Direct and Indirect Speech

¿Qué es el Estilo Indirecto?Consiste en informar de algo que se habla o se ha habladoPor ejemplo: Juan dice: “Hablo Inglés” (Estilo Directo) Juan dice que habla inglés (Estilo Indirecto)

He says: “I speak English” He says (that) he speaks English

Si el primer verbo está en presente, como en este caso “says”, no hay muchos cambios:

•That: “que”, está entre paréntesis porque se puede omitir•El pronombre personal “I” se cambiaría por la persona de la que se está hablando, en este ejemplo, se cambiaría por “he” •El verbo se coordinaría con el sujeto “speak” “speaks”

• Si el primer verbo está en pasado es cuando hay que aplicar los mayores cambios:

• He said: “I spoke to my grandmother yesterday” • He said (that) he had spoken to his grandmother the day

before

Como se puede observar, en este caso tendremos que hacer más cambios:

Verbal Changes (Cambios verbales)

Direct speech → Indirect speech

More verbal changes (más cambios verbales)

“I must leave just now” She said she had to leave at that moment

“ I couldn’t swim yesterday” She said she hadn’t been able to swim the previous day

More ChangesAdverbs and adverbial phrases of time (Expresiones de tiempo)

DIFFERENT TYPE OF SENTENCES (Diferentes tipos de oraciones en las que se estudia el Estilo Indirecto)

STATEMENTS

1. “I’ve no idea what the time is, but you can dial 123 and find out”

she said2. “I must go. I have to catch the four o’clock train” Peter said

3. “I think it’s going to rain” my brother said

4. “I haven’t had time to type the letter” the secretary said to her

boss5. “I can’t remember his address” he said.

6. “We didn’t get home until midnight” they told us

7. “I’m hungry” she said angrily

8. “I will go the country if the weather gets better” my brother said.9. “I must leave. The train is leaving” Peter said.

Put these sentences into indirect Speech

Yesterday, I met my friend Charlie and this is what he told me. Can you write what it into the Indirect Speech? E.g.

12. Tom had an accident last week but he wasn’t injured

13. I saw Jack at a party a few months ago and he seemed fine

7. I didn’t know what Fred is doing

1. I’m thinking of going to live in New York

4. I haven’t seen Sue for a month

8. I hardly ever go out these days

9. I work 14 hours a day

10. I’ll tell Jim I saw you

11. You can come and stay with me if you are ever in London

2. My father is in hospital

3. July and Mark are getting married next month

6. María has had a baby

5. I’ve been playing tennis a lot recently

E.g. 1. Charlie said that he was thinking of going to live in NY

QUESTIONS

ACTIVITIES

1. “What’s your new house like?” he asked them.

2. “May I come in?” the student asked the teacher

3. “What are you reading?” he asked

4. “When will it be ready?” she asked to the dressmaker5. Tom said “ I insist on listening to this music. It’s much more better”

6. “I’ m the best in the classroom, I can pass any exam” He said

7. “ I can’t help her, I have a lot of work” She said

Put these sentences into indirect Speech

COMMANDS

Nota: Cualquier orden pasará a ser infinitivo en Estilo Indirecto, afirmativo “TO…” o negativo “NOT TO…”

ACTIVITIES

1. “Follow that car”, the detective said to the taxi driver.2. “Don’t let him get away with it” my father said

3. “Read the questions carefully” the teacher said to the pupils

4.  “Don’t do that” the captain said to the soldiers

5. “Eat more fruit and vegetables”, the doctor said6. “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, she said to us

7. “Read the instructions carefully before you switch on the machine”,

he said to me

Put these sentences into Indirect Speech

SUGGESTIONS

He suggested cleaning the car

or He said we should clean the car

or He suggested we clean the car

Podemos hacer sugerencias de distintas formas. Por ejemplo:

ACTIVITIESPut these sentences into Indirect Speech

1. “Shall we go for a walk?” She said

2. “Why don`t we go to the park this afternoon?” My friend said3. “Let’s revise the unit 4 for the next test” The teacher said

Pero no siempre tenemos que cambiar al Estilo Indirecto de forma tan literal

Podemos usar otros verbos para introducir la oración indirecta:

Por ejemplo:

Directo: “¿Quieres un vaso de agua?” Me dijo ella Indirecto: Ella dijo que si quería un vaso de agua

o Ella me ofreció un vaso de agua

A continuación tenemos una lista de verbos que se podrían usar en este sentido:

ADVANCED

1. He said “Don’t walk on the ice, it isn’t safe”2. Miss Brown, this is Miss White. Miss White, Miss Brown” he said3. “If I were you I’d pretend to be ill for a fortnight” I said4. Tom: “I’ll pay” Ann: “Oh no, you mustn’t” Tom: “I insist on paying”5. “Curse this map! It’s led me wrong again” he said6. “Could you come to dinner tomorrow night?” he said7. “Could you show me how to work it? I’m not used to electric typewriters”

she said8. “Hurray, I’ve passed my exam!” he cried “Congratulations!” I said9. “Do you know that the shoes you are wearing aren’t a pair?” I said. “Yes,

but I was in a hurry this morning and these were the only ones I could find” he said

10.“What about going for a swim” he said. “It’s quite fine now”11.“Ugh! There is a slug in my lettuce. Waiter!” he cried12.“Naughty boy!” said his mother “you’ve been fighting again”. “But I didn’t

start it, mother” said the boy protestingly. “He hit me first”

Put these sentences into indirect Speech changing the reporting verb

A) Complete the sentences below with one of these reporting verbs in the correct form.

1. Tom_______________ to his mother that he had told some of the lies about his cousins.

2. Martha _______________ she would come with me as soon as she was ready.

3. In the courtroom the man _______________ the charge of stealing $850 from the woman’s handbag

4. Even though I ‘ve seen the film before, my friends _______________ me to go with them

5. I _______________ to my friend that I couldn’t have that dog as a pet. My flat is too small

6. The customs officer _______________ where I had come from and whether I was

staying for more than a week

7. Emma _______________ me not to drive too fast because the road was icy.

8. George _______________ that he had never seen the woman before

Reporting Verbs Explain Deny Warn Confess Answer Insist Persuade inquire

B) Change the sentences below from the direct to the reported speech, using one of the reporting verbs in the list. Begin the sentences with the words given.

1. “If you don’t leave the room inmediately, I’ll call the police”Mrs Davison __________________________________________________________________2. “I’ll phone you as soon as I have news about Richard’s state of health”Paul __________________________________________________________________3. “No, I will not speak to Tom”Laura __________________________________________________________________4. “You might catch the 8 o’clock train if you hurry”Steve__________________________________________________________________5. “Would you ming not smoking in the room?”Sally __________________________________________________________________6. “Don’t forget to buy the tickets for next Saturday’s concert”Melissa __________________________________________________________________7. “Why did you replace our director?”Mr Williams __________________________________________________________________8. “I’d like to spend a couple of days in a charming little hotel in the countryside”Rebecca __________________________________________________________________

Suggest Threaten Ask Promise Hope Remind Refuse Inquire

ACTIVITIES AdvancedPut the following into the REPORTED SPEECH with the reporting verb in the PAST TENSE.  1. I’m sure we are lost. Run and ask that policeman the way2. Did you remember to take your medicine before dinner? If not, you’d better take it now3. Do you want to speak to Nora? I’m afraid she’s out at the moment4. Will you come here, Mrs Jones? I want you to take down a letter for me5. What a forgetful creature I am! I’ve forgotten to post your letter6. Have you got any shampoo? I must wash my hair7. I’ve just have these shoes made for me. Do you think they’re smart?8. I wonder who is coming on the excursion tomorrow. I do hope it won’t rain9. Do as I tell you or you will be punished. I’ll teach you who is master in this house!10.When you have cleaned the sitting-room, will you please light a fire there? It’s rather chilly today11. I’m glad I’m found you out, you dirty little thief!12.Listen! Can you hear someone coming?13.Please excuse me. I’m too tired to go out tonight14.Have you ever been to the Lake District? It’s most delightful walking country15.The lawn-mower is broken again. Go and ask if you can borrow Mr Jennings’s.16.Are there any ripe blackberries on that bush? If so, we can take some home for a pie17.That picture is crooked. Would you mind putting it straight?18. I’m going to the library this morning. Shall I change your books for you?19.Stop! Wait for me! It will be a moment!20. I’m so sorry! Did I hurt you?21. I must go home in an hour’s time. I must always be in before twelve o’clock22.Make me another suit like this. Don’t forget to put in a good lining. I hope to call for it in a week23. If you can supply me with this goods, please let me know24. I’ve always thought your sister was married. I must have confused her with someone else. I must go now, but you must

introduce me to her one day25.How many pieces of watermelon can you eat? What! Only five? What a tiny appetite you have!