
Grass CoverCropland
$100$20
Seed $150 to 200
Seeding Labor $70
Herbicide (1st Year) $50
Herbicide (2nd Year) $50
Total Cost $340 to 470
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ILLINOIS ESTIMATED COSTS OF DIRECT SEEDING
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One and Two Year Old Seedlings
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One Year Old Seedlings
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One Year Old Broadcast Seeding
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5 year old SWO6 year old Black Walnut
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5 year old broadcast 7 year old broadcast
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Keys to Success with Direct Seeding
• Use a professional
• Control weeds
• Match spp. to site
• Inspect all seed, carefully store & handle (cool & moist)
• Survey and manage rodent populations
• Use lots of seed
• Use lots of species
• Plant @ proper depth
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KEEP ON GROWING!