Direct Method Determination of Gas Content of Coal

8/8/2019 Direct Method Determination of Gas Content of Coal

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Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations/l981

Direct Method Determinationof the Gas Content of Coal:Procedures and ResultsB y W . P. Diamond and J. R . Levine

UNITED ST ATES DEPARTM ENT OF THE INTERIOR


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Report o f Inves t igat ions 8515

Direct Method Determinationof the Gas Content of Coal:Procedures and Results

By W. P. Diamond and J. R . Le v in e

U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F T H E IN T ER IO RJames G. Watt, SecretaryBUREAU OF MINES


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Th is publ icat ion has been cata loged as fo l lo ws :

D i a m o n d , W i l l i a m PDirect method determination of the gas conten t of coa l:

P r o ced u r e s an d r e s u l t s .( R e p o r t o f i n v e s t i g a t i o n s - U n i t e d S t a t e s , B u r e a u of M i n e s ; 8 5 1 5 )B i b l i o g r a p h y : p . 1 2 .1. C o a l - A n a l y s i s . 2, C o a l - M e t h a n e c o n t e n t . I. L e v i n e , J e f f r e y R , ,

j o i n t a u t h o r , 11. T i t l e , 111. S e r i e s : U n i t e d S t a t e s , B u r e a u o f M i ne s .R e p o r t of i n v e s t i g a t i o n s ; 8 5 1 5 .

TN23 U43 [TP3 25] 622 s [662.6 '22] 80-607951


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CONTENTSPage

Abstract................................................................ 1Introduction and historical development................................. 1Acknowledgments......................................................... 4Equipment and procedures................................................ 4

Sampling........................................................... 4Test equipment..................................................... 4Calculation of gas content......................................... 6..........................................uxiliary test procedures 10.................................................................ummary 11

References.............................................................. 12Appendix A*- - Results of direct method gas content determinations on

U.S. coal samples..................................................... 13Appendix R.--Diagrams of standard direct method test sample container.........................................................nd ball mill 34Appendix C.--Field data collection form for direct method test.......... 36

ILLUSTRATIONS.................... Gas content of coal versus actual mine emission2. Crushing box used in original procedure for determining residual

gas.............................................................3. Sample containers used for direct method testing of coal samples..4 Equipment for direct method testing of coal samples ..............5. Lost gas graph....................................................6 Ball mill used to crush coal for new residual gas determinationsprocedure.......................................................7. Roller machine for tumbling coal samples in ball mill.............

B-1 . Standard direct method test sample container......................B-2 . Ball mill used to crush coal for new residual gas determination.......................................................rocedure

TABLES1. Data for lost gas graph........................................... 7

A-1 . Results of direct method gas content determinations on U.S. coal.........................................................amples 15


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DIRECT METHOD DETERMINATION OF THE GAS CONTENT OF COAL:PROCEDURES AND RESULTSby

W. P. D i a m o n d 1 a n d J. R. Lev ine2

ABSTRACTThe exp los ion haza rd o f me thane-a i r mix tu res has become an inc re as in g l y

se r i ou s mine p lann in g p rob lem, and an advance a ssessment o f me thane gas po ten-t i a l c a n t h e r e f o r e b e e s s e n t i a l f o r a s a f e an d e co no mi c m in e de ve lo pm en t p r o-gram. A s p a r t of i t s co a l mine he a l th and sa fe ty p rogram, th e Bureau of Minesh a s d e v e l op e d a s i m p l e , i n e x p e n s i v e t e s t t o me asu re t h e m et ha ne c o n t e n t o fc o a l sa m pl es o b t a i n e d f ro m e x p l o r a t i o n c o r e s . T he g a s c o n t e n t o f c o a l p e ru n i t w e i g h t a s d et er mi n ed by t h e d i r e c t method t e s t c a n b e u s e d a s a b a s i s f o ra p r e l i m i n a r y e s t i m a t e of m ine v e n t i l a t i o n r e q u i r e m en t s , a n d t o d e t er m i n e i fd e g a s i f i c a t i o n of t h e c o a l b e d i n a d v an c e of m i n i n g sh ou l d b e c o n s i d er e d .

S ince t he Rureau began measur ing th e gas co n te n t o f co a l samples i n 1972 ,e x p e r i e n c e h as l e d t o e qu ip me nt a nd p r o c e d u r a l c h an g e s, t h e mo st s i g n i f i c a n tof which has been th e development o f a b a l l m i l l f o r c r u s h i n g t h e c o a l s am pl et o r e l e a s e t h e r e s i d u a l g a s a t t h e en d of t h e d e so r p t io n t e s t p e ri od . T h i sr e v i s e d p r oc ed f ir e r e p l a c e s t h e c r u sh i n g box an d g r a p h i c a l m et ho ds d e sc r i b e d i ne a r l i e r B ureau p ~ i b l i c a t i o n s .

The r e s u l t s o f 58 3 d i r e c t m etho d t e s t s a r e su mm ar iz ed i n t a b u l a r f o rm .T h es e r e s u l t s i n c l u d e d a t a on t h e g a s c o n t e n t of 1 25 c o a l b ed s i n 1 5 S t a t e s .

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTT he B ur ea u of Min es o r i g i n a l l y became i n t e r e s t e d i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e

m et ha ne c o n t e n t of v i r g i n c o a l a s a n a i d i n e s t i m a t i n g t h e amount o f m e th an et h a t wo uld be r e l e a se d i n a n a c t i v e min e. The m eth od d ev e lo p e d f o r t h i sp u r p o se ( 3 - 5 )3 was a v a r i a t i o n o n a meth od r e p o r t e d by F re n ch r e s e a r c h e r s i n- -1970 ( 2 ) . T he p r im a r y d i f f e r e n c e s b e t we en t h e p r o c e d u r e s wer e t h a t t h e m et ho d-' ~ u ~ e r v i s o r ~e o l o g i s t .2 ~ e o l o g i s t .B ot h a u t h o r s a r e w i t h t h e P i t t sb u r g h R e sea r c h C e n t e r , R ur ea u of Mi n es ,

P i t t s b u r g h , P a .3 ~ n d e r l i n e d umbers i n p a re n th e s es r e f e r t o i te ms i n t h e l i s t o f r e f e r e n c e s

p r e c e d i n g t h e a p p en d ix e s .


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- Beatrice Mine-/ ~ o w e ineLoveridge I I-

&ederal N0 .2 Mine 1

r - f i V e s + a M i n e

investigated by the Bureauused samples of virgin coalfrom exploration cores, andthe French researchersreported results on drillcuttings taken from holesdrilled into coalbeds fromworking faces underground.

The Bureau's initialresearch results were used toconstruct a graph (fig. 1)that related direct methodtest values to the actualmeasured methane emissions ofnearby mines. The corre-lation was good for large,deep mines, with a sustainedcoal production of at leastseveral thousand tons a daythat had been in operationfor several years. A com-plete discussion of the useof this graph is available(i)

The Bureau's originaltest method included a crush-Mary Lee No.1 Minea ,, , , , , I ng procedure to indirectlyInland Mine measure the volume of gasremaining in the coal sample4 8 12 16 after desorption ceased.GAS CONTENT MEASURED 20 This procedure involvedcrushing the coal sample in aBY DIRECT METHOD, cm3 /~ jaw crusher within a sealed,FIGURE 1. - Gas content of coal versus actual mine emission. clear plastic box* The boxwas purged of air prior to

crushing and filled with nitrogen. The operator worked inside the sealed boxthrough flexible rubber sleeves as shown in figure 2. After the coal wascrushed, gas samples were taken for compositional analysis. The percentmethane in the sample was used in conjunction with the free space volumeinside the box to calculate the volume of gas released by the crushingprocedure.

The crushing box procedure was cumbersome and time consuming; therefore,research efforts were directed toward developing a graphical procedure forestimating the residual gas. Several coal sample physical and chemicalvariables associated with the gas content data base were evaluated forpossible estimating parameters. After evaluating all the available data, itwas determined that a graphical procedure based on the friable or blocky


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FIGURE 2. - Crushing box used in original procedure for determining residual gas.character of the individual coal sample, and the amount of lost and desorbedgas at a specific time cutoff would provide an acceptable estimate ofresidual gas (2).

However, subsequent to the development of the graphical procedure and theacquisition of a substantially larger data base, Bureau researchers determinedthat the graphical method was not sufficiently reliable. The problem with thegraph was that it was based on residual gas data obtained from the crushingbox. It was found that the plastic covering of the box did not always sealproperly, and the rubber sleeves periodically developed leaks. It was notknown exactly when the box hegan leaking, or on which previous samples leakshad developed; therefore, the reliability of the residual gas results was inquestion. Because the graphical procedure was based on the results from thecrushing box, the graph could not be considered valid.

To improve the reliability of the gas content testing procedure, a newcrushing method that would allow the direct measurement of the volume ofresidual gas has been developed. This method uses a sealed ball mill crushingapparatus that will be discussed in detail in the "Equipment and Procedures"section of this report. Comparison of data obtained by this direct methodwith estimates from the graph have further confirmed that the graphical proce-dure is not always reliable.


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Gas content determinations have been completed on 583 individual coalsamples since the first test was completed in 1972. The testing procedure hasevolved to provide more complete and reliable data. A summary of the testresults and an indication of the reliability of those results is presented inAppendix A.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe cooperation of numerous coal and gas companies and State and Federal

agencies, in providing exploratory coal cores for gas content determinations,is greatly appreciated. While under contract to the Bureau of Mines and theDepartment of Energy (DOE), the staffs of the Colorado Geological Survey andthe Utah Geological and Mineral Survey collected a substantial number of coalsamples that provided the first comprehensive data base of gas in westerncoalbeds. Appreciation is also extended to DOE for giving the Bureau accessto gas content data collected by their contractors. Slyvester Sudduth, of thePittsburgh (Pa.) Research Center, Bureau of Mines, is gratefully acknowledgedfor his contribution of sample testing in the laboratory.

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURESSampling

Coal samples for gas content testing are usually obtained by the Rureaufrom exploratory coreholes of private coal companies. Because of qualitytesting needs of coal companies, it is generally possible to obtain onlyenough sample for one gas test on a coalbed. Therefore, it has been Rureaupractice to obtain the cleanest section of coal; that is, coal without obviousextraneous shale, pyrite, or other noncoal inclusions. Multiple testing, oreven testing of the entire coalhed, would be the preferable samplingprocedure.

The person collecting the coal samples in the field must be present atthe site when the coalbed is cored. To calculate a portion of the total gascontent, that person must accurately record the exact times of coalbedencounter, start of core retrieval, and elapse time until the sample is sealedin the sample container.

Test EquipmentFigure 3 shows sample containers of several shapes and sizes that havebeen constructed for various testing purposes. The standard container (can A)

used by the Bureau is made from a 12-inch piece of aluminum pipe, having aninside diameter of 4 inches. A top flange and bottom plate have been weldedto the pipe section, and a removable lid that attaches to the top flange canbe fitted with a gage and various types of valve assemblies. A diagram ofthis canister is presented in appendix B. Valves with a quick-connect capa-bility are preferred if a large number of samples are tested at the same time.


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FIGURE 3. Sample containers used for direct method testing of coal samples. Can A-standardcontainer, cans 6, C, and D-plastic water filter containers,

A less expensive alternative to the metal canisters are the variousplastic water filter housings (cans B, C, and D) available from many plumbingsupply outlets. These containers are sometimes awkward to use because oftheir rounded bottoms (cans C and D), or because of the difficulty of openingand/or sealing the large screw-type caps. Thus, standard metal containers arepreferred because of their flat bottoms and durability, especially in long-term collection programs. In general, any container.that can be easily sealedairtight, can contain about 2,000 grams of sample, and can hold approximately50 pounds of internal pressure would be adequate for the test.It has been suggested that containers of greater length, perhaps evenlong enough to hold an entire cdre of a coalbed should be used for testing.Although it would be preferable to test the entire core, several complicationsmay arise in using large containers. Occasionally, a sample container willleak, invalidating the test. If six individual 1-foot sections of a 6-foot

coalbed are tested separately, a leak in one can is of little consequence.But if the entire 6 feet is placed in one can, and it leaks, few usable dataare obtained. Coal samples that are friable and very gassy will usually giveoff large volumes of gas early in the desorption procedure. If very largeamounts of coal of this type are sealed into a large canister, then bleedingthe large volume of gas into the measuring apparatus, which will be describedlater, can require an excessive amount of time which can invalidate the cal-culation of the lost gas.


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The equipment (f i g . 4 )needed t o measure the a c t ua lvolume of gas des orb ing fromt h e c o a l s ampl e co n s i s t s o fa n i n v e r t e d g r ad u at e d c y l i n -d e r s i t t i n g i n a pan f i l l e dw i t h w a t er a nd a r i n g s t a n dand clamps t o hold the

Sample g r ad u at e d c y l i n d e r i n p la c e .container The desorbed gas th at c ol -l e c t s i n th e c an i s te r i sp e r i o d i c a l ly b l e d i n t o t h egraduated cy l inder andmeasured as t h e volume ofw a t e r d i s p l aced . T h i s p ro -cedure i s performed both a t

Pan of water t h e d r i l l s i t e a nd s ub se -q u e n tl y , i n t h e l a b o r a t or y .F I GURE 4. - Equipment for direct method testing of coalsamples. Ca lc ul at io n of Gas Conten t

The gas content of ap a r t i c u l a r sa mple i s composed of l o s t , desorbed , and res id ua l gas , each ofwhich i s d et er m in ed by s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t t e c h ni q ue s . A co re s ampl e ac t u a l l yb eg i n s t o d es orb g as b e fo re i t i s sea led i n the sample con t a ine r . The amounto f t h i s l o s t g a s depend s on t h e d r i l l i n g medium an d t h e t i me r eq u i r ed t or e t r i e v e , measu re, and d es c r i b e t h e co re and s e a l t h e s ampl e i n t h e can . Thes h o r t e r t h e ti me r e q u i r e d t o c o l l e c t t h e s am ple an d s e a l i t i n t o t h e ca n , t h eg r e a t e r t h e c o nf id en ce i n t h e l o s t ga s c a l c u l a t i o n . I n g e n e r a l , be ca us e ofi t s s p e e d, wi r e l i n e r e t r i e v a l of t h e c o r e i s p r e f e r a b l e t o c on v en t io n alc o ri n g. I f a i r o r m is t i s used i n d r i l l i n g , i t i s assumed th a t the c oa l beg insdesorb in g gas immedia tely upon pen et r a t i on by th e core ba r r e l . With wate r ,d e s o r p t i o n i s assumed t o be gin when th e co re i s halfway ou t of the ho le ; th a ti s , when the gas pressure i s assumed t o exceed th a t o f hyd ros ta t i c head.

The l o s t gas can be ca lcu la t ed by a g r aph ica l method based on the re la -t i o n s h i p t h a t f o r t h e f i r s t f ew h o ur s o f emi s s i o n , t h e volume o f g a s g i v eno f f i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s q u a re r o o t o f t h e d e s o r p t i o n t im e . A p l o t o f t h ecu mu l at i v e emi s s io n a f t e r each r ead i n g ag a i n s t t h e s q u a re ro o t o f t h e t i met h a t t h e s ample h as been d es o rbi n g i d ea l l y w ould p ro du ce a s t r a i g h t l i n e .

A sample of exper imenta l da ta ( t ab le 1 ) and supp lementary in fo rmat ionu se d t o c o n s t r u c t a l o s t g a s g r ap h fo l lo w s:D r i l l i n g medium--water.Time coalbed encountered (A)--12 : 1 a.m.Time co re s t a r t e d ou t of ho le (B)--12:30 a.m.Time c or e rea che d su r f a ce (C)--12:40 a.m.


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Time cor e sea le d i n c a n i s t e r (D)--12:50 a.m.Lost gas time: (D-A) i f a i r o r m i s t i s used

I C -B(D-C) + i f w at er i s used

= 15 minutes.TABLE 1. - Data fo r l o s t gas graph

I

( The re su l t in g graph i s shown i n f i gu re 5 . The int er ce pt on the X a x i s 1

3.875.486.717.758.669 4910:25

i s th e square roo t o f the e lapsed t ime ( lo s t gas t ime) i n minutes from the 1

Time sincep laced i n

can, min0153045607590

ReadingI . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 . . . . . .........4. . . . . . . . ......5..............6. . . . . . . . ......7 . . . . ..........

t i m e gas de sor pti on begins and t he sample i s sea led i n th e co n ta in e r . Thees t ima ted v a lu e of th e l o s t g as i s t h e p o in t a t wh ich th e co ns t ru c ted l in e

Gas released,cm3

0928455364033

T i m , a.m.12 :50

1:051:201:351:502:052:20

i n t e r c e p t s t h e n e ga t iv e Y a x i s .The desorbed gas i s simply th e t o t a l volume of gas dra ine d from th e Sam-

T o t a l g a s ,cm3

092

176231267307340

p l e and measured i n th e graduated cyli nd er . The desorbing of a sample i s 1g en e ra l ly a llowed t o co n tin u e u n t i l a v e ry low emiss io n r a t e i s obta ined ,ge ne ra ll y an average of l e s s tha n 10 cm3 of gas pe r day fo r 1 week. The timereq u i r ed t o r each th i s low r a t e of emiss ion w i l l vary considerably and i saf fe c t ed by many th in gs , inc lud ing th e s i ze o f t he sample , the physica lch ar ac te r i s t ic s o f t he co a l , and the amount o f gas con ta ined i n th e sample.

A t t h e p o in t a t which i t i s determined t o dis con tin ue th e measurement ofdesorbed gas , the c oa l sample w i l l u su a l ly s t i l l co nt ai n gas. To complete th egas det erm ina tio n proce dures , the amount of r e si du al gas must be measured.The procedure recommended by the Bureau i s t o c ru sh t h e c o a l i n a s e a le d b a l lm i l l . The b a l l m i l l co n s t ru cted fo r c rush in g co a l ( f ig . 6 ) was f a b r i ca t edfrom a piece of 1/4- inch-wall , 7- inch-diameter s t e e l pipe. A s t e e l p l a t e waswelded t o th e b ot to m, and a l i d was f i t t e d t o th e to p . A t t h e t o p , a s h o r t1 se ct io n of pipe with 1- inch wa ll th ickn ess was welded ins id e th e 7-inch pipe 1


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FIGURE 5 . - Lo st gas graph. FIGURE 6. - Ball mill used to crush coal fornew residual gas determinationsprocedure.

t o provide su ff ic ie nt su rface a rea f or machining a groove fo r an O-r ing se a land f o r bo l t ho le s t o s e cu re t he l i d . A diagram of the b a l l m i l l i s p r es e nt edi n appendix B.


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A t r i a l - a nd - e r r o r p rocedu re was u sed t o det e rmine t he t ype o f g r i nd ingmed ia t ha t would e f f i c i e n t l y c rush coa l t o a f i n e powder i n a reasonab ly sh o r tt ime per iod . The s tand ard grin din g media used by the Bureau comprises 21- inch-d iameter hexagonal s t e e l rod s , 2 .5 and 3 . 2 inche s long; and 4 2-inc h,24 1 - i nch ,and 100 0 .5 - i nch s t e e l b a l l s . Coal sample we igh t s o f l e s s t ha n1 ,000 grams a re gener a l l y p re fe r ab l e fo r comple te c ru sh ing . The l a r ge r t hevolume of sample, t he g re a t e r t he cush ion ing e f fe c t on t he g r i nd ing med ia andthe g re a t e r t he pos s i b i l i t y o f l a rg e amounts of unc rushed co a l . The UtahGeologica]. and Minera l Survey has re ce nt ly cons t ructe d a b a l l m i l l s i m i l a rt o t h a t u sed by t he B ureau, excep t t h a t i t has t h r e e v e r t i c a l f i n s on t h ei n t e r i o r o f t he m i l l . The f i n s r e p o r t e d l y r e du c e t h e c u s h i on i ng e f f e c t o fth e accumulated powder and reduce th e t ime req uir ed t o crus h th e samplecomplete ly .

The bal l m i l l i s tumbled on a r o l l e r machine ( f ig . 7 ) fo r app rox imate ly1 h ou r t o c r u s h t h e c o a l . The m i l l i s a ll ow ed t o c o o l t o room t e m pe r a tu r e ,and th e volume of gas re le as ed i s the n measured by the wat er displacementmethod. The crushed powder and any uncrushed lumps a r e weighed sep ar at el y.The volume of gas released i s a t t r i b u t ed on ly t o t h e c rushed powder. A s e tof r e s id ua l gas da t a and ca l cu l a t i o n p rocedure fo l l ows :

FIGURE 7. - R o l l e r m a c h i n e f o r t u m b l in g c o a l s a m p l e s in b a l l m i l l .


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Weigh t of crus he d powder--735 grams.Weight of uncr ush ed lumps--45 grams.Volume of g as bl ee d o f f --1,082 cm3. Gas blee d o f f , cm3R e s id u a l g as c a l c u l a t i o n = Weight of sample crus hed t o powder, grams- 1,082 cm3735 gramsT h e o r e t i c a l l y , i t i s p o s s ib l e t o cr u sh a c o a l s ample i n t h e b a l l m i l l a t

a ny p o i n t a f t e r c o l l e c t i o n and t o o b t a i n t h e t o t a l g a s c on t e nt ( e xc lu d in g l o s tga s) of the sample. This procedure i s g e n e r a l l y n o t co n s id e r ed a p p r o p r i a t e i fmaximum information from the sample i s de s i re d . By c rush ing th e sample bef oret h e d e s o r p t i o n p r o ce s s i s comple te , i t i s i mp os si bl e t o o b t a i n t h e r e l a t i v ea moun ts o f de so rbe d a nd r e s i du a l ga s . Th is d i s t in c t io n i s impor tant becauset h e a c t u a l r e s i d u a l g a s , w hi ch w i l l n o t d e s o r b from t h e s am pl e w h i l e s e a l e d i nt h e c a n i s t e r , p ro ba bl y re p r e s e n ts g as t h a t w i l l n o t f lo w t o a d e g a s i f i c a t i o nb o r e h o l e and p o s s i b l y r e p r e s e n t s g as t h a t w i l l no t be e m i t t e d in t o a m inea tmosphere . I t i s t r u e t h a t d u r i n g t h e pr o c es s o f m in in g c o a l , t h e c o a l i sb r o k en up i n t o v a r i o u s l y s i z e d p i e c e s ; h ow ev er, t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e s e p i e c e sw i l l n o t u s u a l l y d u p l i c a t e t h e v e r y f i n e powder t h a t t h e b a l l m i l l producesi n t h e r e s i d u a l g as p r o ce du re .

The t o t a l g a s c o n t e n t o f a p a r t i c u l a r s am pl e i s the volume of l o s t gasa nd de sor be d gas d iv ide d by th e t o t a l s am ple we ight p lus the r e s id ua l ga sc on te n t . The c a lc u l a t io n p r oce dure a nd sam ple da ta se t f o l low:

Lo st gas--240 cm3.Desorb ed gas- -3,2 46 cm3.T o t a l sample weight--780 grams.Re si du al g as--1.5 cm3 /g.T o t a l g as = gas + desorbed gas + r e s i d u a l g a sTota l sample weight

- 240 cm3 + 3,246 em3 + l.5 cm3,g780 grams

Auxi l i a r v Te s t P r oc e dur e sP r oxim a te, u l t im a te , a nd Btu a na lyse s a r e obtained on the crushed powderf ro m t h e r e s i d u a l g as t e s t . T hese t e s t r e s u l t s c a n b e u se d t o f u r t h e r e v al u a t e

t h e g as c o n t en t r e s u l t s on a p r a c t i c a l and t h e o r e t i c a l b a s i s . B eca us e t h e g a s


15/40

con ten t i s presented on a volume-to-weight r a t i o , the presence of noncoalma te r i a l , p r im ar i ly shal e and pyr ite- -which adds weight but no t gas s tor agecap aci ty- -ca n produce seemingly erron eous da ta . Thus two samples from th esame coalbed core may have gas co nte nts varyi ng by s ev era l cubi c cen timet erspe r gram i f one sample conta ins appre ciabl y highe r noncoal ma te ri al . Thec o a l a n a l y s i s w i l l he lp de termine i f noncoal ma te r i a l i s i n f l u e nc i n g t h e t o t agas content .

Theor et ica l s tu di es on the inf l uence of depth of b ur ia l on the gas con-te n t ar e prefera bly done on a c l ean coa l , thus removing the noncoal ma te r i a lva ri ab le from the eval uat ion . However, because coalbeds do co nt ai n noncoalma te r i a l , t he ac tu a l in -p lace methane i n a pa r t i cu la r volume o f c oa l shou ldb e r e l a t e d t o t h e a s -r e ce i ve d c o a l d a t a .

Theor e t i ca l ly , th e gas con ten t of co a l i s inf lu enced by the rank of th eco al , wi th h igher ranks gener a l ly having h igher gas contents . The co alan al ys is can be used t o determine t he a ppare nt rank of t he co al by ASTM Stan-dard D388 (1) f or eva lua t io n of the rank parameter .

Gas samples should be obta ined per iod ica l ly dur ing the deso rp t ion t es t i ngof co al samples. Gas composit ional an al ys is w i l l provide information on thegas qu a l i ty , e spe c ia l ly what , i f any , gases o the r than hydrocarbons a r ep resen t .

SUMMARYThe Bureau has developed and ref ine d a s impl e , inexpensive t es t i ng procedure t o d i re c t ly determine th e gas content of co al samples obtained f romexp lor a t i on coal cores . The procedures fo r determining the l o s t and desorbed

gas i n a coal sample have remained e ss en t i a l ly the same, but th e r es idu al gasdetermination procedure has been revised. The current recommended residualgas procedure involves crushing the coa l sample a t the end of the des orp t io np er io d i n a s e a l ed b a l l m i l l and then measu ring t he l ib e ra ted gas d i r e c t ly bya water displacement method.


16/40

REFERENCES1. American S oc i e ty fo r Tes t i ng and Mate r i a l s . S t andard S pec i f i ca t i on fo r

C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of Coals by Rank. D388 i n 1977 Annual Book of ASTMSta ndar ds: Pa rt 26, Gaseous Fue ls; Coal and Coke; Atmosphere Ana lys is.Ph il ad el ph ia , Pa., 1977, pp. 214-218.

2 . B e r t a r d , C . , B . Bruyet , and J . Gunther. Determ inations of Desorbable GasConcent ra t ions of Coal (Di r ect Method) . In te rn . J . Rock Mechanics andMiner. Sc i . , v . 7 , 1970, pp. 43-65.

3. Diamond, W . P. Ev al ua ti on of Methane Gas Conten t of Coalbeds: Pa rt ofa Complete Coal Expl ora tio n Program f o r Heal th and Saf et y and ResourceEvalua t ion. Proc. 2d In te rn at . Coal Expl ora t ion Symp., Denver, Colo. ,Oct. 1-4, 1978, v. 2 , pp. 211-222.

4. K i s s e l l , F. N . , C . M . McCulloch, and C . H. El de r. The Di re ct Method ofDetermining Methane Content of Coalbeds fo r Ve nt il at io n Design. BuMinesR I 7767, 1973, 17 pp.

5. McCulloch, C . M . , J . R . Levine, F . N . K i s s e l l , a n d M . Deul. Measuringth e Methane Content of Bituminous Coalbeds. BuMines R I 8043, 1975,22 PP


17/40

APPENDIX A . --RESULTS OF DIRECT METHOD GAS CONTENT DETERMINATIONSON U . . COAL SAMPLE S

Table A- 1 i s a compi lat ion of d i re c t method t e s t re su l t s on co a l samplesco l l ec te d between 1972 and mid-1979. The re su l t s a r e l i s t e d a lpha bet ica l ly bcoalbed . To be t t e r ev a lua t e the t o t a l gas con ten t o f each sample , the com-ponent pa r t s o f the to t a l a r e l i s t e d . The major physica l and chemica lv a r i ab le s known t o a f f ec t t h e g as co n ten t of co a l samples a r e p ro vid ed i fa v a i l a b l e . Space l i m i t a t i o n s p re c lu d e t h e l i s t i n g o f a l l d e t a i l e d d at a a s so -c i a t e d w i t h e ac h sa mp le , b ut t h i s i n fo rm a ti o n i s a v a i l a b l e f o r s p e c i f i csamp les f ro m th e ~u reau ' s Pit tsburgh Research Center . The Bureau has a l s op u b li sh ed d e ta i l ed g eo lo g ic s tu d ie s r e l a t e d t o th e o ccu rr ence of methane i nse l ec t ed co a l measu res. A bib l iography of these papers , as we l l as o th erto p i cs re la te d t o th e occur rence and premin ing dra inage of methane, i s a v a i l -a b l e from t h e Bureau of Mines, Methane Co nt ro l Group, P.O. Box 18070,Pi t t sb ur gh , Pa. 15236.

Discussion of Data Presented i n Table A- 1Coalbed: Coalbed names a re gen er al ly those assi gned by th e coo per ati ng

co al companies or by o the r agencie s supplying samples or d at a t o th e Bureau.I f th e name of t he coal bed i s unknown, e i t h e r th e f orma tion name i s l i s t e d o rthe sample i s catal oged by th e S t a t e name followed by (unc) fo r unco rre lat ed.A ( ? ) fol lowing t he coalbed name i nd ic at es th at th e name i s probably cor rec t ,bu t the co a l may be miscor re la ted . The fo l lowing abbrev ia t ions fo r d i f f e r en tbenches of t he same coalbed ar e used i n as so ci at io n with the coalbed name:U = upper , M = middle, and L = lower.

St at e and County: Coal companies ar e gen era l ly rel uc ta nt t o permit pub-l i c a t i o n o f t h e ex a c t l o c a t i o n of t h e i r e x p l o ra t o r y c o r eh o l es . The l o c a t i o n osample co l l e c t i o n s i t e s a r e th e r e fo re id e n t i f i e d o n ly by th e S ta t e and cou nty

Sample depth, feet : The measured depth of t he b o t t m of th e samplep laced i n th e d eso rp t io n co n ta i n e r , r ou nd ed o f f t o th e n ea re s t f o o t .Lost gas, cm3: T ha t p o r t i o n of t h e t o t a l g as c o n t en t l o s t b e f o r e t h e c o

sample was s ea led i n the c an is te r , es t imated by the g raph ica l p rocedured e sc r ib e d i n t h e t e x t . A d as h i n t h e l o s t g a s column i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e l o s tgas could not be cal cu la te d, usu all y because of incomplete sample da ta .

Desorbed ga s, cm3: That por t io n of the t o t a l gas conte nt l i be ra te d fromth e sample wh i le sea led i n th e co l l ec t io n co n ta in e r and measured d i r e c t ly b yth e water d isplacement method d escr ibed i n the t e x t .

Gas c o n ten t , cm3 /g , ex c lu d in g r e s id u a l g as : Determined by adding th e l oand desorbed gas and div idi ng by the t o t a l sample weight; rep res ent s th e gasth a t desorbed from the sample na tu ra l l y . This may be the only va li d gas con-te n t d ata f o r those samples fo r which re si du al gas was determined by th ecrush ing box or g raph i ca l p rocedures. Th is va lue i s p robably le s s than theac tu a l t o t a l g as co n ten t of th o se samp les.


18/40

Res idua l ga s, cm3, and method of ca lc ul at io n: T ha t p o r t i o n of t h e t o t a lgas content of t he sample remain ing i n the co al a t the end of th e desorp t ionperiod, which w i l l no t f r e e l y deso rb from the coa l wh ile sea led i n the con-ta in e r . The re si du al gas has been determined by thre e methods as describedi n th e t e xt : CB = crushing box, G = graphical , and BM = b a l l m i l l . Thecrushing box method was determined t o be unr e l i ab l e ; the ref ore , the gr aphi calprocedure based on the crus hing box da ta must be considere d unre lia ble . There s i du a l gas da ta ob tained from the b a l l m i l l i s considered val id . A dash i nt h i s column ind ica tes th a t t h i s va lue was not determined , usu al ly because thedonors d id no t want th e samples t o be crushed.

Total gas content , cm3/g: Determined by adding t h e column lab el ed Gascon ten t , excluding res idu al gas , and the Residual gas co lumn. The to t a l gasc o n t e n t ( s u b j e c t t o t h e v a l i d i t y o f t h e r e s i d u a l g a s ) r e p r e s e nt s t h e g a s con-t e n t of the co al sample on an as- received b as is .

Apparent rank: Determined from co al ana ly si s da ta by th e method de scr ibe di n ASTM S ta nd ar ds D388 (1). The abbrev iati ons (samples from a l l coa l groupsmay not appear i n tab le A-1) correspond t o th e fo l lowing s tandard c oal groups:M-Ant--Me t a -a n th ra c it e .

Ant --An thra cite .Semi Ant - Semianthracite.

LV--Law-volatile bituminous.MV--Medium-volatile bituminous .HV-A--High-volatile A bituminous.HV-B- -High-vola t i e B bituminous.HV-C--High-volatile C bituminous.Sub-A--Subbituminous A.

Sub-B--Subbituminous B .Sub-C--Subbituminous C.Lig-A--Lignite A .Lig-B--Lignite B.

A dash i n the apparent rank column ind ica tes th a t a rank determinat ion couldnot be made because of th e lack of c oal an aly si s dat a .

Percent ash , as- received: Data a r e p resen ted t o permit an eva lua t ion o fthe poss ib le e f f e c t of the amount of ash on the t o t a l gas content of t he-sample . Because th e minera l mat ter represented by the ash i n th e coal analys isadds wei ght, b ut g ene ral ly no gas, an abnormally l ow gas co nt en t may bemeasured i f a h igh minera l mat ter content i s presen t . A dash i n t h i s columnin di ca te s th a t a coal an aly sis was not ob ta ined on the sample.

Code: Assigned t o each coal sample processed f o r gas c onte nt determina--i o n by th e Bureau . A l l inq uir ies concern ing sp ec i f ic samples should re fe rt o t he se code numbers.


19/40

TAA1-RusodemhgcedemnooUScsme

Gcecm eun

red g 63 36 49 80 . .9 .7 .2 .8 . 13 . 12 10 . 11 42 .1 -3 . . . . . . . -1 . .

Cb

Aam(urc

Am Ac

A

oBdK

Rad

Bad

Sae

Aa WV NM Aa M Ua Ua Ua

Cy

Jeo

Mn Pc R Ged

Ga Ga

Rd g

cm

a

mho

ccao

00BM

11BM

.5RM

.4BM

.O

G.6G.5G.1G.5G.1G

17RM

.3G

24BM

.2G

24BM

23BM

.2BM

.0R

.1G

.ORM

.0B.2RM

.BM .ORM

.2BM

.ORM

.OBM

.OBM

.ORM

Smedhfe 8 11 12 15 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 14

6 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43

A re ra HAHA

MVM -

- - - - - HA- H

AHAHAHA

HB

SC - HR HB HR HR HC HB HC HR HR HR

Ta g c

ecmIg 63 47 54 84 . 15 12 . 13 -3 30 .8 36 12 29 34 44 .1 . . . . . . . 0 . . .

L g cm1 6 1 15

2 5 4 2 82 5 30 3 3 56 3 3 3 2 8 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pcaharev

16362639 89 - - - - - 57 - 37 33 55 31 11 43 - 32 70 23 36 11 17 12 61 17 91

Dob g cm 23 10 16 1

9 90 5 4 90 4 70 7 37 61 96 2 45 1837 2 2 0 1 0 0

0 0 57 0 5

C 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 6 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

I w


20/40

TAA1-Rusodemhgcedeminoo1ScsmeCn

-

C 7 8 8 1 3 3 37 3 4 4 3 4 4 44 41 4 7 8 8 2 2 8 9 97 2

Cb

Bad?).

RadU).

RadL.

RC

Re

Bwh

Rg&LeDy

BaCe

RuCe

RaHN5~)

Bo

e

Row

Sae

Ia Ua Ia Ua WV Ia Wah

Aa Aa Ill.

P Aa

Cy

Ga.

Ga.Ga.

Emv

Reg

Emy

Pec

Jeo

Jeo

Ca.

Ae

Pc

A re ra HV-A

HV-R

HR - - - - - - - - - - - - -

HV-A

- -

HV-A

HV-A

HV-3 - -

HA

Pcaharev 87 27 1

5-

-

- - - - - - - - - - - 1

95636 27 2

115

- - 1

4

Smedhfe 8 5 5 9 5 5 65 6 7 8 8 8 8 9 11 12 10 4 4 5 2 10 10 10 6

Rd g

cmga

mho

ccao

05RM

.3RM

.2W

.0G

.IC.3G

.8RM

18RM

.6CR

.8CR

.6C

.8C

.9CR

.9CR

-1G

.OG

.OR

.ORM

.OR

.7B

.8RT

.5B

- - 26RM

Ta g c

ecmg05 .8 15 .O

.4 48 55 151713 93 1

01411 99 1

8 -1 25 15 37 40 10 27 25 50

L g cm0 79 - 3 3 2 4 8 8 16 17 28 18 6 14 19

313 8 3 1

1 2 2 1

ob g cm0 2 11

3 3 33 78 191617 96 1

112191910 9 57 52 42 36 7 52 59 12

cecmg

eun

red g 00 -5 13 .0 -3 45 47 97 1

115 87 1

21512 98 1

8 .1 25 15 30 32 -5 27 25 24


21/40

C

.

C

oC

Cba

Cee

CeeA.

W W Ia Ua Ua

Cm

Cm

Ga Cb

Cb

.0RM

.0R

.0R

.0R

.OSM

0R

.OR

.R

0S

.0RM

.0RM

.ORM

0R

0R

.3RM

10CR

0G

.0RM

.3RM

15R

12s

0B

.3RM

11B

13B

39R

-3R

.4RM

.1C

23RM

23G

0RM

.9RM

.2R

12RM

12RM

.9R

;uC ;uC ;uC ;uC ;uC GC ;uC ;uC qC ?C HV-R

HV-R

HV-R HR HV-R - - HV-A

HV-R

HV-A

HV-A

HA HV-A

HV-R

HV-A

HV-A

HA HVA - HV-A- HV

-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A


22/40

TAA1-RusodemhgcedeminooUScsmeCn

Cb

CeeR

CeeRRd

CeeC

CeeC

CeeC

CeeC

CeeC

CeeD

CeeD

CeeD

Sae

Ua Ua U

aUaUa U

a Ua U

aUa U

a

Cy

Cb

Cb

CbEmyCb

EmyCb

CbEmy

Cb

Dob g cm

2 8 44 6 5 7 0 3 521 7 4 6 2 3 69 2

3 4 0 579 83

Tag cecmg15 11 12 17 1. 30 14 11 72 . 13 13 14 . . 16 . .

7 .8 15 62 29 10

Smedhfe 3 3 4 5 5 7 7 9 12 1 3 5 5 8 12 32

1 1 1 11 11 13 14

Gcecmg

eun

red g 04 . . .6 .6 12 . . 64 . 13 .6 . . . 12 . . .

8 . 54 . 10

A re ra HRHAHRHBHAHAHRHR

HA

HR-

HRHB HR-

HA

HA - - H

AHAHA -

L g cm0 0 0 7 3 1 0 7 1 0 24 64 1 - 1 4

0 51 3 0 9 4 1

Rd g

cmga

mho

ccao

11BM

.8RM

12RM

11BM

.4RM

18BM

14RM

.6RM

.8RM

.5BM

.OG

.7B.7RM

.5RM

.0G

.4BM

.5BM

.OC

.OG

15RM

.8BM

28R

.OG

Pcaharev 48 89 69 60 38 43 71 60 39 47 - 35 52 45 - 59 68 - - 65 44 84 -

C 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 7 3 9 3 3 3 98 7 3 1 1 5 6 5 1


23/40

Cedarrove(

.

C Christensen(?)

C C C C Colorado

W Utah

Utah

Utah

W P W A C

G G G B A ? P Rio

.

G

1

G

02G

0

G

0

G

.R0

G

1

R0

G

1

BM

1

RM

0

G

.

C

2

BM

0

G

2

BM

.RM

.RM

.RM

.R.B.RM

.CR

.C-

.

G

.BM

.B.R

--

-

-

-

HV-A - F -

HV-AHV-A-

-

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-B

H HV-C

HV-C

HV-C

HV-C

HV-A

HVA- -

-

HV-c

HV-C


24/40

TAA1-RusodemhEcedeminooUScsm~eCn

Cb

Coau.

Coau.

Coau

Coau.

Coau

.

Coau.

Coau.

Coa(urc)

Coau.

Coau.

Coa(urc)

Coa(urc)

Coau.

Coau.

Coa(urc)

Coau

Coau.

Coau

Coau.

Sae C

oCoCoCoCoCoCoCo

Co

CoCo

CoCoCoCoCoCo

Co

Co

Smedhfe 1 1 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 16 17

Cy

LAm

Me MoaHu

LAm

MoaLAm

Foa

LAm

HaLAm

1e LAm

HaLAm

Ha

LAm

Ha

LAm

L g cm1 8 1 8 11

0 2 3 5 0 335 4 3 1 6 1 7 3 1 7 0 1 3 1 3 90 1 4 8 9

0 5 34 83

ob g cm 1 10 33 20 270 5 1 8 0

11 3 5 30

7 5 7 5 1 2 2 2 75 3 45 5 3 3 47 944 1

1210

Ta

g ce

cmg07 36 27 28 50 .O

-1 16 16 .O79 .5 -1 16 -2 -

1 .8 12 15 11 10 .5 12 .9 27 .17 16 23 60 .5 20 1

013

Gce

cng

eun

red g 04 34 25 28 50 .o -

1 15 .2 .O76 . -1 15 -2 -1 .8 .6 15 . -3 . .8 .9 . -1 -5 .5 23 60 .5 12 10 13

A re ra M MV LV MV M H

CHCMAHAHC

MV HCHC-

HAHA-

-

HAHAHAHCHAHAHAHAHAHA-

-

HAHA MV MV

Rd R

cm3ga

mho

ccao

03RM

.2BM

.2BM

.OBM

.OBM

.ORM

.OBM

.1BM

14RM

.OBM

.3BM

.OBM

.OB.1BM

.OBM .B .OB .6B .OBM .6BM .7BM .4RM -4B .OBM 19RM

.OBM

12RM11BM .WI .OBM .OBM .8BM .OBM .OBM

Pcaharev

3026

323210 63 80 1

013 59 2

9 40 52 72

271679

56 78 1

3281919 82 1

31913236354 90 1

01717

C 5 5 6 5 6 3 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6


25/40

CoWa

D

eN7.

Dez

.

EknN3

Fo

.

FoU

FoL).

FshCe

FaC

.

Fe

.

Fe

1

Fe

U.

Fe

U.

.Ill.

?o.

K Ua Ua Ua 1

aUa Ua P P ,P P I

Cm

Ca.

R Py

G

ed

Emy.

Se

Se.

Cb

Emy.

Ae

.Ae

.Wemea

Ge

SC

HV-R

HV-R

SC

-

-

HV-R H

AHR-

-

-

-

-

-

-

HV-A

HV-A

HA

HV-A

HA

HV-A-

- -

-

-

-

-


26/40

TABLE

-Resultsodirectethodeascontentdeterminationson

coalam~les--Continued

Coalbed

F

.

Fruitland(IJ).

.

Fruitland(

G G G Harrisburg(

5

Harrisburg(

5

Harrisburg(

5

Harrisburg(

5 .

Hartshorne(.

Hartshorne(

State

N N N A Utah

Utah

1 I 1 I O O

County

San

.San

.

San

P C

.

E J

.W

.

Wayne .

C

.Le

.

Lelore

Sample

depth,

feet

399399

1,475

1,485280295318465642

587589736

1,663

476483

2,340

793909

1,013

1,069

1,090

823175252318356488

489516553

Lost

g cm 9

2 20368208 0

130 95406247 0 58

160 0 0

68

360260122185200

1,554185500806

1,050

6,500

1,850

2,700

1,150

esorbed

g cm 64

0163

2,320

1,849 32275237

1,525

2,068

1,755 0

1,609

1,955 0 0

653

94

3,470

3,387

2,14097

15,903

8,625

15,960

8,212

23,310

54,300

16,670

36,665

8,117

Gasontent,

cm3Ig

excluding

residual

gas1 -3

3 2 . -5-3

3 2 2 -0

1 4 . -0-8

-8

2 2 1 -9

1 2 4 8 1 1 1 1 1

Residual

gas,

cm31g,nd

methodo

calculation

0

B-0M

-9M

1

R.RM

-0.B.BM

-0

.

R-3M .B 4R 1R -5 -0G

-2B

-5M

-9G

-7G

-3

-6G

-2G

.

G

-7M

-7G

-7G

-7G

-7G

.

G

Total

gas

content,

cm31g

1 . 4 3 -1 -5-3

3 2 2 -3

2 9 1 -5. 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 5 8 1 1 1 1 1

Appar-

rent

rank

H HV-B

HV-A-

HV-C

HV-C

HV-C

HV-C

HV-C

HV-B

HV-R

HV-C

HV-A

HV-B

HV-A-

-

H -

-

HV-R

-

-

- LV

-

-

-

-

-

Percent

ash,s-

received

7 6 1 -

2 2 2 1 2 8 1 13.

1 4 3 -

-

1 -

-

1 -

-

- 6 - - - - -

Code

694

695206207676674

675498

496499354497

235

758

750115

1528641 150850

217 272620292 252233


27/40

P2 m P2I I 1 7 7 7 71 1 1 1 1 1 I > I I > > > I 1 1 1 I I I l l 1 2 % % ? l l > > >x x x x x x x x x

0 0 0 a 0 0 000000 O d o o m m 0 cows 0 m o 0 c h l o m oo o m * m o w m w a w a w m w w m 4d d

m h l m hlm W * W mu2o o w m a m d e w w d d 4 wcn Q\ m m

* * *0 0 0 0Z Z Z zw w w w cdc d c d * P ac c * - b cc d c d * a 0 a l - l l - ld * d a Q ) M P W .d d' ~ ' ~ d d % I C EG G 3 3 2 5 m a p )x x x x x H H H H 5 5 5 9 9


28/40

TABLE

-Resultsodirectethodgascontentdeterminationsn

coalamples--Continued

Total

gcontent,

cm3/g

2 46 5 7 3 6 2

5 6 5 2 3 . 3 1 2 3 3 5 2 2 2 . . . . . 1 . . -3 . .

Lost

gas,

c198216520114396534300168 585046118260 30160 4 15

5155110500135132 9548104 676 5 77

5 45798913

Coalbed

Kittanning(U)

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

.

Kittanning(TI

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

.

Appar-

rent

rank

HV-A

HV-A

HVHV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A-

-

-

-

-

H HV-A

H -

-

-

-

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A-

Residual

Ras,

c methodo

calculation

1

R

2

B

2

B

2

B

1

R

2

B

2

R.R

1

R

1

B

1

B.C.C.1C.C.CB

1

B

1

B

1

B-

0

C

1

C.C-3.R.B . .B .B .B .B .B .R -1

Desorbed

g c800

3,560

5,395

1,960

5,590

1,530

3,895

1,875

5,175

3,435

4,905

2,389

4,321289

2,4727

1,788

1,752

1,523

11,066

1,578

1,646

1,529170430 60120215200 4030311

Gascontent,

cexcluding

residual

gas0 2 3 2 5 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 3 . 3 . 1 1 2 5 1 1 1

. . . . . . . . . . .

State

W P W Ohio

P W W

Percent

ash,s-

received

2 1 7 1 1 1 8 3 1 1 1 -

- -

-

-

2 1 7 -

-

-

-

2 2 1 3 4 4 2 1 7 1 6

Code

4854864874885035045055067927937941 13310919012785385285491281291305225235245255265275285295305 679

County

B A U

.H

.A U

.

R

.ample

depth,

feet

486487489490546547548549610

611612

708834

834

834

840

585586587801909911912 7677789293941461491 154405


29/40

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

Kittanning(

Mahoning(?)

M MaryLee(

MaryLee(

MaryLee(

MaryLee(

W W P W P P P A A A A

B B I R Westmoreland

A S W

.

J T P

.

M HV-A

-

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A-

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A-

LV - An

t-

- LV

LVLV- LV

-

HV-A


30/40

TABLE

-Resultsodirectethodgascontentdeterminationson


Coalbed

MaryLee(

.

MaryLee(

.

MaryLee(

.MaryLee(

County

J

.T P

.Tuscaloosa..

State

A A A A

Sample

depth,

feet

1,053

1,056

1,057

1,073

1,074

1,076

1,076

1,078

1,080

1,082

1,086

1,089

1,092

1,099

1,099

1,099

1,102

1,103

1,120

1,123

1,125

1,126

1,127

1,130

1,704

1,705

1,706

1,913

1,935

2,185

2,231

2,285

Lost

gas,

cm3 27

0

5,110

3,170

1,010

1,010

1,670830640

1,380

1,200

4,480

2,270

2,160390240725600

470

680

900

1,540520

1,990

1,400760270260240770

1,800240

1,270

Residual

Ras,

cm3/g,nd

methodo

calculation

0

BM

.BM

.BM

.R.R.RM

.RM

.B.RM

.BM

.B.

R.

BM

.R.B.CB

.R.RM

.RM

.RM

.BM

.B.

B.

RM

.

G

.

C

.

G

.

G

.

C

1

C

3

BM

1

RM

nesorbed

g cm

5,519

14,283

5,687

18,503

17,055

19,817

16,997

9,874

12,640

9,680

45,923

15,171

19,961

13,989

3,464

8,448

10,654

14,404

15,194

15,757

14,457

6,279

16,599

15,300

13,955

9,085

7,661

10,647

15,331

15,986

3,513

14,669

Total

gas

content,

cm3g

1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 11.1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 9 1 1 5 1

Gasontent,

cm3/g

excluding

residual

gas

1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 1 1 2 1

Appar-

rent

rank

LVLVMV LVLVLVLV- M MY

MY LVLVMY-

- MY

LVLVMYMYLVLVLV-

-

-

-

-

-

HV -

Percent

ash,s-

received

3 9 9 9 8 9 7 -

1 1 1 9 9 8 -

- 9 9 7 9 8 8 7 7 - - - - - - 8 -

Code

254264265246249245250

2632622612482152 255260 5 25

9256244243242239238240 525354555657237 5


31/40

.PeeFm

Mec

MeVdFm

Mide

Moe

NwCe(?)

NwCe

OC

(L

OC

(U

.em

OoN5o6

Ocd

Co

P Co

Aa Co

Aa Aa Ua U

a Oo

P

Ae

RoRa

Pc

.LAm

Jeo.

T

o

Cb

Cb

Hso.

S

k

-1G

elG

- 01BM

.8RM

.8RM

.0RM .R .6RM .2RM 12RM

.1RM

.0RM

29BM

.5RM

.4RM

.5BM

.6R

19R

.oC

.OG

.OG

.0C,

12RM

13RM

19RM

.ORM

.5RM

- - - - - HR - - HR - HR HR HR HA HA HA HA HA - - - - - HA HA HA A A


32/40

TAA1-RusodemhgcedemnooUScsmeCn

Pcaharev 67 63 1

22929 78 1

0 52 1611

- 88 98 76 67 67 58 83 2

9 71 96 - 10 83 - 87 47 58 74 78 55 70 3

7

Ch

Ps

PsZ

.

P

Moan

Psbg

Psbg.

L g cm0 1 2 2 0 0 4 7

94 58 9 1 1 19 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 2

C 7 7 8 7 7 7 3 3 2 2 6 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 6 2 2 6 2 2 8 8 8 8 8 6

Smedhfe 4 4 6 6 6 65 8 12 6 6 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

5 6 68 6 681 6 701 7 7 7 7 7

Sae

Ua Co

P P P

Dob g cm

0 4 55 8 0 0 10 51 3434 24 37 38 31 24 55 56 34 35 47 38 36 56 66 38 59 52 38 42 32 20 24 7

34

Cy

Ga M

.S

k

Wahno

Ge

.

Rd R

cmpa

mho

ccao

00R.0R.3BM

.OR

.OB

.OBM

11BM.5RM

.4RM

11BM

16C

37RM

35BM

39BM

43RM

17R26BM

34RM

35RM

35BM

22RM

12C-6BM

12R32C17BM

16BM

36BM

40BM

44BM

37BM

34BM

31BM

Gcecmg

eun

red g 00 .o .8 . .0 .O

13 65 1

425 22 33 37 30 30 45 49 38 35 35 34 28 41 47 33 55 36 38 38 39 40 21 15

Ta g c

ecng00 .o 11 . .0 .O

24 70 1

826 38 70 72 69 73 62 75 72 70 70 56 40 47 59 65 72 52 74 78 83 77 55 46

A re ra HBHR

HBHRHR

HRHAHA A A - HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA - HA HA - HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA


33/40

Psbg

Psbg

PsbgRd

P

aN3

P

aN3.

V P P WV V

MaoGe

Ge

Wymn

B

.

HV-A

HV-A

HA

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HA-

-

-

-

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A-

-

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-


34/40

W 0

TAA1..RusodemhgcedemnooUScsmeCn

Cb .

PCe.

PCe.PCe

.

PCeRd

.Pa.Pa P

mo. .

Ro

.Ro.Ro .

R

.RC

.

RC

U).

RC

L .Se

e .

Se

e .Sw Sw

.Swce. .Swce

Swce.

ae .K.K .K .WV .Aa .Aa .P WV IV WV Ua Ua Ua Ua .Ill .Ill WV WV WV .P .PCy .

Pk.Man .Pk.Mn

.T

o .Pc

.S

k.Mo

a .Mao .Wez

.G

ed .Cb .

Emy .Emy .

Wa

.Ca

.Reg

.Bao

.Mo

a .Wahno

Ge.

me

dhfe 1 4 5 10 13 14 15 7 7 8 10 6 6 4 17 23 23 12 12 13 6 7 9

6 4 5 590

5L g cm 2

5 8 322 1

0 7 3 1 1 0 2 72 6 6 5 1 4 25 9 2 2 2 4 1 1 1

Gce

cneun

red g 14 14 . . 11 28 . 36 39 20 . . . . 26 17 33 13 19 1. 88 28 26 . -1 35 36 41

A re ra - - - HA - HA A - - - - HC HC HR HR - - - - HB - - - - HA HA HA HA

Dob g cm 12 11 10 2 81 19 7 43 34 23 4

0 3 2 17 18 32 14 25 7 89 31 27 27 1 43 55 40

Rd g

cmga

mho

ccao

07C .G .C 26BM 10C .R .RM

.C .C -4C .C .BM .BM .RM .RM .G 14G .G .G -4RM .C 13C .G .C 10BM 14BM 18BM 13BM

Pc

aharev - - - 27 - 20 12 - - - - 84 52 48 49 - - - - 18 - - - - 11 90 84 14

Ta g c

ecm 21 18 12 32 1

1 30 . 39 41 24 . . -1 13 30 22 47 17 25 15 93 41 28 . 11 49 54 54

C 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 5 7 3 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 8 1 2 2 2


35/40

Swce

Swce

Smi(?).

Sm S

d

S

d

S

dL

T UaA

UaK(

UaK(L .

UaM.

UaEl

UaN

.

UaPU

UaS

m

UaS

m....

W.V

P Ua U

aUa

Ia

Ua

P Ua

Ua

Ua

Ta

Ua

Ua U

aUa

Ua

Mo

a

Ge

Ged

K Cb

Emy.

Emy.

S

k

Emy.

K K.

K K K K Cb

Cb

30B

18RM

25BM

18RM

10C

.3C

26RM

.OG

0G

.9BM

.3BM

.OBM.ORM

.0G

.7BM

.7BM

19R

.OG

.OBM

.0RM

.OB

.0B

.ORM

I

.OB

22BM

.8RM

.7RM

112RM

HAHAHA - - - - - - H

RHAHAHA - A A A - H

CHC

HCHC

HC

I 1HR

HAHAHA

1HA


36/40

TABLE

-Resultsfdirectmethodeascontenteterminationsn


Coalbed

UtahSubseam2

UtahSubseam3

Utah(uric)........

.

Utah(

Vermejo

VermejoF

W Wall(?)

W Watkins

State

Utah

Utah

Utah

Utah

Colo.

Colo.

Colo.

Wyo.

P Colo.

County

C C E C H Las

R C G

.A

Sample

depth,

feet

937

1,437

1,514

1,742

2,110

2,187

963

1,552

1,762

2,222

130

285355

504

2,058

2,081

111155

859

874

1,032

336

1,284

1,393

424

369

135145

Lost

gas,

cm3 4

0

187 92 0

115150 55

1 0 55

73412891870168

55373280 10

200 62

0

3

76

17

406

esorbed

g cm 9

6

5,643

1,035 0

460

1,202

1,501 13 0

1

497

1,820

1,285

1,557

5,869

5,349 5 82

4,409

28084

165 049

29

1,350 25

35

Total

gas

content,

cm3Ig

1 8 2 1 2 2 1. 2 . . 2 2 2 8 6 1 1 4 . 2 . . . . 1 .1 .

Gascontent,

cm3/g

excluding

residual

gas0 6 . . 1 1 1 . . . . 2 1 1 6 5 . . 4 . 2 . . . . 1 . .

Appar-

rent

rank

HVHV-A

HV-A

HVHV-A- HV

HV-A

HV-A- - HV

-R

HV-R

HV-A

HV-A

HV - - HV

-A

HV-A

HV-A

- - -Sub-R

HV-A

Lig-A

Lig-A

Residual

gas,

cm3/g,nd

methodo

calculation

1

RM

2

BM

1

RM

1

BM

1

BM

1

G

.RM

.BM

2

BM

.

G

.

G

.BM . .B 1BM

.RM

.

G

.

G

.BM

.BM

.RM

.

G

.

G

.

G

.BM

.BM

.BM

.RM

Percent

ash,s-

received

7 5 5 5 6 - 6 1 6 - - 4 9 9 5 4 - - 1 4 2 - - - 6 3 3 2

Code

512547541539

824104

699

825

540

105

103804

806

809

344

343

162163788

744

745

164165166

635

637

868

869


37/40

Wabg

Wabg

Wabg

WabgRd

WiamFkFm

WiamFkFm

WiamFkFm

WoCe17).

WoCeL).W

V P P Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Po

a

Ge Da

RoRa

R R

.

HV-A

HV-A

HV-A - - HV

-AHV-A - - - HA HV-

CHV-C

HV-C HC HV-

CHV-C

HV-C

HV-C - HV

C - - - - -


38/40

AP PEN DI X B.--DIAGRAMS OF STANDARD DI RE CT METHOD TE STSAMPLE CONTAINER AND BALL MILL

r 2 rad~usNo I top dr~ll2 - 1 0 N

6 holes2; radlus

SECTIONALDESORBING CANISTER

ASSEMBLY

FIGURE B-1. - Standard direct method test sample container. -


39/40

SECTIONAL BALL MILL ASSEMBLY

All dimensions in inchesClearance between ~d nd od

FIGURE 8-2. - Ball mill used to crush coal for new residual gas determination procedure.


40/40

APPENDIX C.--FIELD DATA COLLECTION FORM FOR DIRECT METHOD TESTSample No. DateCompany Person collecting coreDrilling Company Hole No.Hole locationState CountyCoalbed Core size Barrel lengthCoalbed thickness Type of core retrievalDepth to base of coalbed Surface elevationRoof rock Drilling mediaFloor rock Air temperatureCondition of sample, type of coalSeam description

Sample intervalCylinder No. Cylinder wt. Coal sample wt. (grams)Time coalbed encountered (A) Time coring startedTime core started out of hole (B) Time coring completedTime core reached surface (C)Time core sealed in canister (D)

RESULTSLost gas time: (D-A) if air or mist is used

(D-C) + (y)f water is used~ o s t as (cm3)

Direct Method Determination of Gas Content of Coal

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