Total Variation Regularization by Iteratively Reweighted ...
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche “ Water...
Transcript of Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche “ Water...
“ Water Memory “
A Physico-Chemical Study
V. Elia, E. Napoli
Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche
Il ‘Paradigma’ segna il confine tra ‘scienza’ e ‘non scienza’
I paradigmi però nascono , si sviluppano e poi declinano e
devono essere sostituiti quando le nuove scoperte scientifiche
si rivelano incompatibili.
La società è riluttante ad abbandonare un paradigma
consolidato e quindi i portatori di nuove idee appaiono come
stravaganti , eretici , pericolosi.
Nella scienza non esistono gli eretici poiché non esistono
dogmi.
Methods
The perturbed water was obtained using the three
different protocols:
EDS (Extremely Diluted Solutions). Obtained
through an iterative process of successive
dilutions and agitations.
IFW (Iteratively Filtered Water). Obtained
through an iterative process of successive
filtrations through sintered glass filters.
INW (Iteratively Nafionized Water). Obtained
through an iterative process of successive drying
and wetting of the Nafion polymer.
Protocol for the Preparation
of a Homeopathic Solution Iteration of two processes: dilution and dynamization
Dynamization: violent shaking (succussion) of the solution in the vertical direction.
Example:
Active principle: NaCl Solvent: H2O
• NaCl 1 CH solution: 1 g of NaCl + 99 g of H2O. The resulting solution is then succussed;
• NaCl 2 CH solution: 1 g of NaCl 1 CH + 99 g of H2O. The resulting solution is then succussed;
• NaCl n CH solution: 1 g of NaCl (n-1) CH + 99 g of H2O. The resulting solution is then succussed.
The label “n CH” (centesimal hanhemannian) reports the dilution degree (for n=1 ... n).
Il principio attivo, dopo le diluizioni, non è più
presente.
Il solvente si è modificato e non possiede più i
parametri chimico-fisici dell’acqua bidistillata.
Risultano variati:
• Conducibilità specifica elettrica
• pH
• Calore di mescolamento con acidi e basi
• Densità etc……
0,0 2,0x10-5
4,0x10-5
6,0x10-5
8,0x10-5
1,0x10-4
5,6
5,8
6,0
6,2
6,4
6,6
6,8
7,0
7,2
pH
MT
pH of EDS vs Concentrration of the Chemical Contents
V. Elia, E. Napoli, R. Germano
Homeopathy, (2007) 96, 163-169
0,0 2,0x10-5
4,0x10-5
6,0x10-5
8,0x10-5
0
2
4
6
8
-Qm
ix /
J k
g-1
Mtot
Heat of Mixing of EDS vs
Concentration of the Chemical
Contents
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
S c
m-1)
MNa+
*105(mol L
-1)
Specific conductivity of EDS compared to
the concentration of the chemical content
Sample χi Experim./mg Expected/mg Δmg
1 100,0 2,3 0,9 1,4
2 122,0 3,3 1,1 2,2
3 25,0 1,3 0,5 0,8
4 57,0 2,2 0,8 1,4
5 58,0 3,1 1,0 2,1
6 44,0 2,6 1,4 1,2
7 9,7 0,4 0,2 0,2
8 13,0 0.8 0,4 0,4
9 23,0 1,3 0,4 0.9
10 21,0 0.6 0,1 0.5
11 13,0 0,8 0.2 0,6
12 52,0 1,0 0.2 0,8
13 130,0 2,7 1,4 1.3
Glass Powder χi Experim./mg Expected/mg Δmg
1 68,0 3,1 3,1 0
2 8,5 0,3 0,2 0,1
3 18,0 1,2 1 0,2
International Journal of Design and Nature – V. Elia, E. Napoli
Dissipative Structures in Extremely Diluted Solution of Homeopathic Medicines. A Molecular Model based on Physico-Chemical and Gravimetric evidences, 2010, Vol 5,N°1,39-48
Solid in the vial (zoom)
It seems that there is a new component !
Volume Effect
and
Ageing Effect
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
10
20
30
40
50
E /
S c
m-1
V / mL
Excess Specific Electric Conductivity vs.
Volume
V. Elia, L. Elia, E. Napoli, M. Niccoli “International Journal of Ecodynamics, Vol.1 No.4 (2007)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
200 ml
3 ml
5 ml
10 ml
E (
AA
10D
H)
(S
cm-1)
t(days)
Combined effect of Volume
and Age
P.Belon,V.Elia L.Elia,M.Montanino, E.Napoli,M.Niccoli
J. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ,2007, Vol.93(2), 459-469
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
0
10
20
30
40
5K
200K
30K
12K
6KS c
m-1
t (days)
AM - 5,6,12,30,200K - 600
Excess Conductivity vs time of AM 5,6,12,30,200CK
V.Elia,L.Elia,N. Marchettini, E.Napoli, M.Niccoli, E. Tiezzi Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2008, Vol. 93 (3), 100
Far-From-Equilibrium Systems.
«Dissipative Structures»
Tutto spinge ad ipotizzare, in
assenza di soluto chimico, la
presenza di aggregati di molecole
di acqua!
Strutture Dissipative
Per sistema dissipativo si intende
un sistema termodinamicamente
aperto che lavora in uno stato
lontano dall’equilibrio
di cui le celle di Benard sono un
esempio
Le celle di Benard descrivono
il moto di un fluido per effetto
convettivo quando gli viene
fornito calore dal basso.
E’ l’esempio dell’instaurarsi
spontaneo di un ordine in un
sistema caotico.
Celle di Benard
Fase Liquida
UV - Vis Spectra
200 250 300 350 400 450
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
AM 200 CH 1 ml, = 65 S cm-1
AM 200 CH 0.5 ml, = 69 S cm-1
Aspirna 9 CH, = 130 S cm-1
A
nm
V.Elia,G.Ausanio, F.Gentile, R.Germano, E.Napoli, M.Niccoli- Homeopathy 2014, 103,44-50
200 250 300 350 400 450 500
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Ab
s
wavelength / nm
--- IFW
----- INW
Elia V , Ausanio G , De NinnoA, Gentile F,Germano R, Napoli E, Niccoli M-Water 5, 2013 15-26
Elia V , Ausanio G , De NinnoA,Germano R, Napoli E, Niccoli M-Water 5, 2014, 121-130
The Effect of Filtration
Procedures on the
Sovramolecular Structure
of Water
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
S c
m-1
n° Filtrazioni(10mL)
R1 90-150 m
R5 2-5 m
R4 5-15 m
R3 15-40 m
R2 40-90 m
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
/S
cm
-1
n° Filtrazioni(25mL)
R1
R5
R4
R3
R2
V.Elia, E.Napoli – IC-MAST 2012,Vol. 495
0 50 100 150 200
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S c
m.1
n° Filtrazioni
10mL
1,2mL
2,5mL
5mL
R5
V.Elia, E.Napoli – IC-MAST 2012, Vol. 495
The Effect of Nafion on the
Sovramolecular Structure of Water
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0
2
3
4
5
6
7
pH
Log(
pH
Linear Fit
Equation y = a + b*x
Weight No Weighting
Residual Sum of Squares
1,45731
Pearson's r -0,9787
Adj. R-Square 0,9575
Value Standard Error
pH Intercept 6,09557 0,04303
pH Slope -1,19934 0,02316
y = -1,19934x+6,09557
R2 = 0,9575
V.Elia, E.Napoli,M.Niccoli-JTAC (2013), Vol.112, N 2
IR Solid State Spectroscopy
V.Elia,G.Ausanio,A.De Ninno,F.Gentile,R.Germano,E.Napoli,M.Niccoli, 2013, Water 5, 16-26
IR spectra for solid residues of
INW, IFW and water
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Mix 0.25; N305
F273
Abs
Wavenumber (cm-1)
V.Elia,G.Ausanio,A.De Ninno,F.Gentile,R.Germano,E.Napoli,M.Niccoli, 2013, Water Online
IR spectra for solid residues for
EDS, INW and IFW
Atomic Force Microscopy
(AFM)
INW Iteratively Nafionized Water
χ = 321 µS/cm Five Drops Control Pure Water
Five Drops
40003000200010000
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
X[nm]
Y[n
m]
29.69 nm
0.00 nm
GP 84
IFW Iteratively Filtered Water
Five Drops
Control Glass Powder
Five Drops
Arnica Montana 200CH χ = 273 µS/cm
Three Drops
Control Glass Powder GP 84
Three Drops
40003000200010000
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
X[nm]
Y[n
m]
29.69 nm
0.00 nm
Physics Letters A – Shui Yin Lo,Xu Geng,David Gann
Evidence for the exsistence of stable-water-clusters at room temperature and
normal pressure,2009
Hundreds Drops
Fluorescence Microscopy
INW Iteratively Nafionated Water χ = 200 µS/cm
Molecular Aggregates
in the liquid phase can be seen !
Aspirine EDS
Aspirine 12 CH χ = 94 µS/cm
V.Elia.G.Ausanio,A.DeNinno,F.Gentile,R.Germano,E.Napoli,M.Niccoli,2013 Homeopathy Online
IFW
Iteratively Filtred Water χ = 270 µS/cm
Thermogravimetry
Thermogravimetry is a method of analysis in which the product is continuous
record of changes in the mass of a sample, in a controlled atmosphere and as
a function of temperature or time. The result of the analysis is usually
expressed with a thermogravimetric curve that shows on the abscissa the
temperature or the time and on the ordinate the variation of mass as an
absolute value or percentage; this chart is also defined curve of thermal
decomposition.
Is the abundant element with 18 amu
deriving from the thermal decomposition
responsible of the total mass loss of the solid?
The abundant substance
from the thermal decomposition
with 18 atomic mass units
accounts for the total mass loss
of the solid.
Is it a new state of water ?
Conclusions
Thank you
for your attention