Volume 2 • Issue 1 • 1000156J Trauma TreatISSN: 2167-1222 JTM, an open access journal

Research Article Open Access

Arani, J Trauma Treat 2013, 2.1http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1222.1000156

Short Communication Open Access

Trauma & Treatment

Dinosaurs: Extinct or Traumatized?Mohammad Ghannaee Arani*Trauma Research Centre, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Mohammad Ghannaee Arani, Trauma Research Centre, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, E-mail: mohammadarani@yahoo.com

Received December 26, 2012; Accepted January 22, 2013; Published January 24, 2013

Citation: Arani MG (2013) Dinosaurs: Extinct or Traumatized? J Trauma Treat 2: 156. doi:10.4172/2167-1222.1000156

Copyright: © 2013 Arani MG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Keywords: Dinosaurs; Extinction; Traumatization

IntroductionHe is Who that created the heavens and the earth and what is

between them in six days, and He is established on the Throne of Power [1].

In 1842 the dinosaurs came into existence officially by the British anatomist, Sir Richard Owen [2]. The term ‘dinosaur’ was then coined by him deriving from the Greek deinos and sauros meaning terrible and lizard, respectively [3].

Understanding the exact history of the animals and dinosaurs in particular, has been always a concern tangling the minds of many since the matter was first exposed by the experts. Charles Darwin believed that the history of animal life on the earth written in the fossil record would support most probably this debate that small increments contributed to change. In his book On the Origin of Species he speaks about a connection so close and intimate from the beginning of life on earth that in the case the entire record is obtained, a perfect chain of life from the lowest to the highest organism is obtained [4]. Apart from Darwin’s hopeful conjecture, with the discovery of the Burgess Shale by Charles Wolcott, the best look was given at most animal body plans sometime more than 500 million years ago all of a sudden uncovered in the fossil records discovered [5].

Coexistence or NotHumanity was given dominion over all the lower creatures of the

earth [6].

Numerous explanations have turned up to put in plain words the coexistence of man and dinosaur and to elucidate the mechanism of the species’ dying out.

Reporting the discovery of human footprints along with dinosaur tracks found in the Paluxy River bed near Glen Rose, Texas by National History in its May 1939 issue; and discovery of cave paintings in Zimbabwe showing an elephant, a giraffe, and painting of an Apatosaurus [7], this evidence of human/dinosaur coexistence later led to more controversies ignited by the claim of a computer programmer analyzing the specimen that the human tracks found were not human, but portions of the dinosaur tracks being altered by mud-fill. Some did support forcefully the theory of evolution again and some others kept on a wait-and-see policy for further investigations. Some evolutionists, on the other hand, discredited the tracks and concluded that “man and dinosaur tracks in the same stratum, if verified, would seriously disrupt

conventional interpretations of biological and geological history and would support the doctrines of creationism and catastrophism.” [8].

Theologically speaking, in the Bible we are encountered with this account that land creatures including dinosaurs were all created on the same day as the human being and walked this earth in concert with him both coexisting [9], but dinosaurs and man probably lived in their own, separate areas, just like people and large, wild animals do today [10]. According to the holy Qur’an, process of formation of the universe is presented in brief:

Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, then we clove them asunder and we got every living thing out of the water? Will they not then believe [11]?

Jesus confirmed that mankind has existed “from the beginning of the creation”, so all kinds of living things were brought into existence in the same initial creation days which are six as Moses confirms as well [12]; and thus, this hypothesis that “the earth was peopled by oviparous quadrupeds of a most appealing magnitude, and reptiles were ‘Lords of the Creation’ before the existence of human race” [13] seems to be of a kind neither logical nor verifiable.

As far as this coexistence is concerned, in the book of Job 40, there seems to be an obvious reference to a specific animal, most probably dinosaur by the name of behemoth which is described as a grass-eater with great muscles that is very strong and moves his tail like a cedar tree. The creature that only it’s Maker dare approach him. “It is the first of God’s way; its Maker can approach it with his sword” [14]. What is concluded is that no creature on the earth fits the detailed description of behemoth in the book of Job 40.

What is understood from the contentions above is that despite breakthroughs claimed have been made in the so-called science

AbstractScientifically and evidently speaking, there is no doubt about, and disagreement in, the sudden disappearance of

dinosaurs’ species sometimes within the span of time. Paleontologists’ estimate for the dinosaurs’ life time does not match with the time given theologically for the creation of the earth. Anyhow, this study is targeted at relating dinosaur extinction to some blunt or penetrating traumatic events. The author is to provide evidences for the events weather naturally or due to an intentional act of God that were responsible for the nature- or God-induced traumatization of the species. Whatever the reason, there lies this certain fact that human race would not survive on the earth safe and sound if dinosaurs with their giant and custom-made bodies had not gone extinct. Thanks God for this naturally justified traumatization for the benefit of mankind.

Citation: Arani MG (2013) Dinosaurs: Extinct or Traumatized? J Trauma Treat 2: 156. doi:10.4172/2167-1222.1000156

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Volume 2 • Issue 1 • 1000156J Trauma TreatISSN: 2167-1222 JTM, an open access journal

territory, no definite and unchanging speculation is still accepted by all firstly concerning the exact process of evolution and secondly regarding coexistence of human and dinosaurs. Most of the claims are still pending and dependent on verifications to be done some day because the science seems to be still unable to support fully its theories in its own language.

DiscussionDinosaur extinction which is still far from understanding has

remained one of the most intriguing mysteries in evolutionary biology. Nevertheless, accumulating and various evidences have been offered in this regard. Some evidence suggests that “an abrupt change of environment, such as a long period of low temperature induced by asteroid hit or other disasters”, [15] and thus “because of a freak collision of the earth with a comet or meteor” [16] may be responsible for dinosaur extinction. The theory sounds reasonable, but the problem with the theory is that paleontologists have not yet found any dinosaur skeleton or fossil dating to the period of the impact. On the other hand, some evidence are present suggestive of the dinosaur extinction sometime before the meteorite hit [17].

Having this catastrophe theory had happened at all or not and regardless of the fact that many dinosaur species originated and went extinct at various times during the Age of Reptiles, there is an undeniable trauma in their history at the end of the Cretaceous. “It does appear that there was a major impact of an extraterrestrial body close to the time when the dinosaurs and ammonites died out and many other animal groups suffered trauma” [18].

Evidence of trauma in dinosaurs has been gained worldwide from their bones with fractures in various stages of healing. Since a healed or partially healed fracture is a matter that is quite distinguishable from postmortem damages to the bones, little evidence of healed injuries attributed to some type of trauma during life has been already revealed. As far as this traumatic procedure is concerned, only “isolated records of injuries such as fractures in the sauropod rib, a wound of the ilium and fractures of the basal tail of Camptosaurus, and an ischial fracture in Iguanodon” have been reported by the paleontologists. Studies conducted by Molnar et al. exposes that dinosaurs especially theropods experienced 25-27 percent of fractures in the forelimb and foot, respectively that were most probably due to their struggling with prey. Therefore, it is obvious that some behavioral activities were also responsible for trauma-related injuries in dinosaurs as Cott [19] mentions some examples of jaw injuries in the crocodilian fossils due to intraspecific combat.

Whatever the reason for dinosaur extinction be (comet impact, gigantic volcano eruption, climate change, or competition between dinosaurs and mammals), [20] there lie still two undeniable and fixed facts about the species. The primary one is that human and dinosaurs were contemporary [21] and of course the man has been engaged in such big particular problems as how to cope with those custom-made animals, where to find shelter from their nuisances, etc. Also, this possibility is not far from reach that the primitives should have most

probably used dinosaur flesh to survive and should have ridden or at least thought of getting rid of them for their convenience. The second basic fact about dinosaurs is that they died out anyway due to some traumatic event whether because of some biological process or as a result of unnatural disastrous phenomenon. Philosophically speaking, in both possibilities the role of act of God is traceable. What the reason be, the result has provided a blessing-in-disguise opportunity for the human race to lead a safer life in the wild life. On the other hand, every common sense can find explanation for the aforementioned act-of-God theory in the simultaneous and sudden disappearance of dinosaurs mostly at the same time in different parts of the world.

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Citation: Arani MG (2013) Dinosaurs: Extinct or Traumatized? J Trauma Treat 2: 156. doi:10.4172/2167-1222.1000156