DIPLOMA IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING...Programming This practice-oriented module equips students with...
Transcript of DIPLOMA IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING...Programming This practice-oriented module equips students with...
DIPLOMA IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Growing up, you were always the kid building toy planes out of Lego blocks. Everyone knew about your fascination with
"winged" vessels. Take your passion to greater heights now with the Diploma in Aerospace Engineering [AG]!
In AG, you will gain a strong engineering foundation with a focus on major aerospace disciplines. In the first two years, we
will strengthen your engineering knowledge with modules such as Engineering Mathematics, Engineering Mechanics and
Engineering Design Analysis to prepare you for the core aerospace modules in the later semesters. With our strong
emphasis on design thinking, you will gain an edge in jobs that involve creating innovative solutions. You can apply your
design skills in harnessing clean energy and developing new materials as well as aerospace components. You will also
learn the fundamentals of aerospace technology, manufacturing and maintenance, and aircraft structures and systems.
In your final year, you can pick one of our three specialisation options [Aerospace Design, Aviation Management or
Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul] that will build on your aerospace foundation and area of interest. You will also go on a
local or overseas internship with companies such as Airbus Helicopters, Rolls-Royce, Pratt & Whitney and ST Aerospace to
get real-world industry exposure.
SPECIALISATION OPTIONS
Aerospace Design
You will gain design knowledge and computational skills to perform higher order engineering tasks and applications for
the aerospace industry
Aviation Management
You will learn about airport operations, aviation network planning and management.
Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul
This specialisation will equip you with technical and management knowledge of aircraft maintenance.
COURSE MODULES
LEVEL 1.1 Common Curriculum for CEP and Non-CEP Pathways
Engineering Mathematics 1
This module is designed to provide students with the fundamental skills in mathematics required to solve basic
engineering problems. Topics are introduced in an order that is intended to keep abreast of the application requirements
in engineering modules. The emphasis in each topic is on simple applications and problem solving. Topics include
algebra, trigonometry, logarithms, plane analytic geometry, matrices and complex numbers. Throughout the module,
there is appropriate use of a Computer Algebra System.
Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals
This module introduces students to the study of external forces in two dimensions and their effect on particles and rigid
bodies that are at rest. Students learn the skills to analyse the forces acting on the bodies by drawing free-body diagrams
and applying the conditions of equilibrium. Topics include forces and resultants, moments and couples, equilibrium and
the concepts of plane friction. This module also aims to equip students with the skills to analyse problems of rigid bodies
in motion. Only linear motion in two dimensions will be covered. Topics include kinematics and kinetics of linear motion.
Electrical Engineering Fundamentals
This module provides a foundation in electricity covering basic concepts of electrical circuits and the methods used to
analyse them. The module emphasises the understanding of the basic electrical circuit laws (Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s
Voltage and Current Laws) and network theorems, and their application to electrical network analysis. Topics covered
include fundamentals of electricity, network theorems, capacitance, electromagnetic induction and inductance.
Programming
This practice-oriented module equips students with basic knowledge and skills in computer programming using C
language. The main topics include basic computer programming concepts, fundamentals of C programming including
branching, loops, and functions.
Integrated Real-world Project 1
This module aims to integrate the knowledge learnt in the semester and apply to a real-world project and further
enhanced through relevant contextualization. Students will work in teams and undertake the project development
underpinned by the design thinking approach. On completion of the module, students will be able to apply the skills and
develop confidence in tackling projects. Data analytics will be introduced using case-based approach and applied in the
integrated real-world project.
Career & Professional Preparation I
This module helps to give students a foundational introduction to their three-year diploma course curriculum and how it
prepares them for industry. It will help them to embark on their three-year course with the end in mind, through guided
reflection of their personal characteristics, and producing an overall game plan for their future education and career
goals. The module aims to deepen students’ commitment to the sector that the course prepares them for.
Innovation Made Possible (IS Module)
This module aims to help students discover and hone their innate ability to think creatively and come up with innovations
to tackle problems close to their hearts. Underpinned by the Design Thinking framework, students will be sensitized to
the process of user-centric problem solving. They will be introduced to concepts such as empathy, problem-definition,
ideation, prototyping and testing through a practical approach featuring engaging out-of-classroom activities, just-in-
time master-classes and a hands-on, “learning by doing” delivery format. Ultimately, the module will help students
recognize that innovation is attainable and fun and develop creative confidence to explore new ideas in their studies and
beyond.
LEVEL 1.2
Engineering Mathematics 2
This module is designed to provide students with the fundamental skills in mathematics required to solve basic
engineering problems. Topics are introduced in an order that is intended to keep abreast of the application requirements
in engineering modules. The emphasis in each topic is on simple applications and problem solving. Throughout the
module, there is appropriate use of a Computer Algebra System. Topics include trigonometry, differentiation and simple
integration with applications.
Thermofluids
Students will learn the basic laws governing the behaviour of fluids under the influence of energy transfer. Topics include
systems concept, temperature and pressure, fluid statics, fluid in motion, continuity equation, laminar and turbulent flows,
ideal incompressible flow, Bernoulli’s equation, flow measurement and Pitot tube, external flow and application of
thermofluid’s principles in simple engineering systems.
Electrical & Electronic Technology
The aim of this module is to introduce the fundamental concepts of digital electronic devices and circuits. It intends to
deepen the electrical fundamentals learnt in the first semester. Topics include AC circuit theory and transformer
fundamentals, number systems, Boolean algebra, combinational logic design, applications of latches, flip-flops, counters
and registers.
Materials & Manufacturing Technology
This module introduces students to properties of common engineering materials with emphasis on mechanical testing
methods, heat-treatment, international standard specifications, and selection and applications of such materials. Topics
include classification of materials, mechanical testing, alloying, steels, non-ferrous alloys, plastics, ceramics and
composites. For manufacturing technology, students will acquire the basic knowledge and skills of manufacturing
processes, including drilling, turning, milling, grinding, non-conventional machining, welding and assembly.
Integrated Real-world Project 2
This module aims to integrate the knowledge learnt in the semester and apply to a real-world project and understand the
relevance and application of the modules learnt. Students will work in teams and undertake the project development
underpinned by the design thinking approach. On completion of the module, students will be able to apply the skills and
develop confidence in tackling projects at the higher levels.
Engineering & Society
The module aims to imbue students with a sense of purpose as they pursue an engineering education and providing
students with a moral compass in their journey as engineering professionals. The sense of purpose is encapsulated by the
development and application of professional skills, within the engineering context, that would allow students to make a
contribution to society. The module will develop students’ cultural quotient (CQ) capabilities and mould their mental
disposition to understand and collaborate across diverse cultures. CQ is crucial in the engineering profession due to the
proliferation of global connectivity and collaboration, which requires an engineer to empathise, relate, adapt and work
effectively with people from diverse backgrounds and cultures. The module will also feature our signature pedagogies,
namely, design thinking and service-learning, so that students will be sensitised to the challenges of working as engineers
in new and unfamiliar settings.
Sports and Wellness (IS Module)
This module helps you to learn a sport as a recreational activity to keep you fit and healthy. Team building and
collaboration skills are developed as you network with other students. There are a total of 19 sports electives to choose
from: Aerobics, Badminton, Basketball, Cheerleading, Dance Movement, Dancesport, Flag Football, Hip Hop, Life Saving
/ Swimming, Netball, Orienteering, Street Soccer, Soccer, Softball, Tennis, Touch Rugby, Volleyball, Wellness Programme
and Yoga. Outstanding students are awarded a Pass with Merit.
Communication Essentials (IS Module)
This module aims to develop written and spoken communicative competence in students by exposing them to a range of
contemporary issues. Through researching on and discussing different topics from different disciplinary perspectives,
students acquire lexis and syntax through critical reading and writing while developing awareness of self in society. The
integration of critical thinking and analysis will enable students to articulate their thoughts and perspectives through oral
presentations and written texts. The module will also develop an awareness of cultural intelligence with global viewpoints.
COURSE CURRICULUM
Module Name Credit Units
YEAR 1
Level 1.1 (23 hours per week)
Engineering Mathematics 1 4
Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals 3
Electrical Engineering Fundamentals 3
Programming 4
Integrated Real-world Project 1 4
Career & Professional Preparation I 2
Innovation Made Possible^ 3
Level 1.2 (27 hours per week)
Engineering Mathematics 2 4
Thermofluids 4
Electrical & Electronics Technology 4
Materials & Manufacturing Technology 4
Integrated Real-world Project 2 4
Engineering & Society 2
Sports & Wellness^ 2
Communication Essentials^ 3
N\ otes:
^ For more details on Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) electives, please log on to www.np.edu.sg/is/
IS Modules
The School of Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) delivers a broad-based curriculum, which nurtures a new generation of
professionals with multidisciplinary skills and an innovative and entrepreneurial spirit to meet the challenges of a
knowledge economy. IS offers both prescribed modules and electives to challenge boundaries. Prescribed modules
develop students’ competencies in core areas such as Communication, Innovation and Enterprise, Culture and
Communication, and Personal Mastery and Development, while elective modules provide insights into Arts and
Humanities, Business, Design, and Science and Technology.
COURSE MODULES
LEVEL 2.1
Aircraft Structures & Systems 1
The objective of this module is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge of aircraft structures and systems,
and their basic design criteria, analysis and validation in relation to the imposed loads and forces within the operating
flight envelope.
The module covers the key characteristics and design features of aircraft structures, general construction of the fuselage
and main control surfaces, the basic analysis of the stress and strain imposed by the flight envelope; and the structural
requirements, like deflection and column analysis, imposed by the various aircraft systems.
In addition, equipment and furnishings, aircraft sheet metal repair and cabin compartments will be explained in this
module. Basic aircraft systems will be introduced in this module.
Applied Mechanics
The Applied Mechanics module aims to equip students with the necessary skills to analyse problems of rigid bodies at
rest and in motion. Topics include Trusses, Belt Friction, Kinematics and Kinetics of rotational motion, Work-Energy
method & Impulse-Momentum method. The students will be guided to solve engineering problems.
Avionics Systems
This module provides students with an appreciation of aircraft electronic systems. It includes topics such as cockpit
instrumentation, aircraft navigation, communication, surveillance, control and lighting electronics. This module equips
students with the knowledge required for the advanced modules on Aircraft Navigation and Communication Systems
(ANCS) and Aircraft Electrical & Instrumentation Systems (AEIS).
Fundamentals of Aerospace Technology
This activity-based module introduces students to the principles of flight, and traces the historical development of
aerospace technology, its impact on society, and economics, safety and environmental issues. It highlights the nature and
scope of the aerospace industry in Singapore, and the broad technical training for the profession with specific reference
to the structure of the course. The module aims to create professional awareness in students.
Engineering Design Analysis
It is the intention of this module to equip students with the fundamental knowledge and practice of proper engineering
design process and the applications of engineering principles and analysis in the design, sizing and selection of
components such as electric motor, coupling, gears, bearing, chain drives, fastener and compression spring. Case studies
of existing machines and systems, guided tutorials, quizzes, assignments and a practical project will be used to reinforce
the theoretical aspects.
Strength of Materials
This module aims at providing the students with a foundational knowledge of strength of materials at a tertiary
technologist level.
Career and Professional Preparation II
This second-year module helps to equip students with skills necessary to seek and secure work. They will also be
equipped to communicate their personal brand in a positive way. As students sharpen their communication skills, they
will also learn how to market themselves effectively. Students must be able to produce a resume, an elevator pitch and go
through at least one mock interview.
Interdisciplinary Elective Module (IS Module)
Students embark on a general module from categories ranging from Communication, Life Skills, Entrepreneurship, Media
& the Arts to Science & Technology.
LEVEL 2.2
Engineering Mathematics 3B
This module is designed to provide students with further skills in mathematics required to solve basic engineering
problems. Topics are introduced in an order that is intended to keep abreast of the application requirements in
engineering modules. The emphasis in each topic is on simple applications and problem solving. Topics include
integration with applications, differential equations, Laplace transform and Counting & Probability.
Aerospace Design Practice
This module aims to deepen the skills and knowledge of the students to solving engineering problems related to their
course of study. The module leverages the design thinking process covered in in Engineering Design Thinking (17EDT)
and domain knowledge taught in other modules to build working prototypes to an engineering problem.
By adding elements of competition, namely the Class Prelims and MEDP Challenge, the students’ prototypes are pitch
against their classmates’ and other classes respectively. This allows them to see the prototypes developed by other
students, thus widening their perspectives of workable solutions.
The module also enhances technical knowledge and hands-on competency in fabrication. Some of the technical
knowledge introduced includes 3D printing, laser cutting, radio control and electronics, etc.
The module also hones the students’ skills in teamwork, resilience, resourcefulness, creativity, communication,
presentation and technical report writing skills.
Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing
This practice-oriented module focuses on the application of CADCAM systems in modern manufacturing. Through hands-
on projects and assignments, students develop the proficiency in using parametric, feature-based solid modeling
software for the design of engineering parts and assembly as well as the preparation of detailed manufacturing drawings.
Simulation and verification of machining operations are carried out followed by the generation of numerically controlled
data.
Aircraft Maintenance Practices
The aim of this module is to provide the students with sufficient foundational understanding of aircraft maintenance
practices for them to move on to the next stage of aircraft systems and propulsion system learning. This module will
cover operations aspect of aircraft flight-line safety and maintenance practices, as well as servicing, inspection and
documentation requirements are discussed.
Human factors influence how well engineers do their job in terms of both safety and quality and ultimately, the
airworthiness of the aircraft, engine and components they maintain. Human Factors study serves to recognize human
performance limitations in personnel, and be able to put in measures to detect and rectify errors or error prone behaviour
and practices.
Mechanics of Flight
This module aims to provide students with an understanding of the aerodynamic principles of airplane flight in the
regime ranging from low speed subsonic to high speed subsonic. Topics include basic aerodynamic forces acting on an
airplane, the airfoil performance at subsonic speed, viscous flow characteristics, airplane static and dynamic performance
which include take-off and landing performance, level turn, range and endurance performance. Some fundamental
knowledge on airplane stability and control will be discussed. To gear students towards inquiry-based learning, carefully
designed wind tunnel experiments are provided to reinforce their theoretical knowledge. These include varied models
simulation in a low speed subsonic wind tunnel. Tutorials are designed with main focus on practical problems that involve
aerodynamic characteristics and performance of airplane.
Applied Thermofluids
Thermo-fluids is a module of science and engineering encompassing 2 intersecting fields namely Thermodynamics and
Fluid mechanics. In relation to mechanical engineering, Thermodynamics is the science of converting energy involving
heat to mechanical work and Fluid Mechanics is the study of physical forces in a system in the presence of fluid when at
rest or in motion. Heat energy had to be transported by fluid in order to undergo various thermodynamic processes and
becomes mechanical work eventually. The way fluid would flow ultimately dominates the entire thermal energy
conversion process.
This module extends the coverage of Thermofluids in year 1, which further the basic concepts and principles of
Thermodynamics and Fluid mechanics concepts. Behaviour of fluids under different conditions like static, dynamic and
under the influence of heat will be covered in further details. The most important 2nd law of Thermodynamics will be
introduced. Subsequently, Basic Engineering cycles developed from the 2nd law including Steam power cycles and Gas
power cycles will be discussed. Students will also be taught on the methods of Engine performance testing.
World Issues: A Singapore Perspective (WISP)
The module will expand on the awareness of contemporary issues introduced in the communication module in Year 1 and
allow for a continued engagement with real world issues in Year 2 while preparing them for the Year 3 interdisciplinary
project. Students will be asked to examine issues from various perspectives so as to better appreciate the dynamism of
real-world problems and their role as active citizens in society.
Experiential learning will continue to be the key pedagogical approach with more game-based learning included to
further engage students. WISP will also continue to be the main mode of delivering Character & Citizenship Education in
NP.
Module Name Credit Units
YEAR 2
Level 2.1 (29 hours per week)
Aircraft Structures & Systems 1 5
Applied Mechanics 5
Avionics Systems 3
Fundamentals of Aerospace Technology 3
Engineering Design Analysis 4
Strength of Materials 5
Career & Professional Preparation II 2
Elective Module^ 2
Level 2.2 (28 hours per week)
Engineering Mathematics 3 4
Aerospace Design Practice 3
Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing 5
Aircraft Maintenance Practices 5
Mechanics of Flight 4
Applied Thermofluids 5
World Issues - A Singapore Perspective^ 2
Notes:
^ For more details on Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) electives, please log on to www.np.edu.sg/is/
IS Modules
The School of Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) delivers a broad-based curriculum, which nurtures a new generation of
professionals with multidisciplinary skills and an innovative and entrepreneurial spirit to meet the challenges of a
knowledge economy. IS offers both prescribed modules and electives to challenge boundaries. Prescribed modules
develop students’ competencies in core areas such as Communication, Innovation and Enterprise, Culture and
Communication, and Personal Mastery and Development, while elective modules provide insights into Arts and
Humanities, Business, Design, and Science and Technology.
COURSE MODULES
LEVEL 3.1
Aircraft Propulsion Systems
This module equips students with the basic principles of aircraft propulsion systems and a general understanding of the
design features of some of the components and subsystems. Topics include gas turbine cycles, various jet and rocket
propulsion systems, design features of inlets, compressors, combustion chambers, turbines and other elements of
propulsion systems.
Aircraft Structures and Systems 2
This module aims to provide students with the fundamental working knowledge of the various aircraft systems, their
principal functions and design criteria, and the ability to perform basic performance analysis of certain critical
components. This module covers the key characteristics and design features of aircraft fluid power systems,
environmental control systems, and auxiliary systems.
System Dynamics & Control
The module aims to give students a firm foundation in the physical principles involved in the modelling and analysis of
dynamic systems, vibration in aircraft and other engineering systems, use of computational and analytical tools, and the
application of control principles to produce systems that meet performance specifications.
Project ID - Connecting the Dots (IS Module)
This module aims to prepare students for an increasingly globalized and interconnected world where problems are multi-
faceted and require interdisciplinary research and collaboration to solve. Using a project-based learning approach,
students will have the opportunity to work in a multi-disciplinary team to investigate and propose comprehensive
recommendations for a pressing real-world problem affecting Singapore. They will be guided to step out of their
disciplinary silos and effectively communicate and collaborate with peers from different backgrounds. Ultimately, the
module seeks to develop independent learning skills and the ability to synthesize diverse strands of knowledge to solve a
complex problem, while impressing on students the importance of being a responsible global citizen.
Aerospace Design Option
Aerospace Computational Design
The Aerospace Computational Design module equips the students with Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) skills to
articulate and perform kinematics and dynamics analyses of mechanisms.
The students will be able to design, assemble and model behaviors of motion generating machine elements, e.g. cams,
gears and linkages. Animated results and data obtainable from the analyses will be used for system study and
optimization.
Aerospace Computational Analysis
This module is a practice-oriented module designed to allow students to apply their skills and knowledge in Computer-
Aided Design (CAD) to produce a model for engineering design analysis using Finite Element application to study the
stress distribution at component level.
The module is supplemented with certain amount of theory to equip students with a good understanding of the
fundamental engineering principles to aerospace design and analysis from a failure prevention perspective. In addition,
students will also be taught the basic principles for optimal shape design in this module.
The Aerospace Computational Design module equips the students with Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) skills to
articulate and perform kinematics and dynamics analyses of mechanisms.
The students will be able to design, assemble and model behaviors of motion generating machine elements, e.g. cams,
gears and linkages. Animated results and data obtainable from the analyses will be used for system study and
optimization.
Aerospace Computational Simulation
This module provides students with an appreciation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and their roles in engineering
design. Students will learn the use of CFD tools for analyzing flow problems and how to verify the results obtained with
the basic principles of fluid mechanics.
Aviation Management Option
Airport Operations
International air travel is an important facet in today’s global economy, be it for passenger travel or cargo transportation.
There are more than 1000 commercial airlines worldwide with a total of about 25,000 commercial aircraft. Daily scheduled
flights worldwide comes close to about 100,000 flights a day.
In Singapore, Changi Airport is the world’s seventh busiest airport for international air traffic, with more than 54 million
passengers passing through its gates yearly. It plays host to more than 100 airlines with over 6,600 weekly scheduled
flights, equating to one flight landing or aking off every 90 seconds. All of these would not have been possible without
the hard work of more than 40,000 staff from across 200 airport agencies to ensure airport operational efficiency and
aircraft safety.
This Airport Operations module will provide students with a fundamental understanding of how an airport works and
what are the governing regulations to ensure standardisation, safety and efficiency of operations.
Aviation Business & Management
Good business and management practices are crucial to the success of an airline. This module introduces the
fundamentals of airline business and management. Topics covered include concepts of airline operations, airline valuation
and economics, airline performance, regulatory framework of the airline industry, scheduling and fleet management,
airline alliances, mergers and acquisition. Fundamental of aviation logistics and cargo management will also be covered.
Aviation Safety & Management
As aviation continues to expand globally, the understanding of safety must progress in tandem with the degree of change
occurring in the industry. It is therefore imperative that students of aviation (as future leaders) as well as industry
professionals obtain a firm understanding of contemporary safety programs and principles to set them and the
organization on the right path in preventing aviation accidents and incidents. This module provides students with a broad
understanding of the elements of aviation safety. Topics covered in this module include: safety management systems and
ICAO requirements, threats to aviation safety, hazard identification and risk assessment, ground safety, flight safety, and
airport safety and security.
Maintenance Repair & Overhaul Option
Aerospace Materials & Processes
A continuation of the earlier module Engineering Materials (2EMAT), this module covers aerospace materials and
processes as applied to aluminium, magnesium, titanium and nickel-based systems including super alloys and some
ceramics and composites. Topics include materials specifications, design guidelines and choice of materials for aerospace
components, materials and process selection, fabrication and testing of composites, fatigue and creep behaviour,
materials degradation by corrosion and corrosion control, materials forming processes, selective surface hardening and
surface modification techniques and surface integrity. Students will develop proficiency for the design and selection of
materials and processes to optimise performance in aerospace components.
Airworthiness Legislation
The module provides students with basic knowledge of key aviation regulations and airworthiness requirements
governing the aerospace industry. Students will gain an appreciation of the roles and organization of aviation governing
bodies responsible for the safety standards and aviation regulations. These organizations include the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO), US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and in
particular, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS).
In the context of the local aerospace industry, the module covers in greater depth the Singapore Air Navigation Order
(ANO), with focus on the Singapore Airworthiness Requirements. The latter provides students with an understanding of
the rules and regulations governing the local aviation industry. This knowledge will be beneficial for students in their
pursuit of a career in the aerospace industry.
Quality Systems and Manufacturing Management
This module prepares students to apply quality system management techniques and principles in their future workplace.
Topics include quality systems, quality audits, quality tools and techniques including statistical quality control techniques
for process control, design of experiments to optimize and improve products and processes. Lean manufacturing and six
sigma initiatives in the Aerospace Industry will also be discussed.
LEVEL 3.2
Six-month Internship (Local / Overseas)
This six-month internship aims to provide broad-based and practice-oriented training to equip students with the
appropriate knowledge, management and communication skills as well as the right attitude to enter industry as
technologists.
Module Name Credit Units
YEAR 3
Level 3.1 (26 hours per week)
Aircraft Propulsion Systems 4
Aircraft Structures & Systems 2 5
System Dynamics & Control 4
Project ID - Connecting the Dots^ 4
Aerospace Design Option
Aerospace Computational Design 3
Aerospace Computational Analysis 3
Aerospace Computational Simulation 3
Aviation Management Option
Airport Operations 3
Aviation Business & Management 3
Aviation Safety & Management 3
Maintenance Repair & Overhaul Option
Aerospace Materials & Processes 4
Airworthiness Legislation 2
Quality System & Manufacturing Management 3
Level 3.2 (22 hours per week)
6-month Internship (Local / Overseas) 22
Notes:
^ For more details on Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) electives, please log on to www.np.edu.sg/is/
IS Modules
The School of Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) delivers a broad-based curriculum, which nurtures a new generation of
professionals with multidisciplinary skills and an innovative and entrepreneurial spirit to meet the challenges of a
knowledge economy. IS offers both prescribed modules and electives to challenge boundaries. Prescribed modules
develop students’ competencies in core areas such as Communication, Innovation and Enterprise, Culture and
Communication, and Personal Mastery and Development, while elective modules provide insights into Arts and
Humanities, Business, Design, and Science and Technology.