D:INEE Urdu VersionFront-Back...

WðZ+Z~Z~uòßg‹qwÔ™dZyZzgg~yâÆaÀò(£gZ]

ZÐZŠ~ZgZWÐiZZ+ZÛZŠ6,ŒZq-Z(¬@ 800 ”Zzg 100(INEE ZÚZà(,Mzgu',ZñuòqÑ]),MzguìT~uòqÑ]~”Á½ÆhZzgdZyÆyâÆ¿ÃD¯äÆaßvï7ÿEN™»x™D

Xt,MzguuòqÑ]~(¥â]Ã¦ZzgSyÅF,−™äÔuòqÑ]ÐOW,{ZÛZŠÆa”Á½ÆhÃÛzrŠ¶ZzgZLZgZWzÑ»YÆâÎ¥â]Æ!*‡°{nŠáÃD¯ä»f)ŠZgìXZÚZà(,Mzgu',ZñuòqÑ]qw„~ú™Š{g8-¤/z\Æik,@Ze$»x™@*ì§-ZöZ}ÔÎZÑZòg$h½3ð GGwÔÎZÑZòZÑb',Zñ+Bºé EFyÔ**gzYÃ±',ZñC{¦/+Ô-CÔ-Z+ZÝÏMgÔ-&4iý EGZzg¬@JÆúÒzV6,Œ

ìXÐgZ‚™,: INEE '×h+¥â]Æa',ZÓ$!*ã

cÄ-CZi+gö

[email protected]

www.ineesite.org

Y2004 MðZ+Z~Z~'ISBN-1-58030-C34-0

Óx9)Ïî EN£tôpXSkÂ[ÆñZŠÃ»8gZV$)8þL"(Æ£tqÝp(£œÆaÂ[ÆqgY]ÃËÌ§jÐZEwHYYìXZ,ÓxQñgÆa!*‡°{ZYi]¢8¢zg~ìXtZYi]Àòîg6,š@*íŠ}Š~YCìXŠvßgÂV~SkÅÜc*Šz!*g{Zá®)ÔF,Àc*Z~.™äÆa8þL"Æqï**ÑÐ!ZYi]¢8¢zg~ìXuzgt£zk,:ÎZÑZòg$h½3ð GGw

g~em,ZMÔßy / H,MzS®):e~Zö6,.$

“This urdu edition of INEE Minimum Standards is published by UNESCO

Islamabad, Pakistan office in 2006. This is a translation from the English

edition of INEE Minimum Standards, first published in 2004 under the ISBN

1-58030-C34-0.”

]£tôp-CM~ÔZsxM!*ŠÔ0*Îy : QgŠzF,À

: gZ‚»g~: ®ZŠ: -

-CM~ÔZsxM!*ŠÔ0*Îy : **Ñ

DISCLAIMER

"This handbook was independently translated by the UNESCO Islamabad,

Pakistan Office."

z„¬gs

5 Àò£gZ]'''''''''''''''''''

16 ''''''''''''' ÓxŠgVÆaœuÀò£gZ] -1

20 ñ‹ÅÑ•)Ñ•Zzgz‚b('''''''''''' 28 )Y,{ÔZ!¿ÔôZãZzgøá('''''''''''''' ‹t

41 :Y,}»Û*zgu''''''''''''' 1 e 43 :uòßg‹qw~µ/È~:ßg‹qwÆ‹tÅ7,@*àz„' 2 e 48 :¥â]Å¦È~Zzg¢zgc*]»Y,{Ãgx''''''' 3 e

59 ''''''''''''''''' Xg‚ðZzg(âjw 2

74' ;Cz82.ç EGFH@*àz„''''''''''' :1e77' ½Zð6,z¤/Zx',ZñjwÅ7,@*àz„''''''' :2e

81 ½'''''''''''''''''' D+göZzg -3

98 '''''''''''''''' XZ‚E+{ZzgŠv’)Ïî0½ 4

109 :Ÿ$î E0ZÜt'''''''''''''' 1e111 ''''''''''''''' X(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~ 5

vY] 123 Z˜q]'''''''''''''' :1v

129 jZ!Y]Zzgâ~.Z]''''''''''' :2v 156 ZÖgÎ'''''''''''''' :3v 168 ''''''''''''''''''' 8àÃgx

(MSEE) ZKyŠz„egR,ÆgZÆZzgŠ*zm,Z]ÔÀò£gZ] (Sphere) Y,{ÃgxZzgsB¨Ð0'×h+Š*zm,Z]Ô©2.ç EGJ

Ô^©2.ç EGJ£gZ]Zzg-Z+ZÝÏWgÆgÉZßw',Zñ%½Æa$!*ãÛâ™qgzfszd$‚V$»5±™,:Xhttp://www.ineesite.org/standard/msee.asp

Àò£g]ÅÏe~gzxÌWðZ+Z~Z~Åzd$‚V$6,Šø7[ìX

¬gs:Àò£gZ]

Àò£gZ]~Zq-ÂZzgZdñÇ»ZŒÛZgáïì¬zyÆZq-zWZÅ545é EEGŠ§i»gÆfg)úŠc*ŠHìXSkÆ_.ÓxZÛZŠøwaÔâZyZzg!*ÚZ¾muòqÑ]Æ

6,ZÆãCŠ~£œÅ (Sphere) ŠzgZy½qÝ™ä»hgnpXSyÐ^©2.ç EJG?ÏƒCì**ãWÄZzg£ŠxÅzzÐaZƒäzZáZKãrT$~¶™äÆaÓxÂZŠZâ]ZVñYNZzgSk‚¢ÆOW,{ZÛZŠÃ³]zÂ−Æ‚Bi0+Ï¦/Zgä»hqÝƒX

Y,{

ÓxZÛZŠ½qÝ™ä»ãCŠ~hgnpXSkhÃ(,}×Z0+Zi~FŠ*zm,Z]ZzgY(;C{¦/eVÐ0.š 1948 .$h4ð EIEV~ÒyHŠHìX~£tZKã»¬@egR,)

(;çÙÔçÑCZzgpD IV Y(ŠzgZÈkBà-VÅ™«Ð™[8543ð EGEGZ.š) 1951)Y(Zzg¬@¯gx',Zñ( 1989 Y(;”VÆ£tÐ0.š) 1966 £tÆç@})

Y(áï8ðE÷÷½ƒÆaþþóó‰µ1VÆÛzrÆaÃáVX 2000 ÑÇ¿ÔeZ»g)

uòqÑ]Ô™rT$ZzgyâÅÃ@VÆŠzgZyŠ~YäzZà½i0+ÏXäZzgSÐ',ŒÛZggpp»:LkìXtZ¡w)£t»…™**(Zzg¢g)vy(ÐDÛZë™ÆZzg!*¥zŠ~uùVc*ZÝMðz~&Zi+iÆD+Zgu‰)b6,’ñi0+ÏÆãCŠ~â]í™Æ

5 Àò£gZ]

i0+7VÃôp¯CìXdZyÆŠzgZy!*<m”VZzg!*½VÆwÆjZáÐZq-ÑÇ¿ÔZPxZzgQyŠ}™QyÅi0+ÏÃ’ZzgŠzZx#ìXuòßg‹qw~Š~YãzZà½ßÍVÆŠŠ!*]Å‚;»æZzZ™äÔ'gÂVÃÛzrŠ¶Ô£ŠxÃ»™äZzgZð‡ì™ä~ÌæŠŠîìX

qD',ÎV~uòqÑ]ÐOW,{´V~gŠZzg)gŠ(6,z¤/ZñVÅúÅ¢zg]ÆjZáÐWÇ„~ZŸ†ƒZìX£òZzgÎZÑZòZKyŠz„ZªVZzg(ZŠZgzVÆ!*Z(gZÛZŠÅ»zØVÐÑÅV”VÔâZâVZzg!*ÚZÛZŠäZ.Š{HìX”w

½6,ic*Š{izgŠc*ŠHTÆË~ŠzZëQñgQ½™‚tWñ:

tZ‹ZsHŠHìuòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyZy´VÆg;›”w½ÆhÐ :1ŠSnŠZg7ƒ**eTZzgt½ÃZKyŠz„èZ™}ÆSàŠJg}ÐZµ

7HYYÉZÐ#bz‹ŠÅF,¶]~ZzAŠgz6,ÑiògƒÇX

zWZÅ545é EEGŠWgizq~ZzgzZÕÅ¯Y6,dZãßg]qwÆ²á~Ì½Æ£gÅ :2Zï[Æ¿Ã‡ìgÌ¢zg~ìX ÂR',ŒÛZggÔSkJ-g‚ðÃe¯**Zzg

Y~Y»g.V)zgå¤/z\(»Zq-¤/z{úŠc*ŠHTÆ 2003 SkÆZ!¿~ÛZø~uòqÑ]ÐOW,{´V~½Æ¬KÀò£gZ]‡ìgppÆaœ1]ÛZë™**åXZkZŠZxÅZ’ZYZÚZà(,Mzgu',ZñuòqÑ]äÅ¶XZZx{ÆZŠZgzVÆ,MzguÔZ+YZziÔZæZŠŠ¶zZáZŠZg}ÔOW,{W!*Š~Æ´&zgpZ&z|Z]Ô

&B©3¨4èGGGGEZzgŠvZÛZŠ”w½ÆhZzgdZyÆyâÆ¿ÃD¯äÆauò

6 Àò£gZ]

qÑ]ÐOW,{´V~ZN»x™DXt,MzguOW,{´º~%zzZŒgzZc*]ÔfgZùZzgïÃŠ™äZzgZyÅn™äÔZK×e$Æfg)OW,{ÂÆ!*°zVÆa

”w½ÆhÃÛzrŠ¶ÔZg»yZzgÑ»ñ»gÆâÎ¥â]ÆnŠ!ÃD¯ä»f)ŠZgfgZùÆ”w~0*ñYäzZá·z]Å¶K0+„™}ÇZzgZLÑ»ñ»g6, INEE ìXt

^ÆZg»yäúŠc*ìÔÆfg)Zyz‚bÆÛzrÅj, INEE ŒN*‹š&Z‚ÛZðÌ™}ÇX

SkgÉÂa~z{¬KÀò£gZ]7K‰zWF,xzg]»quÿL³X

ÐZ.Š{™ÆuòqÑ]ÐOW,{´V~½ÆÀò£gZ]úŠbYMhYZzgSkÆˆ¹Ð™r#wZÛZŠÆ‚Bï™(,}eä6,»xHŠHZzg 2003X

Sy£gZ]ÔZágZ]ZzggÉâFÃ'×h+4¯äÆaœ1]ÛZëÅI@*g‚ðÆÂ£gÃqÝHYñZzgg~yâÆZ’Zð%³Æa¢zg~‚iz‚âyÆZkã”wÃe¯c*YñXZkF,ªC¿ÆSàZbZÔòòVÔgc*„Æf~êZzg]´VÐ

z„}.â]ZzgWyÑíxzgC¤/z\Å INEE mgppzZáxzgCZŠZgzVÆdw™ŠZgÔY+$ÐñßwƒäzZà@Zc*]zF,µ]6,ŒX

Ðic*Š{ZÛZŠäZKZ¦ZŠZzgxzg]Æfg) 2250 ÐiZZ+´ÐmgppzZá 50

YÆŠzgZy 2004 Â£gZ]Ã4¯ä~ZC½7g™ŠZgZŠZHìX†g~Zzg#äegèVZÛiÔZ¨ÔÑHZ%kÔætzVZzg-g\6,”xzgCZŠZgzV~ WGMSEE

qzÎáïK‰X»m 137 ZKœ—ÅàNXZy´‡ðxzgCZŠZgzVÆa

˜´6,ŒZZx{ 51 OW,{W!*Š~ÔÎZÑZòZzg£ò)u»g~¡VÔÓäZŠZgzVZzg

7 Àò£gZ]

ÆZŠZgzVÆúÒzVÐåX´‡ðxzgCZŠZgzV~}.â]ÅuZxŠ„ÐIÔP™{˜´6,Œf~´‡ð 47 ÐiZZ+£òÔòZzg 110 ÆZg»yä INEE qzÎZzg

xzgCZŠZgzVÆ‚BgZ‚‡ìHXSkÆ´z{)u»g~¡VÔÓäZŠZgzVÔZZx{ÆÐiZZ+OW,{ñ4VÆúÒzVøwCÔZ‚E+{zŠvo 1900 úÒzVÔez3,iÔdZŠZgzVZzg

½Ðø»]¥xKZzgŠv¥â]qÝXXòZzg‡ðR6,ú0*äzZá£gZ]ÔÐ 100 ZágZ]ZzggÉâFÃqzÎä´‡ðxgz]~àg™1XSkÆ´z{

YÆñÌ¤/â~ 2004 ÆZŠZâ]Ã´‡ðÀò£gZ]Æîg6,áï™1ŠHX INEE iZZ+ÐiZZ+âCÙ+Ñq-ƒñ2Vä‹t™äÆˆ´‡ð 40 ƒäzZábz~Y,{~

£gZ]Ã¬K£gZ]~Š™ÆZq-ÃLÅßg]~Šgz¾wJ-àc*X

ÔZZx{ (EFA) (ÔeZ»gÛ*zgu',Zñ½ƒÆa CRC) ”VÆ£t6,Â{.šZzg©2.ç EGJ6,z',ZñZKyŠz„egR,ÅãCŠ6,Àò£gZ] (MDG) Æ

!5Ó454-ê GGEGJF,ªCZ@Zs‡ìK‰XÏWgÏÔZ*e~YÔZzgZ~ZpZ}‰ZŠZg}ƒÆa£g~½ÆhX

~uòqÑ]ÐOW,{ZÛZŠÌáïÔÆaWzZiZVDXtÂ(g‚ðÆÀò£gÆ”wÅÃ@VZzgZkhÅŠÆagfg=ZEwHY@*ìX

^©2.çEGJ6,zÆZKyŠz„egR,ZzgdZyÅßg]~Àò£gZ]T»ZZYZKy

Y~HåZzgSk»gí~gi+™ZkZzghwZÙ’q- 1997 ÆZq-¤/z\ä NGOs Šz„Ü°Ìáï‰XZ,Vä‹t™Æ¹ån„ÐOW,ZÛZŠZKyŠz„ZŠZgzVÐ

(Âa~ZKyŠz„egR,ZzgÀò Sphere) æŠÅÂµgpp~hO+$X©2.ç EGJ

£gZ]ÆãCŠ~ZbZY~ZKã£tÅãCŠ~¢zg'}£g~0*ãÅaðÔïÏW[»

8 Àò£gZ]

ÈznÔZâñpgzâl»DÔ½ZáZzgpgZuÅZæZŠÔg;öZzgOW,{£â]Å%#Ö»ZOxZzgãCŠ~¡ÅuZxŠ„áïìpZk~(}.â]ÅÛZb»f™7ìX

ZKyŠz„egR,ÅãCŠÎZÑZòZKyŠz„‡âyÔÎZÑZò‡ây',Zñ£tZKãÔ‡ây',Zñ@*gWzíz'+ÔZzgŸ‚ZÜt',Zñgi+™ZkZzg’q-hwZÙZzg)

WÄiŠ{´VÃZæZŠÛZë™CÔÆQßßVZzg0Z°6,g¿ˆ (NGOs) u»g~°ìXSkšg~QyãCŠ~QßßV»ÒyÌñŠìZK+MÅ#bz‹ŠÆik,ZOx#k»ñVÆZ°Å0*‡Zg~™DZzgtšgZLŠúîV»ÂZF,Æ‚BZ¬Š{™@*ìuòqÑ]ÐOW,{W!*Š~Å™«ZzgZæZŠ~ÃðÃ@*„:ƒXšgZkZ%»Ì»Ÿ™@*ìWÄ

iŠ{W!*Š~ÆZÛZŠÃ!*z‡gi0+Ï¦/Zgä»hqÝìXSkšg~gc*2VÃZKf)ŠZg~~&ZŒSäÅ@*NÅˆìXz{´ºXÆw<W:~',ugZyÐtÇg‹àYCìOW,{W!*Š~Æ+B©û GEZzgZæZŠ~gê7eZÑYñÇXZ¤/Zy´Æ!*Z(g©xOW,{W!*Š~Ã™«ZzgZæZŠÛZë™ä~**»xc*gŸq7ƒDÂZ+ßg]~Z¹Zk!*]»0*È¯c*Y@*ìZK+MÅ#bz‹ŠÆZŠZgzVÃOW,{W!*Š~ÆDZzgZæZŠÆa»x

™äÅZYi]Š~YñX

Àò£gZ]“ZEwKYN?

uòqÑ]ÐOW,{´V~Àò£gZ]Ãuòßg]~ZEw™äÆa»gHŠHìZzgt£gZ]uòßg]qwÐ.ëZzgZK+MÅ#bz‹ŠÆK~!»g~Zzg@*NÆaÌÆƒDXZy»Z:tMZÄA;ïEXGßg]qw~ƒ@*ìX~ŠgCWÃ]

9 Àò£gZ]

Zzg©£ŠxáïXZkÂ^~þuòqª)Z\Ò(ÃZq-ÀòZ˜bÆîg6,ZEwHŠHìŠz(,}zWñç¬]Zq-ŠgCWÃ]ZzgŠzu~ë{uòßg]qw»Zq©™CìXSyÅzŸs#qgzfsì:

ŠgCWÃ]~Švn„Æ´z{îÃãW0+SZzgÖÔi²áÔµZzgc[áïXi²á /QyŠgCWÃ]Æfs~ÑgKYD%Ë!Z:qÆŠgWDTÆ

³~OW,{´‘Æ‚B‚B¤/ŠzâZb~…zZá!*°}Ìn„ÐŠzegƒYD

XŠvWÃ]}µTÆWU*gW×W×%ŠZgƒDZzgZÛZŠÃ¬ÐZˆkƒY@*ìX@*ëtuòßg]qwÌ7Vn„ÅqïƒCìX

ë{uòßg]qw~z{n{»gc*VáïµâqZKyÅZipŠaZ™Š{Ô /ZÒ#£ŠxZzgà~Zð¬)Å)−jßg]qwÆ³~%ŠZgƒCZzgZ¤/t‘ŠgCWÃ]ÐŠzegƒYñÂZ+ßg]~qÑ]ZzgÌic*Š{ÂƒYD

XZkâqÅßg]qw~ZÛZŠÅYyzâwÃç{Šg7ƒ@*ìÔZzgZk§bW!*Š~ÆZÛZŠÆDÔplqàZzgz‡gÃç{ÑhƒY@*ì‰ŠgCWÃ]ZzgZKyÆZLaZ™Š{)bZzg©£ŠxX

YÐâpf”{=%]óó 2001 þ÷÷ZÚD¢Š~SgyZÑbÔ

SkÂ^~ÛZë™Š{¥â]¬Ðð”{Z°zçZ*ÅãCŠ6,F,KM7Š~ˆXÀò

10 Àò£gZ]

VwÆîg6,_Ô',ŠZg~Ô£ò!*Z(g†]Ô ) £gZ]ÃZ4]ÐmgppzZáZÛZŠziZgCZ−gÔuâtzZæZŠÛZë™äzZáZŠZg}ZzgcgWæ™ZäzZáZÛZŠz){(Å¥â]ÅãCŠ6,%A$HŠHìXZyÆ¬zyÐuòßg]qwÐ.ëÆaZq-§i»gzŠ~Ñc*ŠHìTÅæŠÐŠ*½~š@*íyâ»âjwaZHY@*ìXt£gZ]òÓáVÔŠvZŠZgzVÔòc*ÎZÑZòZªVÃgÉðÛZë™DZ¹uòßg‹qw~¾§bZŠZâ]Zzg(6,z¤/ZxÑzq™äecXñ‹ÔÓáVÔŠvZŠZgzVZzgZKyŠz„»g.V

ÆaZ,£gZ]úŠØYDúZxÅ¥ô™Š{(¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™ÃX

N*ìÛ*

N*ìÛ*)uZz‡](T~Àò£gZ]Ã',zñ»gÑc*Y@*ìÔSk»ic*Š{F,Z®gqÑ]zzZu]6,ƒ@*ìXuòqÑ]~¯g~ZŠZâ]Ðá™g~yâJ-ÆÓx%Zi~ÔSy»Z:tuòßg‹qwÆzWŠZ],Ò»g~ƒ@*ìZzgZßvZ¹ZL»x~ÑDXSk

Âa~ŠØ‰ZágZ]»Z:tîg6,Zq-ßg‹qwc*CÙZq-ÛŠÆae7ƒ@*XPZq-£gZ]ZzgºmZágZ]Æ”wÆa‹Ô¹©‚wÌµMhX‰ßgÂV

~Àò£gZ]ZzgZágZ]ÃÛzãZæZŠÅ¢zg]Æ%ÌqÝHYYìX´z{Zi,(ZŠZgzVZzgZªVÆa¢zg~ìz{Zy£œÆ”wÆaM:~¬zyzZ·Zu

™,XSy£gZ]ZzgZágZ]»Z:t™Dz‰ÜÓxZŠZgzV»SyÆÎfZzg4}òÆ”wÆZq-N*ìÛ*6,Z·tgZñ‡ì™**¢zg~ƒ@*ìX

Àò£gZ]Ã¾§b',zñ»gÑN?

11 Àò£gZ]

ä¹Ð!543ð GEJwZzgIw„»gÅ NGOs ÎZÑòZªVZzg)u»g~ZŠZgzVuòqÑ]Zzgg~yâÅÃ@VÆK~(Ô;CZzgçÑCu¤/ñVÆZUƒVÐ¾§bkCYñÔSkÆ!*g}~igÉðÛZë™CXSyZŠZgzVÆ‚B‚B

ziZg]½ZzgŠv(ZÛZŠäÌ£g~(6,z¤/ZñVÃúŠ¶ZzgZ¹`äÆjZáÐÇài)gÉÃ(Zzg0*åV»gÅXtÂ^Z‡VÐ0Õ<VZzg6,z¤/ZñVÅúZzgÎf6,FF¬]ÂÛZë7™@*ptÀò£gZ]»Zq-ÃLÔ&45é ENEGŠ~ZágZ]ZzggÉâF¢zgÛZë™@*ìTÐ½Æˆ~ZVñYäzZáZKyŠz„ZŠZâ]»è¸ì(6,z¤/ZñVÅF,¹ÔQyÆÎfZzgö2Ó#ÖZzgñ‹ÅZæZŠ6,Œ

ŠgV~7HŠHìqgzfs: 5 XSyÀò£gZ]Ã

Skv~ñ‹ÆÑ•ÆSà ÓxŠgVÆaœuÀò£gZ]: /UƒVZzgSkÂa~ŠØ‰£gZ]ÆZ:tÆa£òz‚bÆZEw6,izgŠc*ŠHì´z{Zi,SkZ%ÃÌD¯c*ŠHìuò(ZŠZâ]ÅãCŠZq-Z’ZðY,}6,gDbecoƒgŠ¿Ô!hÒhÿ NôZãZzgøá»qïƒX

Ñ•6,ÂzŠïƒñ(ñZµZzgÎZwYCgZÆÃ g‚ðZzg(âjw: /ÛzrŠb}¡Ô0*ãÔÌðÔ½ZðZæZŠÔ½ZáZzgg;ö2DZzgKãÔ[Zzg

;C4~~ZŸ†™**X

qgzfsãCŠ~ÁÜ6,ÂzŠbXÐ!íW,D+göZzg½ÃÛzr D+göZzg½: /

12 Àò£gZ]

XY,{ 4 X½ 3 XF,šM 2 X»[ 1 AX

½øw½CÔZN[ÔÑZ$ûJL5i#ÖÔôZãZzgZæZŠÆˆ Z‚E+{ZzgŠv’)Ïî0½: /~ZKãz‚bÆZOxzZ¾Zx6,ÂzŠbX

0*Œ‚i~Ôzä‡âyÔµ/È~ÔÎfZzggZ‚»g~ (0*ŒZzg!*bgZ‚: /6,ÂzŠbX

£gZ]ZzgZágZ]ÆâÎÛtÀò£gZ]ÅãCŠZkZßw6,g¿ˆìOW,{M!*Š~Ã³]zÂ−Æ‚Bi0+Ï¦/Zgä»h

qÝìXZ¹(g‚ð»Àò£gÛZëHY@*ìZzguòßg‹qw~Q¹ZKyŠz„ZæZŠŠø7[ƒCìCÙÒpÐ£g~Zzg¬KƒCìZzgCÙZq-âjwÆa‡.Þ¿

ÌƒCìXCÙZq-£gÆaãCŠ~ZágZ]Z+´â]ƒCXÐè¸ìèÃg{£gÃqÝ™1ŠHìXQyÃ6,z¤/ZxÆ@*W,)}ò(Æ‚B‚BQyÆ§i»gZzgZšrÆagfg=ZEwHY@*ìpZ{z{lZg~ƒVc*£g~XãCŠ~ZágZ]Æ%Àò£gZ](ZgZŠ}ÆÎZ¼Zzg7ƒDqiY)z**¹Âƒ@*ìXZßg‹qw~èÃg{£gZ]»Z:t™Dz‰ÜCÙZq-!*[~ŠØ‰Sàï]Ð0gÉÃæÃgecXX~F,Á)bZzg)]Æi»tg{ñŠìZzgtqDEx~0*ñYäzZáZ%°$©î EG0ÃÔpÐiqQñgZzg·z]ÃÌik,cÑDXgÉâF»SàãCŠ~ZágZ]Ð(,ZZmƒ@*ìZzgQ~gZÆÅ¶K0+„ÌÅYCìXZágZ]ÃågÉðÆâF

Æ‚B5™7,−ecX

tÌc*Šg¹¢zg~ìÓx~VÆŠgxyZq-!*bg*Zzgmƒ@*ìZzgËZq-v

13 Àò£gZ]

~Òy™Š{Àò£gZ]ÃKÆaZ¹Šzu}~VÆÒy™Š{£gZ]ÅgzÝ~Š9ecñizVgÉðÆâFŠv´£gZ]ÔZágZ]c*gÉâFÆgzZ*Å¶K0+„

™DXSyÁÜÃZq-e{v~ik,cÑäÅOñèÃg{£gZ]~áï™1ŠHìX

!-A)ÏîEE)b

Àò£gZ]ÅúÆŠzgZyFZë)bÒy™ä~¹ZôoÐ»x1Y@*ìXSy»ZKyÔ”VÆ£tÔÔM!*Š~Æ£¾Ñ•ÔZÝMðz~&Zi+iÔmzg~Zzg°xDÐmƒ@*ìX

ŠZ],{»gZzg7åNzŠZ~V~ŠØ‰£gZ]Åw7åENZÇ:7ƒCÉtZq-Šzu}Ð!*bîg6,%1oƒDX@*ë¬@£gZ]ÅúZzgZyÆiÎf~**¦/k,uJ-Zq-¡~Úƒ0*c*Y@*ìYèCÙZq-çA»(tzòtåZƒ@*ìXZÏzzÐZ,£gZ]Å»g~Æa¬@F,ªC§T»gÃZEw~Ñc*ŠHìT~ZZKyŠz„»g.VÔZ‚E+{ÔÓáVÔ

(ZŠZgzVÔÎwÎ‚ÌZzgOW,ZÛZŠÅzWZÅ545é EEGŠDÑ•áïìX

‰ßgÂV~£òÁÜZyÀò£gZ]Zzg&45é ENEGŠ~ZágZ]Ã**‡.Þ”w¯ŠïXZ#Z+ßg]qwƒCìÂÂa~ŠØ‰£gZ]ZzgZágZ]ÆâÎÛtZzgÇŠ"Ã

¢zgÒy™,XZkÛtÅz;]CNZzg£gZ]Æ”wÆaÃyÏp´VÅYãecÔZkÅÌzŸs#™,X

14 Àò£gZ]

(ZKyŠz„egR,Óx(gŠ¿Æ])b»i7Éz{ Sphere Àò£gZ]Zzg©2.ç EJG)ZKyŠz„ZŠZgzVÔÓáVZzg£òM!*Š~Ã(çz-$Æ£gZzgZÃŠe$~ZŸ†™äÆ

aZq-§T»gCDXÆË~Ë‚¢ÐOW,{ZÛZŠÅi0+7V~Zq-zZãÛt¥zúƒ@*ìX

15 Àò£gZ]

16 ÓxŠgVÆaœuÀò£gZ]

XÓxŠgVÆaœuÀò£gZ] 1

¬gsSkv~bZ‚Ï£gZ]ÒyG‰SkÂa~Òy™Š{ŠvŠgV»Ñiò8~î O

XgŠ¿Å 4 XZ’ZðY,{ 3 X£òz‚b 2 Xñ‹ÅÑ• 1 Xt£gZ]Šg`fs:Xñ‹ÅÑ•)Ñ•Zzgz‚b(Zzg 1 XøáXS¹Šzf~¤/z7V 6 XôZãZzg 5 Õi

X‹t)Y,{Ôg›¿ÔôZãZzgøá(ÆÄZ**]Æ7HŠHìXÒy™Š{£gZ]ÆÎf 2

ÐZKã£tÆ¬Zzgñ‹ÆZgZWg‚ðZzg(âjwÔ½ZzgD+göÔZ‚E+{ZzgŠvo½Ô(0*ŒZzgxzg]‰‡V~£gZ]Æ”w»pZ[Ñq{™MhX

ÎZÑZòZ2J-g‚ðCÙ¿Ã½Æ”wZzgZKã£tÉZq-%æFNz‡gZzg!*³]i0+Ï¦/Zgä»hqÝìXZKã£tÆ¬Åf)ŠZg~ìz{ZKã£tøwhÑ•Ô°xZqÐiZzg¥â]J-g‚ðÆZKã£tŠßZä~æŠÛZë™,X»ÎZÑZòZKã£tÔZKyŠz„Zzg

(ÆZKyŠz„egR, Sphere Project '+ÆZ2»Ÿ™DX©2.ç EGJ6,Z)ZzgWÃ]ÐgµÆa‡ìÎZÑZòhwZÙÔgi+™Zk’q-Zzg)u»g~¡VÆa

Ÿ‚ZÜt~ZKyŠz„ZŠZg}ZLW\ÃSyOW,{ZÛZŠÆ‚tZ$+{IZDSyÅæŠÆÔÇgƒDXÀò£gZ]çz-$ÛZë™äÆjZáÐSyZŠZgzVZzgZÛZŠÅf)ŠZg-V»ç™DX

ÓxŠgVÆaœu£gZ]ÅZÌt!*]Z•ðZëì}vÅ§s(,"ÐIñ‹ÅÑ•Zzg‹tÆ0tv¬7,JYñXYèŒVÒy™Š{£gZ]Zq-Z(ÂxúŠïT~ÓxÀò£gZ]áïƒDXËÌnÆuòqÑ]ÆÓx%Zi~(eð»¦™**ZzgSy»‹t™**(,ZZëƒ@*ìXdZyÆM¸i„~z‚bÔ¢zgc*]Zzg·z]Å¶K0+„™ãec@*6,z¤/ZxZzgz‚bÃñizVZ0+ZiÐF,KMŠc*YnX

uòqÑ]~!íW,(6,z¤/ZxWÃ]ÐOW,{M!*Š~Å¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™ÃÔSkÅãCŠM!*Š~Æ:©ÅzZãƒ6,gDbecZ’ZðY,}dZyÅâÎZzgM!*Š~6,SkÆZW,Z]»Y,{7™,XOW,+ÅZ¦ZŠZzgŠø7[£òz‚bÅÙ|#Æ‚B‚BQyÅ

¢zgc*]Ô$zg-VZzg¢zg~}.â]ÅÛZb~qbg»zIV»Y,{1Y**ecX6,z¤/ZñVÃ!íW,¯äÆauò(Y,}~:ÜsOW,{ñ‹ÃáïHYñÉ£òÓ#ÖZzg(Zzg)()b6,»x™äzZáŠzu}ZKyŠz„¬ÃÌáïHY**ecX

SyY,zV~M!*Š~ÆÓx4]ÆagŠZzg)gŠ½ŠzâVÃæÃgecX½ÃŠzu}‡V‰uÔè<ØÔgzZîZ+ÔYgÎxÔ(ÏZzggKÆÁÜc*Âx»gc*MäzZáqÑ]Ðe{7HYYXuòqÑ]ÆZW,Z]ZzgZò[»‹tZ•ðZëìXZ¤/)bÃŠg„Z0+ZiÐŒZzgZyÅÙ|#7ÅYñÏÂSy»ñizVi**eÂ71

Â¢zgƒY@*ìXZ[c*g›¿»Z®gºmÁÜ6,ƒ@*ìT~¬ÅZ¦ZŠÔSà'g'ÔPÅuzŠÔ´ºZzgqÑ]ÅœS:]Ô6sZzgIzZßVÆgK˜]áïXŒVÒy™Š{g›¿Æ£gZ]tzZã™äÅ¾nÐF,KMŠØ‰þ÷L¾ä“HHóóX


Z#Zq-!*gËñizVg›¿»ç™1Y@*ìÂQZkÆZ@Z°ÂxÃ‡ìHY**ec¬ÃšZqÐiZzg¢zg]Æ_.)Y—Zg§jÐçz-$ÛZë™}X

¥â]¦™äZzgZy»‹t™äÆaôZãÆÂxÃZ’ZY„~‡ì™**ec@*Z@ZsÅ7gÄZzgœ/œ$+sƒñÚø~´6,z¤/Zx»ÚY,{1YnXg›¿ÆŠzgZyZzgMy~ÅYäzZàøáÔ6,z¤/ZxÆŠzgZ6ÃæÃgnpƒñzMzMÐ™ãecX'×h+',MVSÐ6,z¤/ZxÅù¦ZW,Z]ÆçZzgQy!VÅ¶K0+„Ì™ãec@*w~Z,6,z¤/ZñVÃ4¯c*YnX™xyZ(gZzgIzZßVÃ7,@*wÆœ¿~dw™ŠZgZŠZ™**ecXôZãZzgøáÆÓx§i»gÔÑ]Zzgq&]Ã™sZzgËsƒ**ecZzgZ¹ÓxnƒäzZáZÛZŠZzgŠzu}™xyZ(g~QyÅgK6,õMK%Ô„

™**ecX‰qÑ]~¥â](Ïc*YzpDÒpÐˆkƒC®Z¦”{eðZzgŠv¥â]ÃZôoÐgecX

uòqÑ]~!íW,(6,z¤/ZxÅãCŠdZyÐOW,{ñ‹Ãåîg6,KZzg6,z¤/ZxÅF,KM~SkÅdwËq6,gDbecX÷÷ñ‹ÅÑ•óóÅZ˜bQy§i;ñ»gZzgŠvu¤/ñVÅ§sÂzŠÑCìT~OW,{M!*Š~Æ_.!*]zìÑ]Ã_5é NEY@*ìÔZ¹ê‚i~Æ¿»8~î O¯c*Y@*ìZzg(ç5]~',Z{gZ„ZŠZâ]™äÆ‡.Þ¯c*Y@*ìXñ‹ÅÑ•ÆZŠgY]ƒDXäc*IÁËqÔxzg]ZzgåÑ•XaèåÑ•»”wuòqÑ]~ZÒÂìÔSkauòqÑ]~½Æaxzg]Àò@sƒ@*ìZzgåÑ•My~ÑX

…Š/tC@*ìIÁÑZ•Ãðîq7ƒCZzgt£g~ZzgŠk,0*6,z¤/Zx½™ä~)!íW,gSìXg›¿ÆY,}Ôµ/È~ÔÎfÔZOxZzgg›¿ÅôZã~OW,{M!*Š~ÆZg»yÅ


Ñ•ic*Š{Ðic*Š{ƒãec@*g›¿Åñiz+MÔ@*|Zzg£gÃD¯c*YnX'×h+',MVñ‹Å½7gÑ•Ðñ‹ÆSà()bZzgZyÆiÅÕ<V»è¸ìXñ‹ÅÑ•£òz‚bÅÙ|#ZzgZ¹Ãu™äÆaÕiÔZ·tgZñZzgçz-$»ZOxÌ™CìXñ‹ÅÑ•ÐÇZzg0*GZgîg6,Z¹!*Z(g¯äÆ¿Æ´z{SyÅ&—V~ZŸ†™**Ìáïƒ**ecZzgZkÅãCŠ¬ÐYg~Ã@V6,gDbecX

g›¿~Ñq-ÁÜÆŠgxyDZzg¥â]ÆnŠá»Âxƒ**¢gz~ìTÐ)bÐÀòWÇ„ZzgZŠZgzVÆâÎñW,gZÆ»”weƒnXeð¦™äZzgZy»‹t™äÆ£g~ÂxZzg§i»gÅF,zóƒãecXSkÐ¥â]M‚ãÐŠ*zm,0YCÔZy»nŠ!ƒY@*ìZzgZyÅZá®)ÌƒCìX

tZKâÎÆZ±gÐ£g~ƒDZzg(g›¿ÅÛZbÆaÀò Àò£gZ]:R»ç™DX

t÷÷´â]óóCCMc*èÃg{£gqÝ™1ŠHìXt6,z¤/ZxÆ ã~ZágZ]:ZW,Z]Zzg}òÆ‚B‚BZEwKYäzZá¿Zzg§i»gÃYiZzgZk»Zšr

™ä»fg=ÌÛZë™CXSy~£gZ]ZzgZágZ]ÃZqÑ]~**Ç™äÆaºmï]Ôi)]Ð gÉZßw:

.ëÆagÉðZzgF,Áç5]Æazm,áïƒCXSy£gZ]ZzgZágZ]Ð0Zë)b~jZ!Y]ÅZq-ZN!z„ 2 ZzgqD¥â]Æ§ŠZ]ÔÚi¬]c*·z]ÃÌÒyHY@*ìXt.0î E

G

áïƒCìT~ZkvÆÀòZzgSà})bÐ0¥â]ÆfgZùƒDX


ñ‹ÅÑ•

2 £gXz‚b

(6,z¤/ZxZzgŠv(u¤/ñVÆÎfÆa£òñ‹Æz‚bÅ¶K0+„ÅYCì

ZzgZ¹',zñ»gÑc*Y@*ìX

1 £gXÑ•

uòqÑ]ÐOW,{W!*Š~ÆZgZW(6,z¤/ZxÆY,}Ôµ/È~ÔÎfÔÔôZãZzgøáÆ¿~½7gzfeX

jZ!Y]Zzgâ~.Z]Çà 2 eXv',Zññ‹Ñ•


:Ñ• 1 ñ‹Ñ•»£guòqÑ]ÐOW,{ñ‹ÆZgZWY,}Ôµ/È~ÔÎfÔôZãZzg(6,z¤/ZxÅøáÆ¿~½7gzfeX

)ZÐgÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágZ]dZyÐOW,{W!*Š~ZLÉúÒzVÆfg)(u¤/ñVÅF,¶]ð™ä /Zzgµ/È~™ä~zsgSì@*(6,z¤/ZxÅñ*.çJIF,−ÃD¯c*Y

(X 1-5 n)Š¶gÉâF

(X 6 aZzgâZy(u¤/ñVÅF,¹ZzgÎf~áïƒD)Š¶gÉâF /ñ‹Zmw(u¤/ñVZzgZyÆP»YWe^™äÆnê) /

(X 7 ™Cì)Š¶gÉâF

(u¤/xVe%Æn”VZzgâZâVÉñ‹ÆŠzu}Zg»yÆn /(X 8 F,šMZzg&¢A(,JäÆñZµƒD)Š¶gÉâF

gÉâF

Àò£gZ]~Z˜b÷÷ñ‹ZmwóóZk (6,z¤/Zx~ñ‹ÅúÒÏ: X1

wÅ§sZág{™CìZq-ñ‹Å(¢zgc*]Å¶K0+„™CìZzgœˆVÔ£òZªVÔÎwÎ‚ÌZÁÏZ:Ôñ‹Å¡VÔâZâVZzgúgÂVÆ¤/zƒVÆ‚B‚BZ‚E+{ZzgIzZßVÅæŠÐZy)bÐ3ë»Èzn™CìXZq-ñ‹ZmwÅf~ÌVƒ$ËXÆZg»yZkÅú~úÒÏ™DX‰ç5]~Ôñ‹ZmÌV½ÆZq-„µ"Åf)ŠZg


ƒCZzg‰ç5]~Zq-´º~Yg~Zq-ÐiZZ+6,z¤/ZñVÆÛZøerX

uòqÑ]~{0+ZyÔñ‹ZzgjwÆgzZ*(âjwÅ4~ZzgZOxÆau6,2VÅÑ•Ð¢o¯ñYMhX{0+ZyÔñ‹ZzgjwÆ / zZ−+

©]»eJçÑZÇZzgxzgCZ0+Zi~»gHYñX¸Zßwñ‹ZmˆVÔZ‚E+{ZÁÏZ:Å4~Æ‚B‚B£òqÑ]Zzg)bÐ3ëÆn / zZ−+

ZVñ‰SàZŠZâ]6,ÌÑÍƒ@*ìXñ‹6,FFÎaeJ‘úŠ¶ZzgñŠ{eJ‘¢o¯ä~æŠ™}Ï£òpÄZzg(gzZc*]»ZZx™CZzg£™äÆa£òÂx»g™CìX

ÅúÒÏ~£òZ+YZziÔèIZŠZgzVÔúgÂVZzg±YVÔ : ñ‹Zmw X2

ñ‹ÔXVÔÓx/ÆZÛZŠ‰¤/z7VÅËqƒãecXZk»ZN[Zq-/g~Z0+ZiÐƒ**ecXyâÆ%µ~ZmwÃu»g~ZŠZg{c*ÅwÐ

ŒYñX˜Vñ‹ZmˆV‰ZŠZg}Zk§iÆ»x™gìƒVÔz;VZyÆáZi~ZŠZg}‡ì:GYNX

ñ‹ZmwáZiyƒãecZzgZk~Ô/Ô#ÔèIZzgY¤/zƒV»„7OW,{W!*Š~Æ)b»@Ìƒ**ecXúgÂVZzg±YVÃñ‹Zmw~)z~úÒÏ»¢ŠÑ™Z7F,¹~',Z',»zŠZg¯**.e$ZëìX

Å™sîg6,zŸs#ƒãecZzgñ‹Ã ¸Z°Zzgf)ŠZg-V ñ‹ZmZg»yÆa X3

¯g~½ƒãecXZk~qgzfsáïƒäe454è XGGpZyJ-özŠ7ƒ**ec:


´)bÃik,cÑäZzgŸ™äÆn!*‡°ÏÐZ°k Dñ‹Z°ÎVÅgzŠZŠÔhVZzgñ‹Æâ1]»gkgeg DpDÒpÐŠg„¦gŠb)EŠZgjwrgÔ(6,z¤/Zx»»[ñ‹ÆÚø DZzgZkÆZgZWÅËq»?kƒ(X

c*¸òZzg£ò©xZm6,z¤/ZxZzg / ñ‹Ð!*]’A™ÆZm6,z¤/ZxZzg Dñ‹Zg»y~4©]‡ì™**X

Óxu»g~Zzg)u»g~ZªVÃW: (g›¿úŠ¶~ñ‹ÅËq: X4

~5ƒ™Z,ÂxúŠbe454è XGG(g›¿úŠ¶~ñ‹ÅÑ•ÃD¯NXtÂx¬ŠyÐZ’Zðg›¿ÆÑixbzƒäe454è XGGZzgZ7!~Ð»gWæ¯äÆnÑZÇ§i;ñ»gZ(gGYäe454è XGGX

–qf~¤/zƒVÅg~(¢zgc*])aÔZyZzg!*Ú( DŠø7[ZÛZŠ~]Zzgz‰ÜÆ‚B‚BâàZzgâŠ~z‚b Df~¤/z7Vøw—ã¤/zƒVÆŠgxywÅÂx»g D

½Ænôp£â]ÔZzg gKÅuzŠD DYyXäzZá(â]ÃuòqÑ]Ðgµ0*äÆÓxUîVÐ D

6,‹c*C£g 36 Ô™5 6,gÉâF 35 Ô™2 %1o™äÅÕqV)‹c*C£gÌŠ¶(X 2 6,(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~£g 118 Zzg™ 3

ñ‹Zzgñ‹Zmw(u¤/ñVÅµ/È~ZzgZy £ò½»Z½öy: X 5

ÅF,¶]»ç¬RÐ™$ËìdZyÐOW,{W!*Š~!*<mçZ]ÆDg¤/zƒVÅ¢zgc*]Å?ÏƒXZkµ/È~»â°ñ‹6,FF(µ/¿ì


gŠZzg)gŠ(}.â]Zzg6,z¤/Zx»£g4¯äÆneJçúŠêìXZq-(µ/¿ÆZq-ÐiZZ+£œƒMhX@*ëZy~Šg`fsï]áïƒVp¡ZyJ-özŠ:g:¬~tœ¦g‡ì™**I»âjww~Hßg]Z(g™YìZzgZk D»ZÖgu¤/ñVÔZágZ]ZzgZ@ZsÆfg)HYñX¬ÆŠgxyIÆâjwÆºmUîV~4~ÆnZ·tgZñ‡ì™**X DZ@ZsÆ‚BZq-µ/¿F,KMŠbTÃÓx¬äHg{z‰ÜJ-7gZ™**ƒ D@*µ"~Š‰Z@ZsqÝGYÃX

£ò(µ/¿ÃçzyZªVÔñ‹ZmˆVZzgZm6,z¤/ZxÆZg!*[Z(gÉÓxã~¬»™ŠZgzZã™**ecXZ½öy~Zq-Ÿ‚ZÜtÌ½HY**ec@*!*‡°ÏÐôZãZzgY,{heÆ‚B‚Bñ‹ÅzW

Ñ•»×‡ìg3YnXZk~µ/È~Ô”VÅ™«ÔçZ]ÆDg¤/z7VÐmgppzZà±YVÔpZ&Zzg%ŠzVÅÑ•ÃF,zóŠbÔD+g+Zzgiu¤/ñV»ÎfÔôZãÔY,}Ôz‚b»ZEwÔÛzãZªVÆ‚B¬zyÔ6sÅ½CZzgF,šMÔZÐZ7šÅŠN¸wÔ¡ÔÌðÔ½ZáÔ0*ãÅaðZzgïÏW[Æ

áïƒMhXt!*]¹Zëìñ‹ÆÓxZg»yÃ¥â]J-g‚ðƒ@*z{ñ‹ZmwÃzm,Š}Ã(6,z¤/ZxÃË§bñ*.çJI¯c*YYì

6,(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~£g 120 Zzg™ 2 6,Z‚E+{ZzgŠv(o£g 104 )™ÌŠ¶(X 3

zZVWgç 13 ”VÆ£t6,ZZx{Æ.š» (u¤/ñV~”VÅÑ•: X6


Z7thŠêìz{i0+ÏÃ',Z{gZ„OW,™äzZáçA~ZKgZñ»ZÖg™,@*!*Úƒ™f)ŠZgc*VewÃXtWgçdZyÅqª~CÙa6,ÑÍƒ@*ìX

½½™äÆÂx~4~ÑäZzgZÐ`ä~!*Ú¥áïƒäe3454è XGJGX”VÅF,šMZkÕ6,ÅYñz{ZKZzgŠzu}”VÅ™«Ì™

ÃXF,šMZk!*]6,izgŠîìz{çÑ}~µ™ŠZgZŠZ™,Zzgp~»W¸i™,X!5Õä IMMjwÅu¤/ñV~4~Ænˆzm,Š,c*(âjw~ƒä

Zzg 2 6,g‚ðZzg(âjw»£g 68 zZàic*ŠCÅg7g^™,ZzgZkÐƒ)™ÌŠ¶(X 3 6,Z‚E+{ZzgŠv(o£g 106™

uòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyKYäzZá»ñV)ª”VZzgâZâVÆamu¤/ñVÅÛZb(~”VÃáïHYYì!*<mñ‹ÅZëu¤/ñV~Zy”VÃzsHYñjw7YDXZkÐZ7xZzg©¤/zƒVz){ÆtZW,Z]ÅOñµgZ{6,½Å’q-AÏX

ÔYãCŠzV6,(6,z¤/ZxÆY,}XZyÆZZŠ»ÑZKãÔâà YWe^ X7

ZzgâŠ~C»Y,{¢8ZzgZkZ%Å¶K0+„™**ì¾qÅ¢zg]ìZzgHŠø7[ì2Šzu}UîVÆ‚B‚B6,z¤/ZxÆñ*.çJIƒäÅôZã™ãìX

dZyÆW¸ic*Šgxãæ]ÆŠzgZyYWe^™**åe7ƒ@*XpZq-%ûZ#uòqªLƒYñ)îsZ=]Šk,Ü)bc*yâÆZ’Zð%Zi(Y

We^ñ‹ÃñµÛZë™Cìz{ZL(6,z¤/ZxÅic*Š{ñW,îg6,ôZãÆnŠ¶(X 4 6,‹c*C£g 39 ZKZ¦ZŠ»g~ZŸ†™})™

ñ‹ÐtZyÎ**|IZ:7z{!*‡°{F,šMZzgôZã Z¦ZŠ»g»Ûzr: X8


Æ%ZK(u¤/xVe%Ænñ*.çJI}&¢AaZ™nÏXF,šMÆ6,z¤/ZxZkâÎÆƒäe454è XGGñ‹Å&6V»Y,{1YñÔZyÅ¢zgc*]Å¶K0+„ZzgZ7i™äÆ§jCñYNXñ‹ZmwÆZg»yÅ&6VÃ(,JäÆ‚B‚BZy(6,¤/ZñV~ñ‹ÆZg»yÃáï™ÆF,šMŠ´ec@*ZyÆ£gZzg0*GZg~~4~ÑðYnX

:z‚b 2 ñ‹ÅÑ•£g(6,z¤/ZxZzgŠv(ñZµÆÎfÆa£òñ‹Æz‚bÅ¶K0+„ÅYCìÔZ¹HuHY@*ìZzgZEwHY@*ìX

)gÉðâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágZ]:

(X 1 ñ‹Ô(oZzgIzZáñ‹Æ(z‚bÅ¶K0+„™D)Š¶gÉâ^ /ñ‹Æz‚bÃ½ZzgDJ-g‚ðZzg(6,z¤/ZxÆ£gÃ¢o¯äÆn /

(X 2-3 ',zñ»gÑc*Y@*ì)Š¶âF

³ñ‹Å&¢A»Z0+Zi{ÎNZzgZ¹â3²(6,z¤/Zx£òZÛZŠÅ /'gÂVZzg&¢AÆic*Š{Ðic*Š{ZEwÆnúŠØYN)Š¶gÉð

(X 4-5 âF

gÉâF

~ZÛZŠ~Ô[ÔâàZzgâŠ~z‚báïXZyz‚bÆZEw»m ñ‹z‚b X1


IÆâjw~4~ÑäÆ‚BaZƒ**ecXZk~âŠ~âjw)jwÅyÔŠN¸wZzg%#ÖÆa‚âyZzgZÛZŠ~](Ôf6Zzg_.!*Câjw)¥ZzgZ‚E+{Å;CzYçz-$Ôc*ZyÅ™«Æ)b»i(áïìXËsZzgZï[

™2-3 ‡ìgppÆnÓxgkgeôpGYN)g‚ðZzgI»âjwÆ£gŠ¶(X 71-68

ñ‹Zg»yÃ’q-Š´ecjw~ŠZ4çZ]Æ g‚ðZzggKÃ4¯**: X2

Dg¤/zƒVÆ”VÅæŠ™äÆaúgÂVZzgâZâVÆ¤/z7VÆZŠZâ]Æfg)!*‡°ÏÑNZzgZCz‰ÜZzgz‚b–™,Ô¾!*Æ”VÃëw]kÛZë

™,Zzg”VÅ¾ð6,½zZá{0+ZâVÅgzK»Èzn™,XpZ&jw~±YVÃkçz2¯™ZzgZ7ZCZ[ÐX™jw~ZyÅÑ•Ã¾e$Š}$ËìZzgñ‹ÆZg»y1‰Ü¢zg]”VÃjwÐà«áYäZzgzZ:

Ì2-3 6,g‚ðZzgI»âjw£gZ] 71-68 Ñä»Û9ZxŠ}Mh)™Š¶(X

ñ‹Ã(âjwÔz‚bÆZEwZzgZOxÆaZ°Zzgf) 0*GZg~»Ûzr: X3

ŠZg-VÅîsZ=]F,šMŠ´ecX)œ1]ÅŠN¸wÔ$zg¥ÅÑ•ÃD¯äÆaZŠZâ]z){(

ez3,iÃqÑ]ÐWÇ{™Dƒññ‹ÅlZg~Zzg ñ‹Å}.â]»Z‹Zs: X4

£g~}.â]»f™HYñXñ‹Åñ*.çJIÑ•ÐÎ»ZÖgZzg6,z¤/ZxÅ0*GZg~»è¸ìX

dZyÆZŠzZg~Ñ•ÐßÍVÆz‡gZzgZyÆZkÃ°QìX6,z¤/Zx £ò&¢A: X5



‹t

:g›¿Å 2 £gÕi

(gŠ¿ÆaZq-Û*zgu

úŠc*Y@*ìÔT~Z»zZãÒyZzgZŠZx

ÆaŠ*zm,~ÕiƒCìX

:ôZã 3 £gÓx´ZÛZŠ!*‡°ÏÐ(gŠ¿Åu¤/ñVZzgOW,{W!*Š~Å(,fƒð(¢zgc*]ÅôZã™DX

:øá 4 £g'g]Ã4¯äZzgZ[Š„ÃÛzrŠ¶Æa(gŠ¿ÅZq-!*‡°{Zzg)Y—ZgøáƒãecX

1:eY,{»Û*zgu

2:eßg]qwÆ‹bÅ7,@*àz„ : uòqª~µ/È~

3:e¥â]Å¦È~Zzg¢zgc*]»‹tÃgx

jZ!Y]Zzgâ~.Çà :2v‹tv

:Z’Zð 1 £gY,{

uòqª»',z‰Ü(Y,{

´ZzgÑÇZ0+Zi~HY@*ìX

ZkÒpÐ»gGYN£ò&6V~ZŸ†ƒZzgßvZKÕ<VÃÃZ0+Zi:™,X

:Z’ZðY,{ 1 ‹t£guòqª»',z‰Ü(Y,{ZzgÑÇZ0+Zi~HY@*ìX

)gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágZ]

TŠg¢eƒn½»Zq-Z’ZðY,{»gHYñT~gKZzg™«Æ /(X 1-3 UÌáïƒV)Š¶gÉâF

£/eð»ç™äÆnZg!*[Z(gÃ‚B5c*Yñ;ZágZ]Å7gÄÔZy /Å=ôZzg4~~ZyÐæŠàYñZzg¥â]ÆZOxZzgZyÅF,−~Zy

Š¶(X 4-5 Ð»x1Yñ)gÉâF

ã~³ÅæŠÐZŠgVZzg½ÅZZlxZzgOW,{W!*Š~Æa /¢zgc*]Zzgz‚b»Zq-YìY,{»gHYñZzgZk~z‰ÜÆ‚B‚BF,çz

Š¶(X 4 ZŸ†HY@*gì)gÉâ^½ZøiÆY,}»Zq-bzìT~(ÏÔYÔçÙZzgâjwÅgKÔ /W!*Šc*]ZzgŠø7[z‚b»eð¦ƒ@*ì@*OW,W!*Š~Å¢zgc*]»çHYn

Š¶(X 6 )gÉâ^Y,{IzZßVÃŠg7ñŠ{ZzgÂçZ]»‹t™@*ìZzgZkÆnçZ]Ô /

Š¶(X 7 $zg-VZzg&6VÆY,{»‚!eJçZEwHY@*ì)gÉâ^Z\ÒÐIZzgZkÆŠzgZy½Æn£ò&6VÔz‚bÔÕ<VÅ /¶K0+„ÅYñX


Y,{½ÆÑZzg£òqÑ]ÐZkÅ_“Æ!*g}~ßÍVÆìÑ]Zzg /F,Á(¢zgc*]Zzgu¤/ñVÅ¶K0+„™@*ìXY,}Æ}òZzg(eðôpgppZzgZy»nŠ!™äÆnZq-ÂxúŠc*Y@* /

Š¶(X 8 ì)gÉâ^

gÉâF

~Y,{šZzgOW,{W!*Š~ÅgKZzg™«ÆZOxÃæÃg3 Y,}ÆZz‡] X1

Y@*ìXX´V~g‚ðözŠƒz;VŠwÕqV!5Õä IMMU*â~fgZùÔ£ò7g’Zzgñ‹,Mzg¾ZEwGYNXZ#g‚ðeƒYñÂY,}Ã¦”{-¥â]Æ_.Z\¤/i+™1YñXY,}Ã!*‡°ÏÐ)ÁZiÁCÙegâ{ˆ(ôZãZzgœeðÔ6,z¤/ZxÆq&]Zzgg»zIVÆY,}ZzgZŠðg~¥â]Å¢zgc*]ÅãCŠ6,Z\¤/i+HYñX

µ/È~™ãecZzg(¢zgc*]Ô&6VÔ ™n Y,}»eðZzg¥â]Ã¦ X2

åY,{ÔÓx£â]ZzgCÙnÅ½» ZÈx™**ecX z‚bZzgÃ@*‘VÃK»Zq©™}Ô¢Zi¢åHYñXp¯g~ZŠZâ]ÐWÇ{™äÆaZy

»g~Æ¿~@*í:ƒX½½™äzZáZZÛZŠÅ bz~Y,zVÅ!gëg§sÐìÆŠzg}˜VJ-eƒÔW:Ð%1oƒV@*9Šg9WäzZáOW,+Æ;ðV6sÃ6,.ã:ƒX

ÆZßßVZzg EFA £g~ZzglZg~‹c*CfgZùÎZÑZò£gÔZ~ZpZ}ZKã£tÆgÉZßßVÆ_.ƒäe454è XGGXt¿¬@Ã@VÃ£òñ‹

Æ‚Bhä~æŠŠêìZzg£òÐ¬@RJ-gzZ*ZzgZágZ]ÃÛzrŠê


ìXeð¦™äÆÃgxZq-„£gÆƒäe454è XGG@*ZÚZàR6,Yg~µ1V~g*aZHYnZzg¥â]ÛZë™äzZßVÆ1úÃÁHYñXÃgx~ZŸ°¥â]£òñ‹Å§sÐZëªYNÔ½™,X

ZKã£tÅãCŠzV6,g›¿ÆŠzgZy¦G‰eð~ZÜ¹ç5]ÃæÃgÑixìXôZãÔ‹tc*uz}ÉËÌÑÆn¥â]¦™**ßÍVÃç}

~eZwYìÔÉZk¿~bz~îg6,8~î O¢8ÌZyÃËÆ‰[»¶K:¯YìXZZxÔËÃvy:à**Zzg)ïƒä‰~Zßwf‚dge454è XGGZzg¥â]¦™äzZßVÅf)ŠZg~ì¥â]ÛZë™äzZßVÅsäÃD¯NZzgZ¹ZL£tÐWÇ{™,XŠ*z%æGE÷™«Zq-F,ßó:ÆgZÆÆ

(~‹c*CjZ!Y]ŠB:ZKãgŠ~~DÃeðÐ 129 )™ 2 av%1o™äÆngÉÂX

·z]ÃÁÐÁF,™äÆn}òZ~.™äÐI‹tÆŠzgZy ‹t»§i»g: X3

eðÆMfgZùÃ@yÅŠ´ecX@ãZ0+Zi~eð¦™**ZzgZk»‹t™ä»tZq-‘o§iìT~Zq-1ÆZUîVÃ6,3Y@*ìZzg£g~eðÅëqÃD¯c*Y@*ìX‹t~£òW!*Š~ÆÃÃÌáïHYñ@*¡{gYZ0+Zi„ZzgF,¶]6,FFg›¿ÐXYnX

~Ì˜VJ-eƒnOW,{W!*Š~ÆßÍVÃáïHYñXZ’Zð ³ X4

Y,}~qÑ]Æ_.eð¦™äÔ‹t™äZzg¥â]ÆZOxZzgF,−™ä~³ÅËqÁg3Yñ@*ëZÐˆÆ‹bÔÎfZzgøá~(,JŠbecX


CÙeuJ-¢ÛZëKYN@*u¤/ñVÅµ/È~ÅYnX Y,}ÆõÝ X5

dZyÐI»eðZzgZkÆˆÆY,}ÔT~(¢zgc*]Zzgz‚b)©xÔZ+YZziÔºmZìVZzg£òñ‹(Å¶K0+„ÅYñÔ¬ÃgùMMŠø7[ƒäe454è XGGXtQÏßg]~ic*Š{ÆƒÇZ#¬dZyÆŠzgZyOW,{´ºJ-:VÃX

~½c*”VÅ™«»Zq-âCÙáïƒ**ec½Zzg”V Z\ÒÅÀòY,} X6

ÅDÅ¢zgc*]Zzgz‚b6,eð¦™}Xtu¤/xVå™äÆnZŠZgzVÃz‚bÔ6sZzg”Z¦ZŠ»gÆaz‚bÛZë™äecX

”VZzgâZâVÅ¡ZzgDÃOW,™äzZáqÑ]ÆÓx ZkãçZ]»Y,{: X7

UzV6,Ãg¹ZëìXY,}~Zq-÷÷çzV»ÍØZg{óóáïƒ**ec¹÷÷g‹

¢a¾óó(T~Z/ZzgçZ]ÆDg¤/z7VÆjZáÐqgzfsÁÜÐÝçZ]Åz„~ŠgCZzgâj1CWÃ]Ô”V»DZzggKÔ!*gzŠ~u4

ZzgŠ}&ñZŠÔqgÂVZzgŠzu}ZÐZ7ZšÅ™«Ôf6ZzgKã¡ÃÑhçZ]ÔZ‚E+{Å‡/ÔjwÆŠZ¾Zzg»[Æ´)bZzgŠzu~¥â]áïƒã

Ïe~Š¶(X MSEE ecX)%ä»g‹¢a¾ŠÚÆn

Y,}~$+F,+ŠgCWÃ]ÆŠzgZyuòqÑ]ÐXîÔZA[ZzgŠvZŠZâ])»g~ÔgŠ¿ÔyâZzgbà(Æag‹[ÕiÌƒãecX

‰qÑ]~CÙZq-(%œ/ÃuòqÑ]Ð3ëÆnjwÆpZzgC

µ"Å¢zg]ƒCìX˜V¢zg~ƒÔCÙ(ZŠZg{ÃáµçZ]»u¯**ecT~ZÐÑhÂçZ]Zzg)bÆDgÁÜÅ¶K0+„ÅƒX


ZyÃ£òZzgòR6,´©xÆ‚B%1o™**ecX Y,}ÆõÝ¥™**: X8

Z¤/Z(™äÆn½7g&¢AgppzZá©xc*ZŠZg}:ƒVÂÎZÑZZò¬ïÔ‰ZZx{»Ší',ZñZKyŠz„ç5]ÐgZ‚HYñ¥â]Ã%1o¯äZzg¥™äÆÂxÅu',Z„™,XøáÆq&]¥™äÆˆZ†ŠxÑgc*CÛ*zguZzgeðÅ»g¦/Zg~ƒãec&Óx³ZEw™Ã)™

óÌŠ¶(X 3 6,L(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~£g 120

:g›¿ÅÕi 2 ‹t£g

(gŠ¿ÆaZq-Û*zguúŠc*Y@*ìÔT~Z»zZãÒyZzgZŠZxÆaŠ*zm,~ÕiƒCìX

)gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágbãCŠ~eðÃ6,z¤/ZxÆW¸i6,±Z0+ZiÐ¦HY@*ìX /

Š¶(X 1-2 uò(g›¿ÅÕ<V~eðÅzZãƒÃWCì)gÉâF /”VÔâZâVZzg7g~ñ‹6,(g›¿ÆZW,Z]»Y,{heÆn¶K**]Zzg /ZágZ]Å¶K0+„ÅYCìXZ’ZðY,}ÐqÝ”{¥â]Ã6eðÐZ\ef$HY@*ìYg~6,z¤/Zx /

Š¶(X 3 ÅF,¹Æ!*g}~WÇ{™C)gÉâF

(g›¿ÅÕ<V~”VÔâZâVÉçZ]ÆDg¤/z7VZzgSà /


½Å#bz4~Zzg™«F,¶]~áïƒCX(gŠ¿ÅÕqVuòqÑ]ÐOW,{W!*Š~Å¢zgc*]Ã»°uJ-7g~ /™C@*Z7£g~ZzgYì½Š~YnZzgDZm6,z¤/ZxÃ¢oHY

Š¶(X 4-6 n)gÉâF

gÉâF

ÃD¯c*Yñ¢zg~u¤/ñVÆa!*‡°{-½G‰ g›¿Ænˆzm, X1

@*ŒVÒyG‰Àò£gZ]ÃqÝHYnXzm,~t¶K0+„ÌÅYñÃyÏ(u¤/xVÁ£â]Æn»gÅˆZzgZ0+Zi{Îc*YñtZ

ZlxZzgŠgVÅ½Å¢zgc*]Ãt¾uJ-7g~™,ÏZzgtWc*Šzu}ZŠZg}!*¹¢zgc*]7g~™ä6,»gXÇ(¢zgc*]ÆZ[~CÙeEg¿YñXuò½ÆZyZY]ÆŠgVZzgZlx»(ÎDƒñZŠZgzVÆŠgxyëW°Zzg0*GZg~‡ìgppÆnÃlÅYNX

ˆzm,~6sÔ!*<mD6s eðÅ¦È~Zzg‹tÆnZ¦ZŠ»g»Ûzr: X2

Å&¢A(,JäÆ§iÌáïƒäe454è XGG@*ãCŠ~Z°ZŠzÑg¦™ÆZy»‹tHYñXZkÆ‚B‚BôZãZzgøá»ÛnÌ7gZHYnX@*ëzm,Æ¿ÆŠzgZyZy!*ÂV»{§pZ{ìw7g3Y@*X

uòqÑ]ZzgyâÅZ’ZY~g›¿Åzm,ÃÁZiÁCÙeg ÕqVZ\ef$™**: X3

â{ˆZ\ef$HYñXZk~Z[J-Å»xÒVÔuòqÑ]~p~ZzgZŠðg~¢zgc*]»ñŠ{(áïƒ**ecXZk»Ñ£gZzgÎfÆ‚B‚B˜VJ-eƒnÔîsZ=]0*GZg~~4~Ñ**ìX


ez3,iÃuò(gŠ¿Æ£gZzgŠZ],{»gøwçZ]ÆDg¤/z7V ez3,i»g›¿: X4

ÐmgppzZá!3›Ð)4èG

GEÆZ0+gZ`zZyZ`6,!*‡°ÏÐÃU*ã™ãecXZ7dZyÐOW,{Z´V~(u¤/ñVJ-g‚ðÃD¯**ecX-i½GYäec@*'+Åö!*ã™äzZá£ò´V~½ÆÀò£gZ]Ã

Š¶(X 44 Ô™8 ÔgÉâ^ 1 qÝHYn)g‚ðZzgIÆâjw»£g

uò(g›¿Ã!*<myâÆŠzgZyZzg"yW!*Š~Æ ¸ò6,z¤/ZñV»Ûzr: X5

nD6,z¤/ZxÆ‚BëW}Zzg¢o™äÅµ/È~™ãecZzgZk~¸òZzg£ò(µ/È~ÔZOðÔZOxzZ¾ZxZzgq¢uzkZ‚E+{ÅF,šMÌáïÅYãecX

özŠf$)ª”Vc*'+c*ZyÆ ZŠZgCf$~qbg»zIV6,¸W**: X6

gŠZg(gppzZàZæZŠ~¡VÃZkZ%ÃD¯**ecZyÆ(g›¿Ó#ÖZzgzWf$gppzZáZŠZgzVÆ_.@*Óx(¢zgc*]7g~ƒÃXCÙOW,{´ºÆn(Õi~”VÅ›zúÆ‚B‚BâZâVÅ¢zgc*]»ìwg3YñT~U*â~ÔZZZzg/½ÔIZi5i#ÖF,šMZ‚E+{ZzgoƒŠw½áïƒXZy´V~zZ:MäzZáZÛZŠÅ(F,¹ÅÕ<V~ZKyŠz„¡VÅæŠÐ»g™Š{îsZ=]çzy6,z¤/ZñVÃáïHY**ec

XÆZŠZâ]Æaz‰ÜÅ¶»XŠg7ƒ@*ìX)VwÆîg6,C{¦/eVÅbàZzg'+ÅZ’ZðM!*Š»g~(


:ôZã 3 ‹t£gÓx´ZÛZŠ!*‡°ÏÐ(gŠ¿Åu¤/ñVZzgOW,{W!*Š~Å(,fƒð(¢zgc*]ÅôZã™DX

)gÉðâFÅæŠÐ7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]

uòqÑ]ZzgZŠZâ]ÅÚôZãÆa‡.Þ¿ZzgYg~z‚g~ÂxƒDX /gÉâFŠB( 1-2)

ÓxOW,{¤/z7VÅúgÂVÔ%ŠÔaZzgâZâVÐ!*‡°{xzg]ÅYCìZzg /ŠB( 2 Z¹ôZãÅu¤/ñV~áïHY@*ì)gÉâ^

ãCŠ~¥â]Zzgâˆp=VZzggs**]ÐÑzq™Æ(¥â]F,KMZzg /gÉâFŠB( 3-4 !*‡°ÏÐZÇÅYCÔX)

¥â]Å¦È~Æ§i;ñ»gZzg‹b™ä~oF,šMc*Cƒ@*ìZzgZk /Z%ÃD¯@*ì¥â]‡.Þ½zZzg‹t‡&ÿEL¤&Zzg‡.Þè¢ìX)gÉ

ŠB( 5 â^¬Ðð”{!*‡°{z²VÐ´ZÛZŠÆ‚B(ñZŠ»‹tZzgnŠ!HY@* /

ŠB( 3 ìX)gÉâ^ôZãÆÂxZzgeðäÃ8àÅãCŠ6,!*‡°ÏÐ].h+¯c*Y@*ì6gs**] /ÃªCÙ™@*Zzg!*¸ê‚i~ÅZYi]ŠêìXp=VÔ6gs**]Ô¢zgc*]Zzgz‚bÅ¶K0+„™äzZà¥â](6,z¤/Zx /


$4-?çGEEzVÃ!*‡°ÏÐÛZëÅYCXôZãÆË~Z#¢zg~ƒÔ6,z¤/ZxÆp™aYDX /

gÉâF

ÃM!*Š~Å$+rƒð(¢zgc*]ªCÙ™ãecÔZkÆ‚B‚BèÃg{ ôZã X1

6,z¤/Zx¹VJ-¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™DÔC**ec@*µ}òqÝ™ÃZzg4~ÆZk**]»Y,{BXZq-„gëgÐÓx¥â]Ã¦™äÅ¢zg]7ƒCXôZãÅú~Z,êY]áïƒVºmnÅ¥â]Ã¢zgc*]ÅãCŠ6,ù¦HYñÔ¥â]Å¦È~Zzg¿~ZEwƒäzZáfgZùÅlZgHƒX%äÆîg6,¹Ï¥â]jßVZzgŠzu}(6,z¤/ZñVÐ¦ÅY$ËÔ¢zgc*]Zzgz‚bÆ¯g~ZágZ]7™,X)}ŠZ¼zZyZ`Å

¥â]ÔH¤D7,JðÐ¬¼3DÔÂ1VÅ®ZŠÔ7,JäZzgIzZáñZŠÅŠø7!z){(jwÐ!*CÙgzZá”VZzgZyÃjw~Š4:™ZäÅz;]c*)q¢~ÅôZãÃÉ”{´VÆywŠzg}Æ´z{ñ‹Æ¤/z7V

Ð5‡'™ÆzZãHY**ecX

z{ßvpDîg6,‡.ÞJwZ0+ZiÐOW,{M!*Š~ÆÓx ôZã~Ñq-ßv: X2

¤/z7VÐ¥â]ZÇ™äÆ‡.ÞƒVÔ!*<mZzgi!*yÅ'gÂVÆÒpÐSyÃáïHY**ecX£òpDu¤/ñV»»Ÿìz{ßvZyúgÂVZzgZÃ¤/z7VÐeÏ~nŠ!ìw™,pDîg6,‡.ÞJwƒVX

uòqªÅ2+gƒMhXãCŠ~¥â] (: EMIS (ZOxÆ¥âCÂx) X3

Å¦È~ZzgZyÆ‚Š{¿ÃF,ÁãCŠ6,¸òZŠZgzVÅæŠZzgZÚZà


ÅF,¹c*bàÆaòÔ´‡ð EMIS ¬zyÐbw™**ecX inter-agency

Zzg£òR6,Z¦ZŠÆÛzrZzgz‚bÅ¢zg]ƒCìZzgZ¹F,¹Š¶ÔZ‰™äÔZOx™äZzgÂ±™äÅÌ¢zg]ƒCìXuòßg‹qw~A¢eƒÔZ,ZŠZxZVäecX»Ñ¯g~yâÆ%µÐIZq-‡.Þ¿ôZãÆÂx»ªxƒX

ÆaZq-!íW,ÎÅz*ÅÑiò¢zg]ƒCìXòZzgVR6,(ŠÃF,Zzg½ EMIS

ÆŠvf~%Y])‰òZŠZg{Y]',ZñF,šM(Æ0*kÌñizVÎÅz*ƒäecoƒeðä‡ì™Æ¥â]ÆnŠáÅœªÛZë™,X

»ZOx !3›Ð)4èG

GEÅôZã ÃgkÆŠc*ZÐgh™YäÆˆ˜VJ-eƒnÔ X4

ƒ**ecXôZãÆŠZ],Ò»g~pZ0+Ï~g»z^Ô®Š~'g'ZzgˆZipZ0+Ï(ñZŠJ-g‚ðáïìX/½ÅôZã~5iäñZµÅˆlZzg‚.F,šMc*CÅ'gÂV»ZEwáïƒ**ecZzgt¿5iäoZzglàÇyÆ!*bZgnoÐ

åƒ**ecXâôZã»6,z¤/ZxËÌ6,z¤/ZxÅúÆa‡.ÞŠg8à(62™4 ÛZë™@*ì)ŠBD+göZzg½X£g

Óx‹/Y]ÃŠ*zm,Z]ÅŠ,ZzgZyÃqgzfsÅzŸs# ¥â]ÅÂ}: X5

X¥â]¦ 4 X¦È~»§i 3 X¥â]»fg= 2 XbCÙÅ°p 1 ™ãecXX¥â]Æ‹c*C§i»gXZ¤/¥â]Å¦È~ÔZOxZzg 5 ™äzZáZzg

‹bÆŠzgZyÃð"‡°ÏƒðƒÔQÐÌâ™**ecXic*Š{Ðic*Š{z‚bÅHÆ|ÙZÛZŠZ²ZxÐvÆa¥â]Ã$+wMhX)‰uŠgz

q¢~c*q¢~ÆZ°ZŠzÑg(¥â]ÅÂ}Ã4¯äÆa)Z´y™Š{ŠzgzV


Å0*ŒÆfg)oÅF,šM™ãecX

:øá 4 ‹c*C£g'g]Ã4¯äZzgZ[Š„ÃÛzrŠ¶Æa(gŠ¿Å!*‡°{Zzg)Y—Zg

øáƒCìX

)gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]

0*ÎVZzg6,z¤/ZñVÅøá2ZŠZâ]Å»xçVÔù¦g›¿ÅÕ<VÔ /Sà½ZzgVÆDÆ£œZzgÀò£gZ]ÆjZáÐoƒz²V

(X 1 Ð™ãecX)ŠBgÉâ^ZŠZâ]Æ)ZgZŠ~ZW,Z]6,¥â]‡VÆÑ»YÐ™szËsZzg) /Y—ZgZ:§jÐqÝÅYCXÓxZÛZŠøwOW,{W!*Š~ZzgŠv%Y]ÆÑ»YÐ¥â]™sËsZzg /)Y—ZgZ:Z0+Zi~qÝÅYCXÓxZÛZŠøwçZ]ÆDgñ‹Å(ÌVÔòZzg£ò(Z−gÔZ‚E+{ /

(2 ZzgIzZáœu¤/ñVáïƒD)gÉâ^ZòtZzg4…V»zWF,¸òZzg£òñ‹Æ´z{ZKyŠz„ñ‹ÐnŠ!H /Y@*ìZ¹âˆuòqÑ]6,z¤/ZñVZzg0*ÎV~áïHY@*ì@*¸òZzg

(X 3 ¬@(Z@Zs~zeZÑYn)ŠBgÉâ^

gÉâF


Ã£g~ZzglZg~ŠzâVnÆñZŠÃZ‰™ÆZq-å¦k,7™ãecX øá X1£g~ñZŠ(tzòtÅ¥â]ÛZë™@*ìZzgÑgc*]6,ZÇÅˆ¥â]ÅzŸs#™ä~æŠŠêìX£g~ñZŠZÚz-Ôx@}Zzg’k,~Š*zm,Z]Æfg)¦HYYìZzglZg~ñZŠuz}ZzgÎZw**ñVÆfg)Z‰HYYìX

øáÃZKãÔâŠ~Zzgâ1CZñgÔIzZáÅg‚ðÔg»z^ÔËqÔDÔD+g+(§i»gÔ½Åàg~Zzg¤&ÔŠzgZy5i#ÖF,šMZ‚E+{Ô!3›Ð)4è

GGE6,ZW,Z]øw

ZZ½Zzg5i#ÖÆñZµZzgzWF,ñ‹6,ZW,Z]»Zq-YeY,{7™**ecX

œP~´ZÛZŠÆazgu øáÆfg)Z¦ZŠ»g»Ûzr: X2

á\ÅÛZbáïƒãec@*œ¦gZ]Ã”gs™zZc*YnXÑZÇãCŠ6,œÛ*zguZzg§i»gÃF,¹Š~YnZzgõÝ»Y,{Zzg=ôÅYnX(

6,z¤/ZxÆp»œ¿ÆUƒV~Ñq-ƒ**{mîg6,ÃZ+{qƒ@*ìXSkÐQyÅâˆ!Zzg\gá]ÆÎfÆaZq-Ãc*CãCŠúŠ¶~æŠï$ËìXµ"ÐZ.Š{™äzZáªZ‚E+{ZzgŠv(oÌQy)]Å¶K0+„™YìXÐQ¹zZô7,@*ìXz{Qy)]ÐÌMÇ{™MhX

»ºm\gá]ÆË~Z¹‚o™**7,ZX

øáàÇyÐ¬Zi+c~áïQyÅ : õÝZzg¼ƒñZòt»nŠ! X3

g7g^™äÆ!*g}7ÞecqßÍV~¥HYYì²Šzu}Zi+c~vZzgZ0+gzãõÝ»zWF,nŠ!7ƒnÇX


ÓxŠgVÆaœuÀò£gZ]Y,{Û*zgu :1e

+5+k,~%n½Zð£g qª


‡&ÿELZEw0*ãJ-g‚ð

ãCŠ~¡Ô½ZZzgçÑC;]}.â]J-g‚ð

½Zð”w

g;öÅÛZbZzgñiz+M

¡qZ:gzb

ÌðÆ£gZ]

½ZðD¡Ô½ZZzgçÑC;C}.â]Å»g™ŠÏ

ZI{:»çÙZzgâgL:©

½çÑCZzgpDÚø

**ûZgc*V

D)KãÔ‡âãZzgâŠ~(ZKã£t&‡âyÅxZã

ºm?0+{¤/z\

ö!*yM

!*Š~»wÔ"yÔË

”{ÔÒZzg/

ýM!*Šc*

])ÀM

!*Š~ÔÅ

„z){(

¸ò(tzòt(ÏÔçÙÔ@*g]ÔçÑCÔÓäZ¦ZŠÔZOòeJçÔÂxÔDZÑgnÔM[zƒZÔŠgCçZ]ÔÎZÑZò

°Ôz){

¸òâg454è GHG

‡.Þ¿)Zzg@*ëÛzãçz-$Å¢zg]Áƒg„ì(c***‡.Þ¿X

Z¦ZŠZz

g?0+

Ï»‹t

}Ô

øw/Zzg

Ò)ëM

°(Ñ

•

Y,{Û*zguÃZq-ºmM!*Š~Å¢zgc*]ÃKZzgËËJ-îÆÑÆjZáÐcZzg‹}ÆaZq-ãCŠÆîg6,ZEwHY@*ìXZk‹b~o]ZzgŸŠzâVŠƒD

XY,{Û*zguQyŠgY]6,Œƒ@*ìT~¢zgc*]ÅOñ´Qñg6,gzpn™äÆa)bƒDXZ#ŠgVÆâÎËqŠU*Cßg‹qwÃ?m,HY@*ìÂèÃg{Û*zguzZãîg6,Zk»jZ!7ŠêZzgY,{-VÅæŠ™äÆa'×h+ZbZñ»gÅ¢zg]ƒCìXZ#J-tZbZñ»gú7ŠØYDÔ-VÃqŠU*Cßg]qwÅzŸs#™äÆapŠÃðZN[™**ƒÇXtÛ*zgu¥â]ÆnŠáÆaZq-.e$ñZ¬ZzgËsPÃgx½™@*ìT»ÑdZâVÐ.ëÆaF,ÁZKyŠz„gŠ¿Åµ/È~™**ìXÛ*zguÅCÙZq-R6,)bÅ¤/ÄŠ3ðŠîìZzgítF,ÁgŠ¿77™@*XZkÛ*zguÐè¸ìZŠgV~!*bZ®g0*c*Y@*ìZzgZ¹Z(„'ecXÛ*zguÆCÙZq-ŠgZ»ZÐZŠ~îg6,Y,{1Y**ec)}½(Zzg%1oY,{»Zq-8~î O)ª(ßg]qwÆÛ*zguÆŠzu}ŠgV6,ZW,Z](ƒXDÔZKã£tÔZzg‡âyÅxZãZ,úc*V)bqZµÐZzgòŠJg}~g{™iHY**ecXY,{»$©î EG0M¸i'Z5ðc*M!*Š~»¤/z\ƒ@*ìX

Æf~zgå¤/z\»»g™Š{ìZzg CAP (Zzg IASC â~.:Y,{Û*zguZÚZà>‡[)~ƒäzZàzg¤\~ZkÅâu,Šg„ÅˆT~ez3,iÔZZx{ 2004 †g~ 25

ÆZŠZg}Ôgi+™ZkZzg)u»g~"3Š)4èGEE

Gáï‰X


:uòqª~µ/È~ 2eßg]qwÆ‹tÅ7,@*àz„

6,z¤/ZxÅµ/È~ZzgZkÆÎfÆaW\ÃÁÜÔ)bÔßvZzgZŠZgzVÃKÅ¢zg]ìX

ãCŠ~øá X1

ãCŠ~ïÆaÃyÐeðÅ¢zg]ƒCì? /ÎfÅµ/È~™Dz‰ÜM\Ã¾eðÅ¢zg]ƒCìXHŠø7[ì†jw /ÅÇ)®ZŠÔÇ(ÔCYÅáµ®ZŠÔZ‚E+{Å®ZŠz){?6,z¤/Zx»M¸i™äÐIHãCŠ~eðÃ¦™ä»ñµ$4lç GOì? /

ßg‹qwÅâÎ X2

ßg‹qwÅâÎHì)M×ÔZe7-(? /HZ,¤/z\)pÄÔ/Ôz){(uòqÑ]Ð{mîg6,OW,ƒDX /

ßg‹qw~ZPx X3

Hßg‹qw‡ìŠZì)¿æ]ÔŠgxãæ](ìc*R[Ìw•5+k,ì? /HŠvÃðuòqÑ]?)ñŠ{uòßg]~Zq-5uòqªc*Ãð(,~ /p~ÑN(XHQyÁÜÅ¶K0+„ÅY$ËìZe7-ZzgZëF,+p´VÑD? /


qD(Âx X4

(ÂxHZq-‡.Þ¿(Âxì? /HZ@Z°M!*Š~~Zq-ÐiZZ+Âx»x™gì? /qDuòßg]qwäñŠ{(ÂxÃ¾§bOW,Hì? /HjßVZzgZÐZ_5¼?ç HFÅ¶c*n„ƒì?)!*zgc{äÔÌðÅœ1]Ôfí{ /Y]z){(X

(âjwÅñŠ{qªHì?)ÇÔ‚âyÔ#{)®)Ôoz){( /ZM!*Š~&¤/z{ÐmgppzZá±ÃVÔ±YVc*”VÅHZq-Üqªì? /Hajw~ŠZ4Zzgz{!*‡°ÏÐjwYgì?Z¤/7ÂYV? /HajwÆZz‡]ÆŠzgZyÈuÐOW,ƒD)}**7XjwJ- /îsÃ,ÔÀò½Zð¶(HaºmâMz½Zð·z]»DggT?z{ÃyÏ? /

»[Zzg½H»[œì? /H½ÆaZq-œi!*y)i!*3(? /HZ‚E+{ÔD+g+çz**]Zzg(çz**]? /HQ*ŠÅF,šM&!*iF,šMÅ¢zg]ƒCì? /H)gŠ½Zzg'gÂVÆF,m6,z¤/ZxÅ¢zg]ƒCìX)n{qw)a(3„Ô /jw:MäzZáac*Šzu}çZ]ÆDg4](X


ãCŠ~³ X5

ãCŠ~³Å¶K0+„™,?ÃyH™g;ì? /Ãy¾Æaf)ŠZgì? /ÃyHµ/¯g;ì? /ÃyÁfgZù»f)ŠZgì? /ÃyÁhV»f)ŠZgì? /Šzu~ÎZÑZò°? /Z+YZzi)ÎZÑZòZzg£ò( /

Ó#Ö /D¸òZzg£òÓ#ÖÅñŠ{wHì)‡âãZŸtÔ¬gè(?D½»ôZyÃyì?

(PTAs jw)Z‚E+{Ô6,±Ô8KZm, /ñ‹)gÉÔ),gv(èIZÛZŠÔpZ&ÅZÔƒzg™ic*ñ‹ÆŠzu}¤/z\( /{0+Zy /D¬Ð¸eJçHì?DHuòqÑ]ä{0+ZãeJ‘ÃOW,Hì?D”VÅ½~ËqÐ0ÃyŸ™@*ì){mîg6,±YVÆa(?

Šø7[z‚b X6

ŠBqgz!*Ñ÷÷qD(Âxóó( ½Æa)Hz;VIÅÇôp? /


HjwÅŠø7[œ1]åîg6,»x™g„? /gziZ:jwÃ`äÆaHZ‚E+{Zzgjw»6s»°®ZŠ~ñŠì? /

½ZðZæZŠÆapgZuÅ„»M¸i¾Šg¢zg~ì? /pgZuÅ»g~ÆaÃKoñŠì? /pgZuÅ»g~ÆaÃœ1]ñŠ)jwÆ!*zgc{äÔÍŠZxÔ /3ä&åäÆ',@ÔåäÆaZgïÔ0*ã»fg=(?Hœ1]ÅÛZb‡.Þ¿ì? /HfgZùMæzgÄ&F,−&fí{»ãCŠ~eJçì? /pgZuÅÃZ»k½ÅYg„?Q¹½Zð„Æ£â]J-¹VZzgùàc* /Y@*ì?HyzZiZ!ÆajwÆƒ6,z¤/Zx? /Hqw„~Ë¾ŠyÇyäÃðz°{Hì? /HÎfÆaÃð6,lÑq-»g? /

XñŠ{Zzg™)b 7

säHIÅÇôp? /H”VÔZ‚E+{ZzgZæZŠ~»g.VÃIzZà»VJ-ôpg‚ðqÝì? /HpgZuÅ»g~Zzg„Æaôp(ì? /HfgZùMæzgÄZzgpgZuÅF,−!*™«ƒCì? /


HpgZuÃôp§jÐfí{HY@*ì? /

¤/z„)b /@HZq-c*ŠvÆaÃðºm)b? /HZ¤/zƒVÐ0ºm)b?)¤/z„Ô'Z5ð( /

‡âãwHµ/È~Zzgu¤/ñVÆÎfÆaÓ#ÖzZãÑq-»gì? /H(u¤/ñVÅðZzg×e$Ã(ÏZzg£òÓäªŠ]Åçz-$qÝì:Z¤/ /7ÂYV7?HZk×e$Æ%MÐ(,"~çZ]? /HZk×e$Æ%MÐ(,−‡.ÞZiƒYì? /HÑZ•ŠZg~aZÅY$Ëì? /H×e$ÆÛzrZzgZkÆ”wÆa6,z¤/ZxúŠØYMh? /

âpf:¬@6,z¤/Zx',ZñpgZuÔuòqÑ]~jwÆapgZuÅµ/È~Ôßg]qw http://www.wfp.org YX 2004 »Y,{Ô6,z¤/ZxÅúÔÎfÔ


:¥â]Å¦È~Zzg¢zgc*]»Y,{ 3eÎZw**)()Ç(:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''uòßg]qwÅâÎ:''''''''''''''''ZëX)Z(:''''''''''''''''''

H‰jwR[Ì»x™gì?”VÅq¢~Å®ZŠ ( ;V&7

±Æ ±HV''''' ''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''

Zëz!*]Zzg)bÅzŸs# X1jwÅqgZ]ÃvyàìjwÅuzŠ~0*ã)ôpZzg°xŠø7[ìajwÐ!*CÙZzgÃgr‚iz‚ây&ñZŠŠø7[7

æjw»‚iz‚âyyh+äÅf7gnpZ‚E+{jwgh`c*egD


Z‚E+{Å(!*Ú½c*CZÛZŠÅ¶ìZ‚E+{»x7™,ÐZ¤/9Z{:A

™**Ôç**ußg]Z(g™ŠHìZ‚E+{`~**xŠg`™`

¼ap‚ÛŠ{ƒ‰¼aiÂƒ‰a¯`~**xŠg`™Z`

”VÅM!*Š~ÅÙ|# X2±Æ ±HV ITÞ

'''‚ '''‚ '''‚ ‚wJ- 5Ð0

'''‚ '''‚ '''‚ ‚wJ- 13Ð6

'''‚ '''‚ '''‚ ‚wJ- 18Ð14

'''‚ '''‚ '''‚ g;›'''‚ '''‚ '''‚ )g;›

IZiuòqªÐñiZ:X X3±Æ ±HV ITÞ

Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ ”VÅ®ZŠÁ7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ ‚wJ- 5Ð0

Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ ‚wJ- 13Ð6


Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ ‚wJ- 18Ð16

Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ g;öÁ7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ Á7Vic*Š{ )g;›

X ÆËZëÛtÅzŸs#™,HŠvÃðZë)bX»ZiZ!™äÅ¢zg]ìÔ‰ZÜ¹¤/z7VÅñŠÏ?zŸs#™,X

”V»(£gHì? X4çwjw½ 6,ZÎ~½ Z’Zð‚Å½

)Z’Zðº)( /Æ¤/z\ÅM!*Š~»°œ

'''' '''' '''' åƒŠHƒ

aÃyÏi!*3ZEw™D? X5èYäzZà 1àYäzZà âŠg~i!*y

''''''' £òi!*3)zŸs#™,(''''''''''''''''''''' Šv)zŸs#™,(''''''''''''''


HM\Æ0*kËZ+gc*„»uìT~ñ‹ÅqgÂV)}jwÔ%Zœ/ Xa6

ƒÔla(ÃŠ3c*ŠHƒ?

»Z[7ìÂHM\ZyÃqÝ™Mh? 6a Z¤/ Xb6

»Z[7ìÂCNM\ät¥â]ùqÝ™,! 6b Z¤/ Xc6

#{)®)ÆaÁ»VÃZEwHYYì? X7”VÅ®ZŠqr**ì''''''' jw&#{)®)''''''' bà%Zœ/''''''' g;ö''''''' Ûzã)‚tŠZg(&Šg|#(''''''' y''''''' èIqg'''''''' Ò''''''' Šv)zŸs#™,(

HqgzfsqzVJ-g‚ðM‚ãÐeì? X8**‡.Þg‚ð ÃA6,)¢azV~( ñµ6,

0*ãÆfgZù)zŸs#™,(


šMZsYN*&Ò3ï JGH<{ä

?œ1]mzgZÛZgÆaœ1]ð

¥Ãk~q¢ƒäÆaHÃ,ð™**7,@*ì? X9‚76X100 ‚51X75

)”VÆ¤/z\»‚(‚26-50 °œ 0-25

)¢azV~(''' ''' ''' ''' ¢ac*ZkÐÁ 500

''' ''' ''' ''' ¢a1000Ð500

''' ''' ''' ''' ¢aÐiZZ+ 1000

)qV~(''' ''' ''' ''' MŠJéc*ZkÐÁ''' ''' ''' ''' MŠñéÐZq-éJ-

''' ''' ''' Zq-éÐiZZ+

HayÆgLñL»ñVc*ŠvË»x~zfe? X10±Æ ±HV'' '' ‚


'' '' °Šy]'' '' {mîg6,ðc*áx

(ñZŠÅHlZg)Z0+ZiU(ìŠø7[ìZzgXÅ¢zg] X11

ì?¢zg]ì Šø7[ì )°^(

''''''' ''''''' ŠgÏÃ''''''' ''''''' 1 *y''''''' ''''''' 2 *y''''''' ''''''' 3 *y''''''' ''''''' ô''''''' ''''''' eu''''''' ''''''' ÍwZ@''''''' ''''''' bÂ[''''''' ''''''' 6&R''''''' ''''''' R&g(,''''''' ''''''' gùVÅ&4hÓ4è FEG

''''''' ''''''' Šv)zŸs#™,(


D+g+ñZŠÅHlZg)Z0+ZiU(ìŠø7[ìZzgXÅ¢zg] X12

ìX¢zg]ì Šø7[ì )°#Ò)®)(''''''' '''''''' gÉÃ&Š4Âa''''''' ''''''' gkgeÃ''''''' ''''''' ›({''''''' ''''''' eu»e/''''''' ''''''' Š-Zg~eg&'''''''' ''''''' à&R''''''' ''''''' e~''''''' ''''''' Šv)zŸs#™,(''''''' ''''''' ¸mñZŠ

”VÃ7,JäÆaÃyŠø7[ì&ƒYì? X13%Š‚ úg'‚ ®ZŠ'' '' '' F,šMc*CZ‚E+{'' '' '' 4&zZgZ:ZÛZŠ'' '' '' Šzu}‡VÆ'' '' '' &zgZ:ZÛZŠ'' '' '' )VwÆîg6,zp&cZzp(


'' '' '' (,}a'' '' '' ñ‹ÆZgZW'' '' '' Z+YZziÆZgZW'' '' '' gŸ»g'' '' '' Šv)zŸs#™,(

Z‚E+{Åçz-$ÆaHZKãz‚bŠø7[? X14½z‡/»£g %Š‚ úg'‚ ®ZŠ''''''''' '' '' '' 4&zZgZ:ZÛZŠ''''''''' '' '' '' Šzu}‡VÆ&zgZ:ZÛZŠ''''''''' '' '' '' )VwÆîg6,zpÔcZ

zp(''''''''' '' '' '' (,}a''''''''' '' '' '' ñ‹ÆZgZW''''''''' '' '' '' Z+YZziÆZgZW''''''''' '' '' '' gŸ»g''''''''' '' '' '' Šv)zŸs#™,(

Ha_Z{? X15”VÆ¤/z\»°œ

'''''' ZK7g~ÄÆ‚B


'''''' âVc*!*\ËZq-Æ‚B

'''''' (,}Çc*¸ðÆ‚B

'''''' ËŠzu}ÄMÆ‚B

'''''' gŸ»gzVÆ‚B

'''''' Ë

y»u',Z{Ãyì? X16”VÆ¤/z\»‚'''''' âV'''''' !*\'''''' ŠzuZ!*ÚÛŠ)zŸs#™,('''''' ŠzuZ)(,~Ç('''''' ŠzuZ)(,Z¸ð('''''' Šv)zŸs#™,(

”VÆ{0+Zy»çÙ:©? X17°œ

'''''' ‚y'''''' Šºg'''''' {:$+zl'''''' ñ70*%zZá'''''' Šv)zŸs#™,(


”VÃŠØYäzZá{mâ]H? X18¡zÌðÐ0x''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''¡Æ!*g}~â]''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''šçZ]‰!*gzŠ~u4Ð0x''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''i0+ÏÅ'g')zŸs#™,('''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Šv)zŸs#™,(''''''''''''''''''

OW,{ñ‹~»x™äzZáãCŠ~ZŠZgzVÅñŠÏ)PZq-» X19

**xCN(XñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ ñ‹ÅÌV

''''''' 1

'''''''' 2

ñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ zZig]½Æz‚b''''''' 1

''''''' 2

ñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ F,šMZ‚E+{ÆZŠZg}


''''''' 1

''''''' 2

ñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ (u¤/ñV~s£òZ+YZzi''''''' 1

''''''' 2

ñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ £òu¤/ñVzsÎZÑZòZ+YZzi''''''' 1

''''''' 2

ñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ ZZx{ÅZìV''''''' 1

''''''' 2

ñŠ7 ¹Á ¬x CÙ(ñŠ Šv)zŸs#™,(''''''' 1

''''''' 2

-&4iý EGX : âpf


g‚ðZzg(âjw X2¬gsdZãZŠzZgÆŠzgZy½‰ÑiòhZzgz‚bJ-g‚ðZÒZz‡]Z•ðözŠƒCìX@*ë½OW,{M!*Š~ÃZK’ÆaZŸ°DZzg{Æ”wÆfg)ZLqÑ]»£™ä

ZzgZKi0+7V~!*‡°ÏÆZiuâ”w~æŠŠ¶Æe~ã~™ŠZgZŠZ™$ËìXSÏZzY~ZÒuòßgwÆŠzgZy(u¤/ñVÃ±™**ic*Š{ë{ƒY@*ìÔZzg}.˜ƒ@*ìçZ]»Dg¤/z\{mîg6,z{½qÝ™ä~**»xgÐTÅZ¹7

¿ÅˆƒXÓáVÔñ‹ZzgZKyŠz„¡VÅtf)ŠZg~ìz{ZkZ%ÃD¯N!*ÑZzg£g~(ñZµJ-ÓxZÛZŠÃg‚ðqÝƒZzgt½Æ”wÆâjwôpƒVZzg½qÝ™äzZßVÃDZzgZyÅf6Ô_.!*CZzg8‹ŠÃÛzrŠïƒVX

uòqÑ]~(6,z¤/ZxIzZßVSî”VÔâZâVZzg(pÃ8ÔYZzgf6DÛZë™DX@*ë½qÝ™äzZßVÃZÒjwMäZzgYäzZágZ2V6,ZzgpŠ(âjwÆZ0+g8c*;CçZ]»‚o™**7,@*ìXt)b±YVZzg{ÂyZ‚D+{Ã**oƒ§jÐOW,™DX(}.â]ÅÛZb~Zkf)ŠZg~ÃD¯**@*CYjwMDZzgYDƒñ2pŠ(âjwŠzâVßgÂV~ZLM\Ãôpìw™,X

gŠZzg)gŠ(ñZµ»Zq-D+gŸÛZëHY**ecXZ¤/ËuòqªÆM¸i~gŠ½¯g~îg6,e:ƒÂ(6,z¤/ZñV~mu¤/xV)ö(F,KMŠ~YN;)gŠ(u¤/xV;(,~/Æ”VÆa)Z¤/¢zg~ƒ(Yg~6,z¤/ZñV~@*íÐáïƒäÆˆ

59 g‚ðZzg(âjw

»xå™äÆ6,z¤/Zx;âZâVÆañZµz{ZÝ%œ/~('gÂVÃ',ŒÛZggÄÃZzgZ¹(,JÃ;Zzg”VÔâZâVZzg!*½VÆaŠw)gŠ½c*{ÅF,šMZKãCŠ~½

Ñzqc*å:™nƒVX

‰¤/z7Vc*ZÛZŠÃËuòqª~½J-g‚ð~ºm)]7M$ËX@*ëËÛŠÃZqÐiÅ¯6,½ZzgIÆñZµJ-g‚ðÐøzx7™**ecX½ÛZë™äzZßVÃSà

(CAFF) ¢zgc*]Æ‚BçZ]»Dg¤/z7V}âZy±YVÔJg[ÂVÐzZh”VZZY”{”VÔÁ/âƒVz){Åºm¢zgc*]Åøá™ãec@*ZkZ%ÃD¯c*Yñz{

(ñZµÐnƒVX(ZŠZâ]**ÜsgŠZzg)gŠ(}.â]ÅÛZbÉZqÐiÔjßVÅ:Zzg—ãg»zIV‰)b6,ÂzŠ´ecXÐ‰¤/z7VÃ{g`™Šc*Y@*ìÔ!*<mZŸ°ñZµÔMc*gŠÔ)gŠc*&zgZ:ƒVÔ±YVZzgpZ&Å¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™äÆ

a¢zg~ƒDq½J-g‚ðqÝ7ìc*qZK½ÃYg~gpp~)]Šg7X

ÓxŠgVÆœu£gZ]ÐgZÆ

ÃðÌ(gŠ¿X%ZiÆfg)»gHY@*ZzgZk6,¿HY@*ìÔZKZW,5+k,~ÆjZáÐ‡.ÞWƒ@*ìXZk{ÃÓxŠgVÆaœu£gZ]Æ‚B5™ZEwHY**ecñ‹ÅÑ•Ô£òz‚bÔZ’ZðY,}ÔgŠ¿ÔôZãZzgøá»Zq©™DX{mîg6,ÔË‚¢ÐOW,{ZÛZŠøwçZ]»Dg¤/z7VÅËqÃic*Š{HY**ec@*ZkÅñiz+MZzg£gÃD¯c*YñX

60 g‚ðZzg(âjw

tZKâÎÆZ±gÐlZg~ƒDZzg(gŠ¿ÅÛZb~qÝK Àò£gZ]:YäzZáÀòŠgVÅzŸs#™DX

tz{÷÷´â]óóƒCtCCMc*£gqÝ™1ŠHìXt6,z¤/ZñVÆ ã~ZágZ]:ZW,Z]c*}ò2ZEwK‰§T;ñÃYiZzgZyÅF,−™ä»fg=½™DXtZágZ]£g~c*lZg~ƒMhX

Zy~z{ºmï]áïqZqÑ]~£gZ]ZzgZágZ]ÆZ:tÔ gÉâF:i)]ÐÖÆ!*g}~gÉðZzgF,Áç5]~tg}Æz‰Üik,gÑc*Y**ecXZy~£gZ]c*ZágZ]Ð0Zëç5]ÌáïƒMhZzgqD¥â]~

~jZ!Y]ÅZq-É 2 Z%Ã]Ô6,.yÁßg]qwc*§ŠZ]ÒyKYMhXvz„áïìT~ZkvÐ0Àò)bZzgºm/ç5]ŠzâVÆ!*g}~¥â]Æâ~.Å¶K0+„ÅìX

61 g‚ðZzg(âjw

62 g‚ðZzg(âjw

g‚ðZzg(âjw

)z~g‚ð 1 £gXÓxZÛZŠÃ£g~Zzg

´(ñZµJ-g‚ð»hqÝìX

Dzp¥à 2 £gX(âjwÃôp¯c*Y@*ìZzgIzZßVÆDóf6z_.!*C4~ÃÛzrŠc*Y@*ìX

œ1] 3 £gX(œ1]IzZßVÅKã4~Æa¢zg~ƒCX

1 eX;CzYsB¨

2 eXjwÆ½Zð6,z¤/ZxÅsB¨

jZ!Y]zâ~.Z]Çà 2 vXg‚ðZzg(âjwv

:)z~g‚ð 1 g‚ðZzg(âjw£gÓxZÛZŠÃ£g~Zzg!*Ñ(ñZµJ-g‚ðqÝìX

)gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,ñYN( ã~ZágZ]:

1-2 ËÛŠÃZqÐiÅ¯6,½ZzgIÆñZµJ-g‚ðÐøzx:HYñ)gÉâF /5±ÛâN(X

Š&ÀŸ/õ GG(X 3 ŠZ¾ÆaŠ*zm,Z]c*Šv»2Ãðg»z7ƒD)gÉâF /OW,{M!*Š~ÃZyÅ(¢zgc*]7gZ™äÆagŠZzg)gŠ(ñZµ»Ÿ /

Š&ÀŸ/õ GG(X 4-5 ’gôÛZëHY@*ì)gÉâF

F,šMZzgZˆkÆfg)ñ‹ÓxZgZWÆ£g~ZzgñizV½J-g‚ðÆ /Š&ÀŸ/õ GG(X 6-7 £tÃD¯ä~¬Ðic*Š{'wƒYCì)gÉâF

uòqªÆÓx%ZiZzgZ’Zðyâ~(u¤/ñVÆöZzg£gÃD¯ä /(ÔŠvF,ªCgNY»gZzgñ‹Å NGOs Æa©xÔ¾ŠyÇyÔ)u»g~¡V)

Š&ÀŸ/õ GG(X 8 Y+$Ðoƒz‚bÛZëKYD)gÉâ^¤9VÆaèÃg{uòqªÆ!*)ËVÆÎ¢eƒnÔgŠ /

(Âx~M‚y§jÐŠZ¼hec*Šz!*g{ŠZ4ƒä»ñµñŠƒ@*ìXt(6,z¤/Zxö!*yoZzg&c*´oÆ(©xÅ§sÐt”{ƒDX /

63 g‚ðZzg(âjw

gÉâF

Ð%ZŠ¾"$ÔÔ/ÔèÔ±Ô¤/z{Ôè<ØÔi!*yÔpÄÔ(ÏzZÕÔÒ ZqÐi X1ZÖgÔYZOŠ~:©Ô'Z5ðûzqc*Sà(¢zgc*]Å¯6,¬Z+™Š{0*Èc*VƒC1tZyJ-özŠ7ƒ@*XZOŠ~ÔYZzgpD£tÆ!*g}~ÎZÑZòxÐtøDfsÒy™@*ì:

±Ôg8-Ô½Ôi!*yÔè<ØÔ(Ïc*ŠvgZñÔòc*Y: 2 Mgç X©ÔZ5uÔaZöc*Švw‰ËÌnÆZqÐiÐ?Ø™½ÆhÃt™@*ì;

CÙZKyÆ(hÃt™@*ìTÆfg)ZKã,Zzg 13 Mgç XZkÆz‡gÅå›zúƒÏZzgZKã£tZzgãCŠ~MiZŠ-VÆZZxÃ

¾e$Š}ÇX½ÓxßvZk‡.Þ¯ñÏz{ZKyMiZŠçÑ}~!íW,îg6,Ñq-ƒÃÔÓxñVZzg]#Ô¤/z„c*èI¤/z7VÆŠgxy¢ÈÔ',ŠZ“ZzgŠz4ÃÛzrŠ}nZzgZðÆªxÆaZZx{

qVÐZkhÆåÎfÆ 13 Åu¤/ñVÃege0+ÎñXMgç(6,ZÎ~½ÑiòƒÏZzg 1 ”wJ-qgzfsÃt™ä»Ç©8ì:

(U*â~½ZKZßgÂV~øw/z 2 CÙZq-ÃjÛZëÅYñÏ;&zZgZ:U*â~½ÀòÒpÐÛZëÅYñÏZzgCÙñizVfg)ÐZzg{m™j½ÆD+g¬gsÆfg)ÐCÙZq-Æa‡.Þg‚ð

(˜VJ-eƒnÇÔQyZÛZŠÆaãCŠ~½Åj, 3 ¯ðYñÏ;

64 g‚ðZzg(âjw

Z‚ÛZðÅYñÏc*!F,ÅYñÏZKZ’Zð½qÝ:™nƒVc*Zk»åŠzgZ67gZ:™nƒVX

6,cgMæƒ**ecuòqÑ]~½Æ QyÎZÑZòŠ*zm,Z]ZzgÛ*zgu X2

hÅ!*]™DXZy~Šg`fsáï1tZyJ-özŠ7:¬@(¯gxe»gÛ*zgu',ZñZŠZâ];½ƒÆaÃÛzrŠbT XÆ£œ~ÐZq-ÑtŒÛZgŠc*ŠHìÓáVÃecz{§ŠZ]ÔŠgCMÃ]Zzg°xZPxÐOW,{(ÂñVÅ¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™,ZzgQy§hV6,(6,z¤/ZñVÃ`NXÐ!*b¢ÈÔZðZzg',ŠZ“ÃÛzrAZzgTÐŸŠZzg§ŠÃgz1~æŠAX

(; IV (Ð0YZ.š) 50 qªkB~à~ZÛZŠÆD)Mgç X‡*¸]ÔòZzg£ò©xÆ¬zyÐÔ”VÅŠN¸wZzg½Ð

0ÓxZŠZgzVÆ»x/ZŒZxŠ¶Æa™¯ñÏ;(uòqªÆ CRC £tZCwÆ!*g}~ZZx{».š) X

Âx~½Æ”wÃ8Ô;CZzgŠZÔZ:DÛZë™äÆa£g~Û*zguÛZë™@*ìX

Š*zm,Z]Æ»çV~EƒãecZzgàe$Æ¤& ŠZ¼ZzgZ0+gZ`: X3

**ñVÔaZöc*/ÅZ‹ŠÔÙ!»½Z]ÔjwÅg7gFz){»»Ÿ7ƒ**ecYèƒYìuòqªÐOW,{M!*Š-VÆ0*ktŠ*zm,Z]Šø7[:ƒVXuòqªÐOW,{”VZzgâZâVÅ!*"$/Åu»Îf7ƒ**ecXjwÐïá‰”VÃZ0+gZ`»Šz!*g{ñµŠc*Y**ecXƒÐic*Š{øzxZzgçZ]»Dg

65 g‚ðZzg(âjw

¤9VÃ½ÅÛZbÆa@s¯äÅSàÃlÅYNX˜VsäÆ}.á]ƒVz;VŠ*zm,Z]ZzgZ0+gZY¥â]Ãvg3YñX

i0+Ï ý ZyñZµ~Z’Zð‚ÅÔ6,ZÎ~ZzgU*â~½ÔZd½ (ñZµÅuzŠ: X4

Æ{Ô&zZgZ:F,šMÔ)gŠ½)øwpZ0+ÏZzgÑge$(Zzg½Æ”wÆ!F,ñZµ˜VoƒƒáïƒäeX¤9VÃèÃg{uòqªÆË~T™[Ð¦/g**7,ZƒÔQk~½J-g‚ðÃDzŠ7HY**ecX

z‰ÜÆEZg].zwÈ~øwjwÆZZz‡]Zzg)Ô**‡&ÿELg‚ð(6,z¤/ZxÔÁ/âƒVÆa¼Z“ZCwÅ}.â]Ô#{)®)ÆÂx~áïƒäÅ!*"$)]»DgCÆa±ZæZŠZzgg{YäzZà¶Ã7gZ™äÆ6,z¤/ZxZzguC_¬Z,ƒäeic*Š{Ðic*Š{¤D(ñZµÐZ.Š{™ÃX(,~/Æ¤9VÃƒUâZy¤9VÅ¯ÎV~Ñ**c*Z¹gŸ»gZ:îg6,âZy”VÅgc°¯ÎV~ËqÅZYi]Š¶ÐâZyZzg(,}/ÆCŠzâV6,t}ò%A$ƒMhZzgT»³)!íW,½Åßg]~

òYìXŠwfgZù}(,~/Æ¤9VÆae{°Zzgg~»[˜VoƒƒÔZEwKYNXgc°jw6,z¤/ZñV~ŠÑ]»Âx”gs™ZäÐIâZâVÆúÒzVÔpZ&Æ¤/z7VÔŠvñ‹ZgZWZzgñ‹‡Z++Ðtg{HYñX÷÷jwÃóó»ÑÇ¿Ü&»45»4è

GEGGÌuòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyZzgˆ~ZEwÅYãe@*Z»VÆZkãCÆauòqª~(u¤/ñVÆåeÅÁÑ†g‚ðÅµ/È~ÅYñX

66 g‚ðZzg(âjw

(ñZµÃ/Æ¤/z\)}aZzg(,}(ZzgñZŠ)}Ëuò /Æ¤/z\: X5

qªÆZ’Zð%µ~ƒÆai0+ÏXƒ¥â](ÆjZáÐF,ÁF,KMŠ~YñXuòqªÆ6,jyƒYä6,(ñZµÃM!*Š~ÆÓx¤/z7VJ-zÝŠ~Y$Ëì@*´§hVÆZEwÐZyÅi0+7V~4~ÑðYnX

Š&ÀŸ/õ GGXuòqÑ]~½ÆÀò£gZ]:Zy 1v ÷÷£g~óóZzg!*Ñ½: X6

6,Z˜q]X 123 Z˜q]Å=%]Æa™

(¿~ñ‹ÃdwZ0+Zi~Ñq-HYñXZkÐñZ&C ñ‹ÅÑ•: X7

·z]Ãik,cÑäÔZŸ°z‚bÃw•~ÑäÔsäÆ»çV6,!*]™äZzgÌ5±ÛâN:r§@î EE 1 øzx5VÆâÎÑ•ÃÛzrŠ¶æŠï$ËìX)v

(2-1 6,ñ‹ÅÑ•Æ£gZ] 26@*21 6,Z˜q]Zzg™Y] 123

¾ŠyÇy»gztEZgƒ**ecZzg(SàZŠZâ]ÆöÃD¯ä z‚b: X8

ÆaZÕ<VÅ@*G™ãecËuòßgwÆZ’Zð%Zi~yâÆfg)ƒXòÓáV6,tîf)ŠZg~¬Z+ƒCìÃz{½ÃD¯NZzgZfZgùÐZæZŠ~gxqÝ™,XŠv¾ŠyÇy~ÎZÑZòñ‹)Šz§†Zzg

MZÑ§Zs(ÔÎZÑZòZzg£òZ+YZziÔ£ò©xÔo{6,FFZŠZg}ÔÎwÔgÉâ^ 2 6,‹c*C£g 33 Î‚Ì¤/z:ZzgŠvF,ªCgNY»gáïX)™

ÌŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG(X 4

z‚bÅµ/È~Æ"gÃ¯g~(ñZµÅÛZbJ-zÝŠ´ecp0*GZg~ÔîsZ~Šµ/È~)øwZkZkyÆuòßgwîsÌƒ$Ë

67 g‚ðZzg(âjw

ì(ZzgMÒ{ÆyâÆ}.z{wÃÌÅº{§g3YñX©xÆ‚BZ·Zu6,(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~ 120 ZzgZgnoÔZPxÃD¯ä~æŠŠ}Yì)™

ÌŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG( 3 £g

uòqÑ]~!F,(gŠ¿»»ŸìZ\Ògm,gzc*6g^Z\-iÆfg)ZæZŠ~gxJ-¯g~g‚ðƒXîsuòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyuâtÅÛZbZâƒãec”VZzg(,zVÆa½~çzyƒZzgZ¹Zq-**gïjw6,z¤/ZxÆfg)ZK7gÄÃYg~gpp~æŠŠ}XZ’ZðyâÆ%µ6,òZzg£ò(ZOðZzgµ/È~Ã¾e$Š¶Æa˜V¢zg]ƒZæZŠ~gxÛZëÅYãecX¾ŠyÇyÆz‚bÆfg)(6,z¤/ZñVÃZk‡.Þ¯c*Yñz{¬gèg;öÆZEwZzgD+g+(‚iz‚âyÅÛZbÆfg)Óx£â]6,ZC»xÑzq™ÃX

:DZzg4~ 2 g‚ðZzg(âjw£gIÆâjwôpZzgIzZßVÆD2QyÅf6z_.!*C4~ÃÛzrŠïX

)gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñÇ( ã~ZágZ]ZjwZzgŠv(âjwQyM!*Š-VÆŒÛd$zZµƒD˜V}.â]ÛZëÅYC /

5±™,( 1-2 )gÉâ^5±ÛâN( 3 ÓxZÛZŠÆa(âjwJ-MäYäÅg‚ðôpìX)gÉâ^ /

5± 4-5 (âjwZ,çZ]Ð0*uƒV¥ÃvyŠ}ÃX)gÉâF /

68 g‚ðZzg(âjw

™,(Z‚E+{ÔCYZzgñ‹ÆaF,m6,z¤/ZxYg~ZzgSy»ÑDÔsäZzg™« /

~ZŸ†™**ìXZ‚E+{ZzgŠvD+g+pÃZ+'gÂVÆ‚B:HY@*ìXÆfg)z{!3›Ð)4è

GGEÅ /

5±™,(X 6 _.!*C4~~ZŸ†™äÆaZ¹;CzYæŠŠ,X)gÉâ^ñ‹ÃZ,hV~áïHY@*ìX»mZjßVÆûzqZzgZ,ÂñVZzg /0*ÎVÆªxÐƒ@*ìCYÃôp¯NXñW,D+göÆa

!3›Ð)4èG

GEÅ½ZðZzg¿Z=]¢zgc*]»ìwgO@*jw~ /5±™,( 7 !íW,D+göƒnX)gÉâ^

gÉâF

»ç£ò&ò£gZ]ÔsäÆËZc*Šv™õZŠZâ]Æ_.H ŒÛ"$ X1Y**ecX˜VÃA»°ic*Š{ƒVÐz;VZ,gL”Vc*9xVÆatÃAð™äÆ‡.Þ7ÔZyÆyzVÆŒÛd$F,+»V6,f~)c*÷÷]45Õä HGV$óóc*÷÷8góó(¯ÎVÅZZYÅj,Z‚ÛZðÅYãecX

Z¤/©wÅ(qg'Šø7[7c*)ôpÂôpŠwÇÉÅ sä: X2

YãecXZjßVÃ©Z¯Z`Æa¬gèC{ÇƒVÆîg6,ZEw7™**ecX

säÃD¯**gc*„Åf)ŠZg~ìZzgZksä»ZOx MäYäÆgZ5: X3

oƒZzgZd£gÅ7:¯gkZzg˜V}¢zg~ƒÔŠ2VÅëCÐƒYìXZk™«ÃÛzrŠ,ZzgZkZ%ÃD¯N@*MäYäÆgZ5ÓxCYZzg

69 g‚ðZzg(âjw

D+g+p)Ô/ÔèÔ±Ô¤/z„c*KãZ¦ZŠÐsÃ(ÆaôpƒVXÓxñ‹Ã!*ÚZ¾mÅ™«‰ñW,ZŠZâ]6,gzpnZzgZ·t™**ecXtZŠZxñ‹ZmwÆZ¤Z»8~î OÌ0YìX

CÃZyÓxçZ]ÐDÛZëHYñZ¹vyàMhX~ D: X4

ŠgCqŠU*]ÔZÌÔ!*gzŠÔiFu4Ô)n{”{mZÌÔ©oÔZ!Ã],8-ÅÇÔ(ÏzYŠRVZzg½»VáïptZ-J-özŠ7X

CY!*<mZ¼Zzg±HVZÒZjwMäYäÆŠzgZyic*ŠCÔŸŠÔc*ZZY»¶K:kXZ+ßgÂV~CYÅ™«Ãñ‹ZÎgÂÅ¼Š|VZzgQyÆ!*ÚZ¾mÅY+$ÐÛZë™Š{DÆfg)4¯c*YYìXz{´º˜V¤9VÃgZ]Æz‰ÜjwÐÁgzÝzZàvÃV6,^™zZ:Y**7,}ÔÂZyÆÀzVc*LV6,g$¨Ò5¿.ç GEGHc*gÅ¨Ò5½3ð

EGH_ÎNc*¡Ó4ø

EGIÑV$»ÈznHYñXZ#Zzg˜Ve

ƒÔ(qgZ]~pZ&¤]]ÅÈZ‚ÛZðÆañŠƒVX´z{Zi,Ô(6,z¤/ZñV~±YVZzgúgÂVÃŠg7pszCÙZkÅRÅôZãáïƒãecX

egZzgps~ŠvUƒVÆ‚Bf6Š!*ƒÔŸŠÔic*ŠC #{)®)»){ŠZOx: X5

ZzgZqÐiáïXZ‚E+{Ã#{)®)ÆµZOxÆ§jÅF,šMqÝ™**ec@*egZzgpsÆzq5+k,:ƒäÃD¯c*YñXKãwZÆZEwc*ÛzrÅj,Z‚ÛZð7™ãecX

_.!*CZzgf6#bz‹ŠÃZkÆ7g}Úø~ŒYñËÛŠÆ #bz‹Š: X6

aHZYì:gKÔDÔ£g}.#ÖÔ½Š¶ZzgqÝ™äzZßVÆŠgxy©]~pÎZg~Zzg¤/xÙX¤9VÅ#bz‹ŠÃD¯äÆaZEw

70 g‚ðZzg(âjw

ÅYäzZàu¤/ñV~¢Åg~F,¹ÔkY!*b¬ïZzgZh¡Ã(,Jä6,Âz%ÃiÅYñX#bz‹ŠÃD¯**ÔËgŠc*)gŠ(6,z¤/Zx¤AVÅ»x!

ŠA(X 1 6,e 49 Ð”w»Ì!*)áCìX);CzY7,@*wz„Æ™

½ZðZzg¿Z=CÈuÅ¢zgc*]Ã(âjwÐ!*CÙjwÆ½Zð ½Zá: X7

6,z¤/ZñVc*Šv½ZðDÆ6,z¤/ZñVÆfg)c*Y**ecXZ¤/ZjwÆ½Zð6,z¤/ZñV6,¿ŠgMæHYñÂZke~ŠvZŠZgzVÆZEw”{0gÉèo

6,77 Åcz~™ãec}¬@pgZu6,z¤/Zx)jwÆ½Zð6,z¤/ZxÅz„™Š&ÀŸ/õ GG(X 2e

:œ1] 3 g‚ðZzg(âjw£g(œ1]IzZáÅKã¡Æa‚iÇgƒCX

)gZÉâFÆ‚B57,JYñ( ã~ZágZ]:(qgZ]Zzg£xšÒpCÙËÆa‡.Þg‚ðƒDX /(âjwÅuzŠ»çzZãƒ@*ìZzg˜VoƒƒÔz;V´â]ÎDX /(£xÅ8‚|#ßgwÆ_.ñizVƒCìZzgZk~)oVÔZOðÔ /

(1 ôZzgÌðÅœ1]Æaoƒ(áïƒCìÔ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgZÉâFX)®)~(ZzgBVÆZ"3Œé EGâ]ÃIzZáZzgZ*ŠÆ_.ƒ**ec2Úƒ /ZzgŠgzzRÆ_.ƒV@*ÑÇ§hVZzgIzZáÆ$©î EG0ÃÃÛzrqÝƒX

(1 )Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgZÉâFX

71 g‚ðZzg(âjw

(2 (âjwÅyz¼Z“~ñ‹ÅÑ•ƒCì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgZÉâFX /(âjw~ãCŠ~¡ZzgKã¡ÃÛzrŠc*Y@*ìX //ÔZzgSà½Å¢zgc*]Zzg»çVÆ_.ÌðÅoƒœ1]øw /

(3 mzgZÛZŠÅg‚ðÛZëÅYC)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgZÉâFX(£x6,ÅW»™s0*ãZzgfZCÌðÆaoƒlZg~0*ãŠø7[ƒ@* /

(4 ì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgZÉâFX

gZÉâF

ZOò‚|#Åñiz+MÆîsZ~ŠZEwÆa)uòßgw ZOò‚|#: X1

Æˆ(Šø7[PZzgñ‹ÅÑ•ƒãecÔMc*£ò©xZzgc*£òñ‹ZkÅoƒÑ†6,ŠN¸w™MhÔtqg]¬gèÔ4xÔxÔzWc*ñ!*Lƒ$ËìX

qgzfsÁÜf‚~gO:£òîg6,¢asZzgzŠø7[ƒÂqg]y™ãecXZ,ZŠZâ]K XYäeqgZ]ÁÑ†zZàƒVZzg8}.z{w)}>Zzgoiw(0*GZgƒVX

£g~D+göZzg(âjwÃÛzrŠ¶ÆaoƒgzÝÔƒZÅ XMæzgÄZzgwZg])Z#¢zg]ƒ(Šø7[ƒãeX

£òîg6,#Ò)®)ÆaZq-Ç£g~uHgƒãecZ¤/ŠZïV X~ZŸ†ƒ@*ìÂZŸ°#Ò)oVÆa'×h+(ÅÛZbÅÃÒ™ã

72 g‚ðZzg(âjw

ec@*¯VÆZEwÐ(F,¹~ZŸ†ƒX

(6,z¤/ZñVÃ`äÆaÜsZkaZOg¢zg~7èÃg{!*Ñ X]ãCŠ~ZÐZ_5¼?ç HFÆZbZYZzgñizV(qÝƒYñX@*ëtZbZYÎ¢eƒnÔ½™ŠØYäeX)^©2.ç

EGJ®£gZ]Å!*"$Z*

ZöZ~Z~Ïe~Xgzx6,v©2.ç EGJ£gZ]ÆgZVÃŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG(X

~œ1])}šMZsYÔzZR,')4ø FFz){(ZzgÛo)} (âjwÅ¼Z“ X2

elÔ™(VÔ®({ÔZÓgc*Vz){(áïƒãeX

~k™Ã1äÎ**)?iÔÃh}ŠZy(ïÏM[)EÙzVÔ ÌðÅœ1] X3

**CV(ZzgfZCøÈ¡ZzgšMZs&<{âVÅÌðÆañizVlZg~0*ãŠø7[ƒX(âjw~%ŠzVZzgpZ&Æae{e{šMZsZzgoƒ6,Š}»ZOxƒ**ecXúgÂVÆaÌðÅq,Šø7[ƒãeX)™»ZOxz

^©2.çEGJ6,ZÆgZÆ MSEE CD-ROM Z¾Zx6,^©2.ç

EGJ£gZ]Æav

ŠB(

£ò&ÎZÑZò£gZ]Æ_.(âjwÆZ0+gc*4,ŠO£x6,Šø7[ƒ** 0*ã X4^©2.çEGJ6,ZÆ MSEE CD-ROM ecX)^©2.ç

EJGzZR,£gZ]ÆavgZÆŠB(

73 g‚ðZzg(âjw

g‚ðz(âjw:

eY]:;CzY7,@*àz„ 1e

uz}Æºm§i»g£òßgwZzgpÄ6,«ƒÇXŠg`fsZñg;CzY4~ZzgbàÆç5]ÃäÆaçzy¥â]ÆqïƒDX

ÀòqÑ]œ)àäzZázZu]ÅZ’ZYÆz‰Ü”VÆ£tÅÜszgi~ÅHßgw¶? /HŸŠÅßgw»ƒìc*z{”VZzgQyÆ{0+ZâVÆa°xDÆâjwÃ /',ŒÛZggÇƒñì?Mc*{0+ZyZNg{gì? /

HQ¹{§pZ{ï]$4lç GOì? /{0+ZâVÃ!*z‡g§jÐi0+Ï¦/ZgäZzgZL”VÃ¼Z“ZzgDÛZë™äÆ /‡.Þ¯äÆaHHYg;ì?'×h+HHYYì?

ñ‹~)]»Dg”VÅçz-$ÆaÀòu¤/xVH? /;CzYZ»Z[Š¶ZzgZkÐÖÆañ‹ÆÀò§i;ñ»gH /?Z¹¢oZzgLù¯c*YYì?

74 g‚ðZzg(âjw

M!*Š~»Àòg‚›ZzgYÄz‚”VÆDZzg¼Z“ÃùOW,™@*ì? /”VZzgQyÆ{0+ZâVÅi0+Ï¬™äÆqÑ]Ã4™äÆaÁZŠZâ]6, /cgMæHYYì?Hñ‹~Z,ZÛZŠñŠ”VÃ!*‡°{u¤/xV})gŠ½ÔöZzgô /ÛZë™Mh?

zZ−+zZ−+ÃŠg7)]ZzgŠ!*ƒÅâÎHìTÐZyÅ#bz‹ŠOW,ƒg„ì /2z{ZL”VÅ¼Z“ù™D?SkÂ~¶ÑäÅ{§±è LEZŠZâ]6,cgMæHYYì?X /Mc*zZ−+ZLpDÂx»g~Š~ÀòZYi]Ðic*Š{”VÃâgD©tÃMD? /Mc*zZ−+ÆañZµñŠz{6,.y±è NE)]6,cZzg×e$qÝ™Ã@* /z{ZzgQyÆaZkÐûÃ?

aH”VÅ**oƒ6,zglZzg¼Z“ÅYg„ì? /”VÅ¼Z“~4~ÑäÆaÃµZŠZâ]ZVäeÂ? /Mc*Z,aÌË? /Mc*Z,aÌñŠYgq:Zzg%æFNŸŠ§jÐ',@*ƒ™gì? /

H”VÃpDîg6,oƒñZµÛZëÔKYDz{Z]ÔìÑ]ZzgÎZÑ] /z{gnpÔÆ0!*]’A™Ã?H”VÃÉ»ñµMì? /HË”VÔœV~îs²J-gzZá”VZzg{”VÅSà¢zgc*]» /ìwg3Y@*ì?

75 g‚ðZzg(âjw

}.â]H(zŠvu¤/ñVÃZkZ0+Zi~ÛZëHY@*ìaZ¦ZŠÆ!*‡°{ÛzrÅ /u¤/ñV~Ñ•™äÆ‡.ÞƒVZzg©wÆZkZˆkÃŠz!*g{‡ìgO?HC{¦/+!*½VZzg”VÃZ+Y}.â]J-g‚ðqÝìZyÆ)bi /™ä~æŠŠ,?HZ,Âx”VÆ;CzY)bÆi~çzyU*"$ƒV? /HZ‚E+{ÃF,šMZzgçz-$ÛZëÅYCì?HZ’Zðøy¡ZzgŠv}.â]Æ /aoŠø7[ìZy”VÅ4çzy}.â]ÛZë™}?Hf6¡ÅZ+Sà}.â]ñŠ˜V”VÃ™ßgw~5Yñ? /

Y1994 â~.:-&4iý EGÔC{¦/+”VÐâpf:DZzgZôoÔ-Z+ZÝÏWgÔ

76 g‚ðZzg(âjw

:jwÆ½Zð6,z¤/ZxÅ7,@*àz„ 2eZ¤/”VÆ(ZŠZâ]ÆapgZuÃzaŒYg;ìÂøDfsÎZÑ]7Þ¹Zë

ì:

6,z¤/ZxÆ£œZ¤/pgZuÅ?m,Š~Yg„ìÂZÐùZEwHYñÇ?jw~3**ŠbÔpgZu /

yáY**Ô»xÆa3**ŠbÔF,šMÆa3**ŠbÔZ‚E+{Æa3**Šb?ñŠ{ßgw~jw»½Zð6,z¤/Zx)c*Šv(oƒYVì? /Sk6,z¤/ZxÆ£œH?HXi{3ä»ZEw½~³™Š{¢zgc*]Ã7gZ /

™ä~@U*"$ƒÇ?H3**”VÅ{à(,~®ZŠÃzZãîg6,jwMäÆagZá™}Ç?Sy~ÐÃyÐ£œuòßgwÆaºm? /

HM\Æ0*kSy£œ)pgZuÔwÔŠZ¼Zzgq¢~ÆZ°ZŠzÑgz){(Ð /ÖÅ¢zg]»Zi7™äÆa¢zg~Z°ZŠzÑg?

Z@Z°M!*Š~6,z¤/ZxÐZ.Š{™äzZáÃyßv? /HM\Æ0*k¢zg~Z°ZŠzÑg@*Zk!*]»Ø`c*YnƒÐic*Š{OW,{ /c*ƒÐic*Š{ZæZŠ)pgZuÆDÅßgwÔ(Z°ZŠzÑgÔŠZ¼z){(Æ

77 g‚ðZzg(âjw

¢zg]qjwc*´ºÃyÐ?ÃyÐ¤/z\pgZuyáYäÐÃZ+{ZVÃÐ)}±HVÔZöz){(? /

Z¦ZŠ»g~ZŸ†Ô0*GZg~ZzggZ‚»g~6,z¤/ZxÆM¸iÐIZ¦ZŠ~ZŸ†ÅÃu¤/xV¢zg~? /HjßVÆ0*koƒ‚iz‚âyìjw~3**Š¶Æ6,z¤/ZxÅ×e$ÅYn /)}0*ãJ-g‚ðÔ3äåäÅœ1]Ô',@z){(?

ñ‹ÔzZ−+ZzgpŠ”VÆŠgxy½ÆañŠ{ÔHì?pgZuZÐ¾§b /$+áÏ?

ñ‹ÔzZ−+ÔZ‚E+{ÔCYÔY½ÆZ−gpgZuÆ”gs™ZäÃ¾§bÐŠÙ /?HpgZuÆZEwÐñ‹ÆZ0+gZzgZyÆâÎÚi¬]Àhec*(,"»Zkyì?pgZuÅF,−ÑzqƒäÐI¾n»ZÐZ_5¼?ç HFñŠƒ**ec?±ø LnÆ”wZzg /ÛZbÆÂx»Èzn™äÅ¢zg]ƒÏ?3äÅ»g~Zzg”VÃ3**Š¶ÐI¾n»ZÐZ_5¼?ç HFñŠƒ**ec? /ŠÃF,ÔÍŠZñVZzgR,Z¡g^ÆZezVÆªxÆaÁZŠZâ]Æ™äÅ¢zg] /ƒÏ?8ñZ&]?Çhc*VZzggZ5?HZ‚E+{Zzg‚âyÅ»°®ZŠñŠìZzgHZŸ°CYÃräZzgèäÆa /oƒZÐZ7šñŠì?Zk!*]»HZkyì¬Ð1ÍÂÄ½pgZuÆ”gs™ZäÐ'×h+1ÍƒYñ?HpgZuÅÛZbÃ',ŒÛZgg3YñÇ?Z¤/Z(ìÂù?pgZuÅZæZŠÃ%³zZg /zZ:heÅÕiHì?t½6,ùZW,eZáÏ?

HZk´ºc*ŒÛR´V~½6,ŠvZKã£tÆZŠZg}»x™gì?Hz{ /

78 g‚ðZzg(âjw

ZL(6,z¤/ZñV~pgZuÃgzaZEw™ä»µ/gnp?Z¤/Z(ìÂ¾§b?Hz{gZ‚™ä6,gŸq?HpgZuZZŠZgzVÅY+$ÐÚ

ZzgáZF,ZEwÅYñÏ?pgZuÅÚÛZbÐZq-jw&´‘ÐCYZzgZ‚E+{Šzu}jw&´‘Ã¾uJ-vƒVÐ?øg}c*øg}Ñ»Y»gÆaoÅZ]H?HoÅñŠ{®ZŠZKñŠ{ /f)ŠZg-VÐZZsK%pgZuÔZæZŠ(6,z¤/ZxÆZOxÃewáÏ?H'×h+ZŸ†Å¢zg]ì?

ZâYzZ»k»ZN[Zzg½Zð¢zgc*]»ZN[M\HpgZuÛZë™äzZá? /

H6,z¤/Zx~pgZuyáY**áïƒÇ?6,z¤/ZxÅôZãùÅYñÏ? /pgZuÅÃyÏZ»kŠø7[? /HjwÆ”V~Fg~Ô½ZáÅ¶c*ic*ŠCÆºm)b?Z¤/Z(ìÂH /Z»kÆZN[c*ÛZbÆfg)ºmgKñK½Zð¶ÃŠzgHYYì?pDîg6,jwÆ”VÅ½ZðF,¶]ZzgfztH? /

½ZðDZzg¡zÌð»ìwHjßV~¡zÌðÅœ1]ZzgÅW»0*ãŠø7[ì? /t6,z¤/ZxpgZu»Z"3Œé EGxe%zZáZÛZŠÃ½Š¶Zzg!*Z(g¯äÅ{§F,šMÅ /ÛZbÃùF,KMŠ}Yì?0*ãÆMßŠÏÆç{ÃùÁHYYì? /HjwÆ”V~(,~M-$ÆQzVÅÒ]»X0*c*Y@*ì?Z¤/Z(ìÂH /QzVÃ»™äÆa!*‡°{´`ÅÛZbZzgjw~3**Š¶»¢zg~bz

79 g‚ðZzg(âjw

ƒÇ?HjwÆ”VÆaZkz‰ÜZÝMðz~&Zi+iÆZôï(6,z¤/ZxŠø7[? /ZÝMðz~&Zi+iÅZôï½Ã6,z¤/ZxÆem,ZíÐù%1oHYYì? /Z¤/Z‚E+{ZÝMðz~&Zi+i»DgƒDÂuòµ/È~HƒÏ? /

Zz‡]ZæZŠ~M6,c»áµŠzgZ6Hì? /M6,cÆCÙZq-%³ÆaHZ°ZŠzÑgŠø7[)Z’ZðY,{ÔãCŠ~ïÔôZãz /Y,{(?pgZu“Šø7[ƒÏ? /6,z¤/ZxÆM¸iÐIz;V6,Z¦ZŠ»g~ZŸ†Åu¤/xVHƒVÏZzgM¸iÅáµ /@*gõHì?gµ)ZzgˆZiZVbà(ZæZŠÃ%³zZgùHYñÇZzg¾§bZzg¹Voƒ /ƒÇ?F,ªC%³ÅûZgÃÃùqÝHYñÇ?

¾ŠyÇy)ez3,i(Zkã¾ŠyÇyÃy?¾ŠyÇyÆz‚b“Šø7[ƒVÐ? /

H¾ŠyÇyÆaVà6,z¤/ZxÆ©Æ0Zq-YìZzg×6,z¤/ZxÅ?m,»g™àì? /‚w?)Z¤/pgZu¾ŠyÇyÐF 10-5 ‚wÔ 2-1 ¾ŠyÇyÐpgZu“J-zßwƒÏ?F¹Ô /

¸VÆaŠø7[ƒÂ4tƒÇZÐjwÆ½Zð6,z¤/ZxÅOñZ‚E+{ÅF,(ÆaZEwHYñÑzqƒä~ÁZiÁz‰ÜáÇ?

¬@6,z¤/Zx',ZñpgZuÔuòßg]qw~jwÅpgZuÆaµ/È~Xßg]qw»‹tÔ6,z¤/Zx â~.:Å´gµuzwÔsB¨:Wc* http://www.wfp.org; YXzd$‚V$ 2004 ÅúÔÎfÔ

www.crs.org. pgZuÃgfg=ZEwHY@*ìÔÆaŠBÔzd$‚V$

80 g‚ðZzg(âjw

81 g‚ðZzg(âjw

D+göZzg½ X3¬gs

]âCÙ+½Æatê™**Âƒ@*ìD+göÆaHqZëìXuòßgw~7™Š{(}.â]pZ{z{gŠƒVc*)gŠÔ7,JñYäzZá»[pZ{z{M!*ðoc*ö!*yoÆƒVZzgIÆaF,¶]pZ{z{’Ô&zZgZ:{c*(Y,}ZëŸ™äÅ¢zg]ƒÏX»!ÃU*ãc*F,¹Å¢zg]ÃÌæÃg3YYìX

t¹¢zg~ì½IzZßVÅ¢zgc*]Æ_.ƒXZkÆañ‹Æ‚Bp[ï™»x™äZzgZyÅ(¢zgc*]ÆçÆaQyÐ@Zc*]zßw™äÅ¢zg]ƒCìXÀòîg6,ZkÐ%ZŠñŠ{(ÂxZ¤/eƒÂZkÆfg)„»x`c*Yñ:e{ÐÂx

úŠØYNXZk»ÈìÓx(Ã@Vøw(ñZŠÐ0hV~ñ‹ÅdwÑ•6,izgŠc*YñXZCñYäzZá»[ÃIzZßVÅñŠ{ZzgwÅáµ¢zgc*]Ð_.ƒ**ecZzgQy¥â]ÐëM}ƒ**ecjñ‹ÃdZyÅzzÐps”{qÑ]Æ!*)¢zg]ƒ}i0+ÏÅ'g'ÔZðÅ½Ôà~½Ô»y0ÐMÇ„Ô¡Ô½ZáÔZÝMðz~&Zi+iÔZKã£tZzgâjw´z{Zi,z{ajw7YDÔZyÆzZ−+Ô),gÍVZzgøzx¤/z7VÃi0+ÏÅ'gÂVÅ½Šø7[ƒãecX

uò(6,z¤/ZxZq-nÆ;CzYZŠZxƒDYèZyÆfg)Zq-Y**T**(âjw‡ìHY@*ìÔZq-!*‡°{].zw½HY@*ìZzgwÅ!*"$ZyÅ™y›ðYCìX

81 D+göz½

½½™ä~zs¿CÙZq-¿SîZ‚E+{ZzgjwZOðÃ¤9V6,;CzY

ZW,Z]~¶™äÆaZL™ŠZg~raZ™ãecX(}.â]~t!*]tÅYCìßvZ§hVZzgZgëgÐHZzgZ¹(¿~dw§jÐÑ•™äÅ¢zg]ƒCìXßÍVÃ!íW,îg6,½qÝ™äÆaÑÇD+göZzg(&»45»4è

GEGGøw¤DÃ%œ/~wŠ¶zZá§hVÆÂx¢zg~ƒDX”VÆjZáÐZCñ‰§hV~ÛŠÅ¢zgc*]Ô’ÔZÐZŠ~F,¹ÔYZgnoZzg(Y,}Æa¢zg~D+g+'g'Šg»gƒCX!*½VÆaD»”w@*§]ZzgŠ!*Cƒ**ecXZ#ZyÆDÆ”w~ZŸ†ƒYñÇÂz{ZkÑÅŠgZzgmÃŠNÃÐZ,Vä5ìZzgZ¹

ZLqÝ™Š{D~dwÑ»Yƒä»ñµŠc*ŠHX

Z#7,JäzZá)F,šMc*CƒVÂtZ•ð¢zg~ìz{:ÜsãCŠ~p}~ÉuòqÑ]ÐSàmgppzZáñç¬]~ÌñizVF,šMqÝ™,XZ@Z°M!*Š~Å

;CzY¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™äÆa'×h+F,šMÌŠg»gƒÏX

ñ‹Y'eSìÓ‘ZyÆ”VÅ½Ãt™,ÏZzgtZyÆaZK½ÃZd½ZzggziÇgÅg‚ðÆ”wÆaZEw™ÃÐXZÝ¡÷tƒCìMc*Ó‘Ô(ZŠZg}ZzgMèÃg{»[ZzgZ‹ŠÃt™DX¤DÅZJã»g™ŠÏÃ‡âã¯äÆ‚B‚B

¤/cu"3©5½3ï HGEGGHCÅ»xçVÃt™DZzgZ¹jwYäÅ’q-ŠïX'+zZàßgwZzg{m™¤&™äÆ¿~ñrZŠZg}ZzgQkoŠzâVÆ‚BëwèZ™Z]KYDXVwÆîg6,îsZ~Š~'+zZáqÑ]~»[÷÷UŠZgóóƒ**ecZzgtM!*ðoZzgö!*yoŠzâV~‡.ÞJwƒXZkÆa{™´‡ðZzgÎZÑàZgnoŠg»gƒ@*ì@*Z˜´~(u¤/ñVZzg'+Å®ZŠ~ëM°ÑðYñX

82 D+göz½

ÓxŠgVÆaœu£gZ]ÆgzZ*

z{¿TÆfg)Ãð(gŠ¿»gHYñZzgZk6,¿ŠgMæHYñÔZKZW,5+k,~ÆaZ•ðZëƒ@*ìXtvÓxŠgVÆaœu£gZ]Æ‚B5™ZEwHYññ‹

ÅÑ•Ô£òz‚bÔZ’ZðY,}ÔgŠ¿ÔôZãZzgøá»Zq©™@*ìX!*<mÔ‚¢ÐOW,{ZÛZŠøwçZ]ÆDg¤/z7VÅÑ•Ãic*Š{Ðic*Š{HYñ@*Zkñiz+MZzg£gÃD¯c*YñX

tâÎÆZ±gÐlZg~ƒDZzg(gŠ¿ÅÛZb~qÝK Àò£gZ]:YäzZáÀòŠgVÅzŸs#™DX

tz{÷÷´â]óóƒCtCCMc*£gqÝƒŠHìXt6,z¤/ZñV ã~ZágZ]:ÆZW,Z]c*}ò2ZEwK‰¿§hVÃâ+ZzgZyÅF,−™ä»fg=½™D

XtZágZ]£g~c*lZg~ƒMhX

Zy~z{ºmï]áïqZqÑ]~£gZ]ZzgZágZ]Æ gÉâF:Z:tÔi)]ÐÖÆ!*g}~gÉðZzgF,Áç5]~tg}Æz‰Üik,gÑc*Y**ecXZy~£gZ]c*ZágZ]Ð0Zëç5]ÌáïƒMhZzgqD

~jZ!Y] 2 ¥â]~Z%Ã]Ô6,.yÁßg]qwc*ñÒyKYMhXvÅZq-Éz„áïìT~Zk{Ð0Àò)bZzgºm/ç5]ŠzâVÆ!*g}~¥â]Æâ~.Å¶K0+„ÅìX

83 D+göz½

D+göZzg½

84 D+göz½

:»[ 1 £g´»[ÃpDÔYZzg—ãÒpÐSàuòqÑ]ÆañizVgŠZzg)gŠ½ÛZë™äÆaZEwHY@*ìX

:F,šM 2 £gZ‚E+{ZzgŠvo

½¢zgc*]ZzgqÑ]Æ

_.²YCÔ!*ÑZzg´F,šMqÝ™@*ìX

:½ 3 £g¤DÔ½»%œ/~™ŠZgÔÑq-»gZzgZk~áïƒ@*ìX

Y,{ :4(»xçV»Y,{heZzgZ¹!íW,¯ä

Æaoƒ§jZEwKYDX

jZ!Y]Zzgâ~.Çà 2:vD+göz½v

:»[ 1 D+göZzg½£g

)gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]ñŠ{»[»/c*›zúÆ%ZiÔi!*yÔpÄÅñiz+MZzguòqÑ]ÐOW, /Z¦ZŠ»gZzg¢zgc*]ÆjZáÐY,{1Y@*ìÔ»[ÃøD¢zg]ZEwH

(3-1 Y@*ìÔZ~.HY@*ìc*ZŸ†HY@*ìX)ŠBâF

Z#»!F,¹c*Z~.Å¢zg]ƒCìÂSk¿~³Å!*pÑ•»ZÈxHY@* /(3-1 ìZzg!›Ð)4èGEÅZdŠwVZzg¢zgc*]6,gHY@*ì)ŠBgÉâF

»[i0+ÏÅ'gÂVÔpZ0+ÏÔÑgc*]Zzguòßg]qwÆñŠ{%ZiÐ0 /ãCŠ~½ÅZÝ&6V»æZzZ™@*ìX»[Z‚E+{ZzgCYÅ;CzY4~Å¢zgc*]»ìwg‚rì@*z{uò /ßg]qwÐ¬Zzgˆ~i0+Ï¦/gZäÆ4îg6,‡.ÞƒÃX)ŠB

(6 gÉâ^(ñZŠÔ‚iz‚âyZzg½Z‚E+{ZzgCYÅi!*âV~Š~YCìXSî½Æ /

(7 Z’Zð‚ßV~)ŠBgÉâ^X»[Zzg§T½CYÅñŠ{¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™DZzgwÆ(ñZµÃ /

(8 ÛzrŠï)ŠBgÉâ^

85 D+göz½

»[Zzg(ñZŠÆZˆkÆ_.ƒ@*ìXàqÃtHY@*ìZzgCYÆ /(9 ZŠZxÃÛzrŠc*Y@*ìX)ŠBgÉâ^

Z#¢zg]ƒÂzZÛD+g+(‚iz‚ây(u¤/ñVÃg7g^™äÆa /',z‰ÜŠc*Y@*ìX0*GZg~ÆjZáÐ£òîg6,Šø7[‚iz‚âyÃF,ßŠ~YCì)ŠBgÉ

(10 â^

gÉâF

Æµ/¿ÅwzZãÅYñCÆDZzgãCŠ~¥â]~ZŸ† »[ X1

™}XÀò£gZ]Æ£œÆa»[ÃçzyZ˜bÆîg6,ZEwHY@*ìZzgZk»gŠZzg)gŠŠzâVZlxÆ(6,z¤/ZñV6,Z:tƒ@*ìXZk~(£œÔ(ñZŠÔD+g+§i;ñ»gZzg2Ô(‚iz‚âyZzgY,}Æ§jáïƒDXgŠZzg)gŠŠzâV(6,z¤/ZñVÅgÉð»[™@*ìTÅ&45é ENEGŠCYÆDZzgŠ"6,g¿YCìZzgtèÃg{âjwÐ0ƒ@*ìXÀò£gZ]Æaqgzfs=%]ZEwÅYC:(£œÔDÔ'gÂVZŠZgZzggz-VÅ¶K0+„™D(u¤/ñVÆfg) DqÝKYNÐ;

(ñZŠÔz{‚iz‚ây)DÔ'g'ÔZŠZgZzggzb(ƒ@*ì&7,Jc*5Yñ; DD+g+§T;ñ»gÐ'ç NZŠÉ”{Z0+Zi„ì(ñZŠ7™äÆaZEw Dƒ@*ì;

c*Z0+Zi„Qk§i»gÆbz»**xìù¦§T;ñ»gÆÂxÃ D+g+2 D`äÆaúŠc*Y@*ì;

86 D+göz½

(‚iz‚âyÐ'ç NZŠÂÁÔ77ZzgŠvD+g+z(‚âyì; D

´gŠZzg)gŠ(»[Ã£g~(ñZŠ»qïƒ**ec»ZˆkgÇZzg(£gÆ_.ƒ2Qyi!*âV~ƒ&CZzgZ‚E+{ŠzâV™ÃXÑÇ

§T»gÆÂñVÃ»[»Zq-Ñiò8~î Oƒ**ec@*CYÃZK½~Zq-u¤/x™ŠZgZŠZ™äÅj,Z‚ÛZðÅYnX¹÷÷£g~½óóZzg÷÷½óóÅ=%]

(123 Z˜q]™ 1 ÆaŠBvX»[»ZkZ%ÃD¯äÆaY,{¢8ec /ÆañizVZzg›zúÆ%Zi: :2

t:Üs/ÆÒpÐñizVìÉZkÆ›zúÆ%µÌCYÅF,¹Æ_.ƒVX/Zzg›zúÆ%µuòßg‹qw~gŠZzg)gŠ(6,z¤/Zx~»°uJ-ZƒMhXÆa»[Zzg§i;ñ»gÃZCäÅ¢zg]ƒCìXZ˜b÷÷ñizV/óóÐ'ç NZŠ/ÆZëF,+‚ßV»²ƒ@*ì²›zúÆÒpÐñizV»ÈCYÅÇ¢zgc*]ZzgKãz[F,¹ìX

»¿Zq-îsZzgÂ%³ìXpuòqÑ]~»[Ãö!*yoc* »!F,¹ X3

ZÝoc*Švuòßg]Æ_.ZCc*Y@*ìXt!*]¹ZëìgŠc*)gŠ½ÆM¸iÆz‰Ü»[ÆaÓxCYÅSà¢zgc*]»ìwg3YñX

(±HVÔ¯k~(,~/ÆCYÔjw CAFF ~Jg[ÂVÐzZha)ghäzZáZzg!*ÚCYáïXZkZ%ÃD¯**Ì(,Z¢zg~ì³»[Åú~',Z',Ñq-ƒDZzg(6,z¤/ZñV»£g~Y,{1Y@*ìXZ¬øwCYÔñ‹ÆZgZWÔZ‚E+{Ôœª»gÔ(©xZzg6,z¤/Zx$4-?çGEEzVÐxzg]™ãecX

87 D+göz½

Z#uòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyc*ZiZVgŠ(6,z¤/ZxÑzqKYNZzg¢zg~ìwHYñÂàg”{6,ZÎ~ZzgU*â~jwÆ»[ÃZCäZzgSÐñW,¯äÃF,ßŠ~YñXC{¦/eVÆgŠ(6,z¤/ZñVÆaQyÆZÝzíÆ»[ÃZCäÃZÌŠ~Yñ@*gŸ»gZ:zízZ3Ãe¯c*YñXZ¤/pt¿åe

7ƒ@*XC{¦/+Zzgö!*yoÆúÒzVÃZyêY]6,åîg6,gHY**ecX

4tƒÇîsZ=CC{¦/+ƒäÅßg]qw~»[Ã÷÷ŠzâV§hV»‚oóó™äÅ¢zg]ƒCìZzgtZÝoZzgö!*yoŠzâVÆa‡.ÞJwƒVXZkÆa£/´‡ðZzgZÚZàgZ‚»g~Å¢zg]ƒCì@*Z˜´~Yg~(u¤/ñVÃC{¦/eVÆZŸ°1úÐ%1oHYñX

ÃCYÅÚøÔ¢zgc*]Ô/ZzgZ¦ZŠÆ_.ú oƒ(§T»gÆÂñV X4

ŠbecQyÆañizVƒVXuòßg‹qwÆZ’Zð%ZiÆŠzgZy6§hVÆÂx»ÎfƒYìŠ/»gZ‚E+{Æ‚B‚BCYÔzZ−+Zzgñ‹ÆZgZWÆaŠ!*ƒ»!*)¶Zkp~ÃuÐic*Š{Zzg!F,ìw™,XuòqÑ]ZzgZ’Zðyâ~½ÃZ‚E+{ÃgzZî(Âx~p~»Zq-ñµÛZë™**ecptp~Ñ•Zzg½ÆŠz*:§hVÃ(,~ZôoZzgZˆkÆ‚B

”gs™Z™ÑãecX)gŠZŠZâ]Æ‚BCÆ%œ/~™ŠZgÐ0Z0+Zi;ñ„ÃgŸ»gzVÔ¬CVZzgœª»gzVÅF,šMÆfg)°Z|g”gs™Z**ecX

Å(ñZŠc*F,šMZ‚E+{Æ‚iz‚âyÅ»g~c*zßàÐI¶K0+„ ãCŠ~Z¦ZŠ X5

88 D+göz½

™ãecX¿pZ0+ÏZzgZ°ZŠÑg~Æ´z{ãCŠ~½ÅãCŠ~Z¦ZŠ»È¢zg~DÔ'g'ÔgÍbZzgwìXÅuòßg]~OW,{M!*Š~ÆCÃ¢zg]ƒCì@*z{ZKñ‹ZzgoÆZgZWÅwÐZy~½7gZzg!*pÑ•™ÃX

6,gHY**ecZzguò ;CzY¢zgc*]ÅF,¹ CYÆ‚B‚B(pÅ X6

ßg]qwøwdZyZzgbà~Sy»Z0+Zi{HY**ecXgŠZzg)gŠ(oÅ)bÆDgCYÅ´â]ÃYi~F,šMŠ´ecZzgSyÆiÆa{§pZ{ZŠZâ]ZVäe@*CY(âjw~ZL',@*ƒ»4ZÖg™ÃXjZ!YCÂx;ñ»gÃ(pÆazZãîg6,QyCYÃZŸ°çz-$ÛZë™äÅ¶K0+„™ãec™)b»DgƒVX”VZzg(,}ZÛZŠœóÐŠzegƒVÔÆaD+g+§hV~‡.Þ7ÍðeJçÔÂz%Ãi™äÆa¿(ci+ÔµZíï§T»gÔ(u¤/ñV~ÓxCYÅÑ•Zzgçz**CöáïƒäecXo½Å;CzY¢zgc*]6,Ì¨gHY**ecYèèÃg{oÌOW,{M!*Š~Ðmg‚rìZzgZÒCYÅ§bz{ÌQy„‰Š!*ƒZzgœó»‚o™@*

ìXF,šMÔôZãZzgâˆçz-$~SyÁÜÃzZãîg6,ik,¨gÑc*Y**ecX',Zñ;CzY7,@*wz„;'×h+ŠB 74™1 )ŠBg‚ðZzg(âjwe

(106™3 ZzgZ‚E+{ZzgŠvo½£g 68™2 g‚ðZzg(âjw£g

:C{¦/+ÃSk!*]6,6g™****oƒìQyÆ(6,z¤/Zx~ö!*y i!*y X7

oÆ£gZ]øwQyÅZKi!*âV»ZEwZzg»[áïƒX@*ëQyCYÆw6,¢zggHY**ecSîZ,CYuòßg‹qwÆˆZK7,Jð

Yg~gppÅpZégnpXZKãŠz„¬ö!*yÓáVÅSke~¹

89 D+göz½

ic*Š{j,Z‚ÛZð™Dz{Z,C{¦/+CYÃQyÆZLyc*ZKòi!*âV~7,"ÅZYi]Š,XZ(™äÅßg]~ÓxZëF,+(ñZŠÔZ‚E+{ÅgÉ

ÃÔCYÅŠgÏÃÔŠv’k,~Zzgzy~ñZŠCYZzgZ‚E+{ÅZKi!*y~7ìÔ»D+göz½ÆaF,À™äÅ¢zg]ƒÏXZ¤/Z(™äÅZYi]7Š~YCÂCYÅZKi!*yÅ:ZzgZŸ°¯ÎVZzgu¤/ñV»ZÈxHY**ecX

:(ñZŠ»ç™Dz‰ÜQkDÔ'gÂVZzgi!*âV6,g (ñZŠZzgãCŠ~¦gZ] X8

HY**ecCYÆauòßg‹ÆCÙ%µ6,ÆƒVZzgQy'gÂV6,Š·yŠbecQyuòßg]qwÆŠzgZyZzgˆZiZVpŠUgZzgð NŠqi0+Ï¦/Zgä

ÆaQyÅZ¦ZŠ~ZŸ†™}ZzgZ¹(ñZµJ-g‚ðgppÆ‡.Þ¯ñXoƒ(ñZŠZzg&45é ENEGŠ~¦gZ]~qgzfsÃáïƒ**ecX

'gÂV6,FF¡Å½)/Zzguòßg‹qwÆañizV(Z’Zð? DZæZŠÔÂ6~¡ÔÒîg6,vƒäzZá¼~Z%ZnÔZÝMðz~&Zi+i;ZKã£tZzgZKyŠz„gzZc*]Ô!íW,àe$ÔZðÅ½ZzgZk»ªxÔ D°xŸŠÔ£ŠxÐXƒ&ZOx&iÔ”V»DÔsäZzg™«;pDu¤/xV‰ñuÔeZ÷ÔegZ)Ô7gFZzgö; D6âjw~’Æa¢zg~¥â]:!*¥zŠ~aç N4Ô:ÔzZáZÌ DÐMÇ„Ôg~Z=YZzg}.â]J-g‚ð;”VÅ›zúZzgº); DgziÇgÅ'g'Zzg/F,šM; D

90 D+göz½

Åuòßg‹qwÃÓx%Zi6,(u¤/ñVÅúZzgÎf~ik,gÑc*Y** àq X9

ecSîZCYÅËqÔZ:©ÐmgppzZáZ‚E+{Zzgœª»gzVÅËqZzgñz',ŠZ“Zzg³]zZZxX£/àqÅj,Z‚ÛZðÆaŠg»gUƒV6,gHY**ecT~ÔpÄÔàe$Ô±Ôè<ØÔ(Z¦ZŠÔ

Sà(¢zgc*]ÆqïCYÔMZ−gYCZzgMZ½áïìX»uòßg]ÆM¸i6,Y,{1Y**ecXC{ £òîg6,Šø7[ñZŠ CYÆa X10

¦/eVÆaQyÆZLoc*´‘»‚âyZk~áïƒÇXñZŠÃZ~.Ô»gZzgqÝ™**ec2SÐoƒZzg»°lZg~Šø7[Ìƒ**ecXÓx¢asÆ:gÔ„ZzgZEwÆaôZãÅ¢zg]ƒCìXCYÃ(ñZŠÐg*gppÆ‡.Þ¯**ecZzg¢asÃCYÅpÄ»?kZzg‡&ÿELJwƒ**ecX

F,šM :2 D+göZzg½£g

)SÐgÉâFÆ‚B5™7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]F,šMF,Á¢zgc*]Ô½Æ£œÔu¤/ñVZzg(ñZŠÅ¶K0+„™CìX)ŠB /

(2-1 gÉâF

˜VoƒƒÔF,šMÃ(©xÐJwzàg™zZ**ecX)ŠBgÉâF /(4-3

èÃg{‡/ÆqïF,šMŠyÇyF,mÃgkÂ™ZDÔZy~çz-$z /gÉðÔoƒZzgâˆxzg]ÔôZãzY,{ZzggebF,šMÅÛZb»ZOxƒ@*

91 D+göz½

(4 ìX)ŠBgÉâ^F,šMøwâˆôZã(âjw~Q*ŠÅœª»g“W6,j,Z‚ÛZð™Cì& /D+g+§hVÃÛzrŠîìÔZzgD+g+çz-$ÆZEwÅ¶K0+„™CìXF,mñZŠ»!*‡°{Y,{1Y@*ìZzgZk!*]»çHY@*ìtZ‚D+{ÔCYZzgñ‹ /Å¢zg]Ã7gZ™@*ìc*7ZzgZ#¢zg~ƒ@*ìÔZk6,ÃU*ãÅYCìXZ#ñ‹ÆZg»yÃ¢zg]ƒÂF,šMZ‚E+{ÃªŠ]e%Æ‡.Þ¯äÆa /oƒ'g'ÛZë™CìX

gÉâF

Ð'ç NZŠgŠ(6,z¤/ZñV~»x™äzZáZzg)gŠ(6,z¤/ZñVÆ Z‚E+{ X1102-108™3-1 œª»gZzg¬X)ŠBZ‚E+{ZzgŠvo½£g

',Zñ½CzZN[ÔÑZ_»gÔçz-$ZzgôZãÐ0¥â](Ãßg]qwÆÚøZzg(pÅSà¢zgc*]Å&45é ENEGŠ F,m»[ZzgñZŠÅ»g~ X2

6,PZzgz‰ÜÆ_.Z2Zg™**ecXF,m6,z¤/ZñVÃuòqÑ]ÆŠzgZy‡.ÞŠg½Æ0VÆi7™äecZzgZ#¢zg]ƒÔZ¹i0+ÏÅ'gÂVZzgZðÅ½Ð%1o™**ecXF,m»[~qgzfsáïƒäecptZyJ-„özŠ:ƒV:XãCŠ~

*y»DÔ®D+göZzgD+g+§i;ñ»gÆÂxÔ”VÅ›zúÔ½!*¸VÔàqÆa³]zZZxÔSà¢zgc*]ÆjZáÐCÅD+göÔ;CzY¢zg]ZzgF,¹Ô£ŠxÐXƒ&iZzgZðÅ½ÔZKã£tZzg”VÆ£tÔŸ‚ZÜtÔZ‚E+{Æai0+ÏÅ'g')øwZÝMðz~&Zi+i(Ôjwzñ‹Æ©]Ôñ‹

Æz‚b»4ZEwÔvc*zZ:MäzZáZÛZŠ}Z0+gzyo"yƒäzZà

92 D+göz½

M!*Š~c*C{¦/eVÅ¶K0+„ZzgZ¹7gZ™**X:Z#Zq-!*guòßg]qwLƒYñÂ¸òz£ò F,mçz-$ZzggZ‚»g~ X3

(©xZzgñ‹Å(ˆVÃZ#ÌeƒÔgŠZzg)gŠZ‚E+{ÅF,mu¤/ñVÅúZzgÎf~Ñq-ƒ**ecXuòßg]ÆgŠ¿ÆÑzqƒD„5i#Ö&Z‚E+{ÅF,šMZzgqÝ”{F,šMÅàg~Æa‡ìÂx;ñ»gÆjZáÐ»[6,kã»M¸i™ŠbecX@*ëZÒC{¦/+ßg‹qw~C{¦/eVÅñ‹ÔZkÆ(6,z¤/ZñVZzg£òÂx½ÆâÎÃðg‚7ƒ@*X

˜VeƒÔ£òF,šMŠyÇyÃZ‚D+{ÅoƒF,šMÅ»g~ZzgÎfÆa¶K0+„™ãecZzgQyÅœªZzg¢zg~F,m'gÂVÆaZ¦ZŠ»gÃÛzrŠbecX˜VF,šMŠyÇyÆZgZWÅözŠ®ZŠƒc*QyÅ{§pZ{F,šM:ƒðƒÂ

(Zzg£òÔò NGOs ÛzãZªV)ªZZx{ÔÎZÑZò)u»g~¡VZzg´‡ðZŠZgzVÃ5i#ÖÆŠzgZyc*5i#ÖÐIZ‚E+{ÃF,šMÛZë™äzZàñŠ{c*¬gèZzgZŠZgzVÃ¢o¯äÆaœÃl™ãecX

:uòßg]qw~£gZzgàg~ÃD¯äÆaòZzg£ò àg~z¤& X4

(©xÅàg~Zzg¤&Ñiò8~î OƒCìZzgZÐZiuòqÑ]ÌæÃgecXC{¦/+Z‚E+{Åßg]~ö!*yÔZIo&´‘c*ÁZiÁZy~ÐZq-Æ(©xÃZkF,šMÃàg™**ecXZkÑÆa¢zg~ìF,šMZ‚E+{ÆÃgw4îg6,úZzg»gK‰ƒVZzg(©xÅHg{(‡/Å¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™DƒV´z{Zi,Sy~uòßg]Ð0ZŸ°ZbZÌáïƒVX

93 D+göz½

:½ 3 D+göZzg½£g¤DÔ½»%œ/~™ŠZgÔÑq-»gZzgZk~áïƒ@*ìX

)Z¹gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágZ]¥ÃZ,ñZµÛZëKYNz{ZipŠ½Æ¿~!íW,îg6,Ñq-ƒÃ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG /

(X 1 gÉâ^¥ÃpŠZõ!Æ¿~œªŠ¶ZzgZõ[Æaâjw4¯äÅ{§ÑZ• /ÆZ§jZEw~ÑñYDXZ‚E+{ZLCYÆ‚B·¶ZzgwÆfg)$ÆñZŠÃKZzgF,mÃgÎVÆ /ŠzgZyqÝ™Š{D+g+'gÂVÐ»xfeXZy@Zc*]Æfg)CYÅSàZzgŠzu~ÓxÀò¢zgc*]7g~™äZzg½ÅgZ{ /

(2 ~qbg»z›Šzg™äÅÃÒÅYCìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^zZ−+Zzg´ºÆu™Š{ßv½Æ¿ZzgD+göÆaZEwKYä /

(3 zZá§hVÃBZzgt™DX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^

gÉâF

:D+göåZ*ŠZzg¤DÅ!*bÑZ•ZzggZÆ6,FFƒãecZz !íW,Ñ• X1

94 D+göz½

gZk~D+göz½Æ].h+§hVÃZEw~Ñc*Y**ecXZy~Šv§hVÆ´z{¤/z\zguÔ6,ZzguÔë/”VÅ½Ô¥ÃÃðºm™ŠZgZŠZ™äÆaIÔD+gö»Ò6Z0+ZiÔöÔzi+-ZzgŠzu}ŠN§j‰¹*V‹**z){áïX!íW,½ÆZy§hVÐåZ*ŠZzg¤DÆŠgxy!*b¬zy6,FFmÛzr0*@*ìXZk§jÐCÅ!íW,;C›zúÌDƒCìX

Z‚E+{ÃZk!*]ÅF,šMŠ~Yãecz{uòqÑ]Æ Zõ[~g»z›: X2

ŠzgZygŠZzg)gŠ½ÅZÌÆ!*g}~zZ−+ÐW™,ZzgZyÐ("3ð GEOqÔ(u¤/ñV~QyÅËqZzgŠvZñgÆ!*g}~nŠ!ìw™,XZ‚E+{ÔzZ−+Zzgñ‹ÆßÍVÆŠgxygZÆ»t¿(u¤/ñVÆÛzr~Qy

ÅËqÅZÌÃKZzgoƒz‚bÆ”w~çzyU*"$ƒÇX

D+göÆ§hVÆZEwZzgOƒÆaZ‚E+{ D+g+§hV»ZEwZzgOƒ: X3

Åoƒ½ÔŠ/ZzgF,šMÑiòìXZ‚E+{ÃD+göÆZkps”{§jZzgZ*ŠÅMÇ„Zzggzb~áµp=VÆ!*g}~Y+Å¢zg]ìXD+gö

¿~zZ−+Ô¼Š´VÆßÍVZzgZ4]ÆgzZîZzgèIúÒzVÅËqÆfg):Üs(u¤/ñVÃ4¯ä~æŠAÏÉZk§bD+gö»t§i´ºÅ¢zgc*]ÐÌëM}¯c*YnÇX

:Y,{ 4 D+göZzg½»£gX (»xçV»Y,{heZzgZ¹!íW,¯äÆaoƒ§jZEwKYD

95 D+göz½

)Z¹gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñX( ãCŠ~ZágZ]½Æ¿»oƒZ0+Zi~Zzgoƒz²VÆ‚BÚY,{heZzg‹t™ä /ÆZ§jñŠZzgQqÝ™Š{¥â]ÅãCŠ6,£g½Ã4¯äÆ

(1 §jÌñŠX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG@Ze$Zk¿~½ÅRÃY™Y@*ìc*Q¢zg]Æ_.»[ÅŠÅŠ*zm,Z] /ÛZëÅYCXY,}ZzgøáÆ§hVÃËsÔ‡.ÞZOŠZzg¤DÆa"¢gìwHY@* /

(3 ìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG@Ze$

gÉâF

ÃZEw™äÆaŠg`fsQñg¢zg~ !íW,Y,{Zzgœ§T»gZzgZŠZâ] X1X_“')ª±ZzgZJ**](ñZŠÆ_.ZzgñizVƒV(X DZ4w')ªœY,}Æ§hVÃCÙ(ZzgÓxZ‚E+{Zq-§bÐ DZCN(XñZµ')ª‹bÆ¿~CY)q¢ƒVÔZ¹‹b»Zq-ZzgñµÛZë DHYñ(Xz‰Ü')ªY,}Zzg‹b»¿D+göÆŠzgZyÌƒ**ecZzgZkÆZ!x6, D

Ì(Xö')ªuòqÑ]~Ì¿Yg~g{n(X Doƒc')ªZ,qÑ]X~D+göÆ´Z−gZLÛZø4îg6, D

96 D+göz½

ZxŠ}MhƒV(XZkÐ%ZŠtì‹bÐqÝƒãzZà¥â]ÐCYZzgZy ³ZzgËs X

ÆzZ−+ÃÌi™**ecX

gŠ½Æ6,z¤/ZñVÅßg]~Y,{c*}òZk§b%A$K ‹bÆ}ò: X2

Yäe454è XGG¥Å»xçVZzgZJã}òÃö!*yoc*QyÆZLoÆ(©xt™ÃX'+c*C{¦/eVÅßg]~tÃÒÅYãec}ò´oc*´‘Æ©xt™DƒVXÃgkÅŠÅZ‹ŠÂŠ~Y$ËptÜseøñVZzg¤/cu

"3©5½54øHGEGGHJ-özŠ:ƒVX

&¢AYiZzg‹bÆ¿ÃZq-Ÿ‚ZÜtÆ»gZzg Y,}»Ÿ‚ZÜt: X3

**ÇHY**ecX‹tËsZzg‡.ÞZOŠƒ**ecZzgt»xZk§bZx7Šc*Y**ecËnÆpsZzgœó~ZŸ±»:L¶XZk!*]»ìwg3YñZizVÆ”wc*jwÆ6,z¤/ZñV~Zd»g™ŠÏŠ3äÆŠzgZyCYËps~2:ƒVX

97 D+göz½

Z‚E+{ZzgŠv(o X4

¬gsZKyŠz„çz-$ÆÓxUƒV»Z®gÔZc*‰Zz‡])ôpqÑ]~»x™äzZá6sZzggŸ»gzVÅ'g]ÔDZzgŠ}6,ƒ@*ìZyÐT»xÅÌÂµg¿Yg„

ìpZ{z{£gÆÒpÐÁF,ŠgZ»„YV:ƒÔZyÆa¢zg~ìz{oƒF,šMc*CƒVÔZyÆç5]»ZOxZzgôZãÅYñZzgZ¹¢zg~‚âyÔZæZŠZzggZÉðÛZëÅYñX

uòßgw~Z‚E+{Zzg(pÅ½CZzgOƒÑ•6,FFËsZzgºm§i»gÆƒXZ¤/eƒnÂ(p»ZN[OW,{M!*Š~ÆZ0+gÐ„HYñXZk§b(6,z¤/ZñVÃOW,{M!*Š~ÅpDgzZc*]ÔgÎxzgzZ`ZzgŠ!*]ÐëM}™ä~æŠAÏZzgZk§bZkM!*Š~Æµgz-VÔZ+Zzg¢zgc*]»DÌeƒnÇX

½C»¿åƒäÆˆZ‚E+{Zzg(Z−gzVÃZL»xÆZ°zçZ*ð™äÆa´M!*Š~Ðï™»x™**ƒÇXZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÃ½C™Dz‰ÜZyÐ!*‡°{ç@{HYñT~ZyÅ9Z{%Z¬]ÔZc*x»gÔZz‡]»gZzgqÑ]»gÅzŸs#™Š~YñZzgZyÅf)ŠZg-VZzgÛZø»ç™Šc*YñXZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}pÆaŸ‚ZÜt~Zk!*]ÅzŸs#ƒãecQy»gzt÷ƒZzgÃðZk6,¿:™}QÐH}ò×7,,ÐX

½ÆaOW,{M!*Š~Åçz-$qÝ™äÆË~**ÜsZ‚E+{ZzgpÅ½C~æŠAÏÉzZ−+ZL”VÃjw−6,Ì»gƒVÐX

uòßgwzZá´º~6ÆŠzu}ZÛZŠÅ§b(pÃÌZKZ¦ZŠZzgŠ"Ã»x

98 Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½

~Ñ**ƒÇZzgZyßÍVÃŠz!*g{QyÆ0*ƒV6,9Z™nÃ@V~;BJ**ƒÇXgŠZzg)gŠŠzâV(6,z¤/ZñVÆ6sÃM!*Š~ÃuòßgwÐÖÆaæŠÛZë™**ƒÏ@*z{ßvn„c*‚¢ÆË~îzZápsZzgœóÅªÐ!*CÙòÃXZkZ%ÆaZ(ÑÇ¿F,šMŠbƒÇZ¹Zq-Šzu}ÅæŠ™ä~çz-$Š}nÔZ¹¥Åqª

4¯äÆa¢zg~'g'Zzg‚âyÌÛZë™**ƒÇX

uò6,z¤/ZñV~(»x!ÆaZ‚E+{ZzgpÅoƒF,šMZq-ÑiòZ%ìXF,šMÆ£gZ]Å,D+göZzg½Æ!*[~ñŠìX

Z‚E+{Zzg(pÅôZãÅßg]~ÌæŠÅÛZb¢zg~ìXZq-{m´ºÅR6,zZ−+ÔÇƒVÆqZ++Ô(w)Z¤/Ãðƒ(Zzg£òÓáVÆ»xÃZk!*]ÅF,šMŠ¶Å¢zg]ƒÏz{ZL´º~¾§b(6,z¤/ZñV~çz-$ÛZë™MhZzgQyÅôZã™MhXZ#OW,{M!*Šc*VZL(6,z¤/ZñV»Äz°e%Æ‡.ÞƒYNÂz{ZC8þLpŠZ®g~ZEw™$ËZzgZL)b»pŠi7™$ËX(pÅôZãZzg

çz-$~M!*Š~ÅÑ•Ð(âjwÆaZ*ŠZzgM!*Š~ÆŠgxyZq-ÆmÛzr0*ñÇX

jwZOðZzgŠzu}pÅ»g¤/ŠÏ»öÐY,{1Y**ec@*OW,{M!*Š~ÅÚ

çz-$Zzg(£gÃD¯c*YnXt!*]ÌZÌÅqïìôZãZzg‹b»»xÜsNzw„7ÉgZÉðÅ~Zx0*ñXôZãZzgÑ•Æfg)‹Ø»¿Z‚E+{Å»g™ŠÏZzgwÃ4¯äÆa**¦/k,ìX6sÅ»g™ŠÏÅ˜VJ-eƒnÔ°pÅYñZk§bZk!*]»Z‚E+{6,Zq-µZW,%A$ƒÇX

99 Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½

ÓxŠgVÆaœu£gZ]ÆgZÆ

z{§iTÆfg)(¿Ã**ÇHYñZKZW,5+k,~ÆjZáÐ"uZÌg‚rìXZk§i»gÃÓxŠgY]Æœu£gZ]Æ‚B5™ZEwHY**ecX~Z’ZðY,{Ôgœ¿ÔôZãz‹tZzgOW,{ZÛZŠøwçZ]ÐŠzeg4]Å!*<mÑ•áïƒXZkqÃic*Š{Ðic*Š{ZEw~Ñc*Y**ec@*£gÃD¯c*YnX

tZKâÎÆZ±gÐ£g~ƒDZzg(g›¿ÅÛZbÆaÀò Àò£gZ]:R»ç™DX

t÷÷´â]óóCCMc*èÃg{£gqÝ™1ŠHìXt6,z¤/ZxÆ ã~ZágZ]:ZW,Z]Zzg}òÆ‚B‚BZEwKYäzZá¿Zzg§i»gÃYiZzgZk»Zšr

™ä»fg=ÌÛZë™CXSy~£gZ]ZzgZágZ]ÃZqÑ]~**Ç™äÆaºmï]Ôi)]Ð gÉZßw:

.ëÆagÉðZzgF,Áç5]Æazm,áïƒCXSy£gZ]ZzgZágZ]Ð0Zë)b~jZ!Y]ÅZq-ZN!z„ 2 ZzgqD¥â]Æ§ŠZ]ÔÚi¬]c*·z]ÃÌÒyHY@*ìXt.0î E

G

áïƒCìT~ZkvÆÀòZzgSà})bÐ0¥â]ÆfgZùƒDX

100 Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½


1 £gX½CZzgZN[

ñizVZzg‡.ÞF,+Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½

ÅZq-(,~®ZŠÃÑÇZzg™sËs¿Æfg)½CHY@*ìX

TÅãCŠZN!£g6,g¿YCìàqZzg°w»?kƒ@*ìX

2 £gXÑZ$ûJL»g

Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½ÃÑZ_»gÆ!*g}~zZãîg6,Cc*Y@*ìX

T~Ÿ‚ZÜtÅ0*È~Zzgoƒçz2ÅZŠZ5ÌáïƒCìX

3 £gXçz-$ZzgôZãôZãZzgçz-$ÆÂx;ñ»gÃZ‚E+{ZzgŠvo½ÆaúŠc*Y@*ìZzgZyÃ!*‡°{ãCŠzV6,',zñ»gÑc*Y@*ìX

jZ!Y]zâ~.Z]Çà 2 vXZ‚E+{zŠvo½v

1 eXŸ‚ZÜt

Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½

:½CZzgOƒ 1 Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½£gàqZzgZ»sÆqïOƒÆ§i»gÆÑZÇZzgËs¿Æfg)ëw®ZŠ~oƒF,šMc*CZ‚E+{Zzg(pÅ½CÅYCìX

)Z¹gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágZ]½CÆ¿Ð¬5i#ÖÅâÎ»zZãZzgoƒç™1Yñ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^ /

(1½C»zZã§i»g³™Šc*YñX /½ZVÆaZq-pw¯ðYñT~£òM!*Š~ÆúÒ}Ìáï /ƒVXtwZyzZgzVÅ&¢AÆËs‹bÔÆQñgÔàqZzgM!*Š~Æa‡.ÞJwƒäÅãCŠ6,Z‚E+{Å½»V™}XZâ®ZŠ~Z‚E+{½CKYNz{ic*Š{®ZŠÅqï)oVÆaÌ»° /ƒVX

gÉâF

CDz‰ÜŠzu~!*ÂVÆ´z{Z‚E+{ÆÛZøÔf)ŠZg-VÔŸ‚ZÜt »xÅâÎ X1Zzguz›»g»zZãç™Šc*YñX

uòßgw~oƒF,šMÆqïZ‚E+{Ã½CHY**ec@*ë Š/Zzg‡/: X2

‰qÑ]~ÁŠ"ÆqïZzg**Š/»gZ‚E+{ÃÌ½CHYYìpZ+ßg]~F,šMÅÛZb¢zg~ƒÏXZ¤/F,šMc*CZ‚E+{ZKŠ*zm,Z]ZzgZ‹Š


ÛZë:™ÃÂt¢zg~ìŠzu}§hVÐQkÅ¤&™àYñ}ŠgpZ„¦/Zg~»±z){1YñXt!*]Ì¢zg~ìâZyZ‚E+{½CK

‚wƒX‰qÑ]~!›Ð)é]Åic*Š{®ZŠ~½C 18 YNZzgZ*ŠÅÁÐÁ/¢zg~ƒYCìp˜VJ-eƒÔ½ZVÆfg)@)zZ]Æ¿ÃÛzrŠc*Y**ecX

Z¤/Z•VÃòi!*yÅ½ÌŠ~Yg„ƒÂA$Ìt¢zg~ìZ,Z‚E+{½CKYNQyßÍVÅZKi!*yc*i!*âVÐzZƒVXZkÆ´z{˜VJ-eƒo

(7 Åòc*ö!*yoÅi!*âVÆ0YìÃgw™ZñYN)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^

½CÆ§i»g~Šg`fs!*'áïƒ**¢zg~: X3

&zgZ:‡/:(ÔD+g+Zzg;CzYŠ/;Šv'g'Ôi!*y6,gX DfZC‡/:/Ô½)Z¤/eƒÂ½ZV~@)zZ]Ã',ŒÛZgg3Yñ(ZkÆ D´z{£òM!*Š~ÅúÒÏÃD¯äÆa#ZzgèI:©ZzgàqÃÌÅp{§

g3YñXŠzu~‡&Ó454è EGGG:£òM!*Š~Æ‚BgZ‚ZzgQkÆa‡.ÞJwƒ**ZzgOW,{M!*Š~ D

Ðmƒ**X

Z‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(p»OƒãCŠ~îg6,OW,{M!*Š~ÆZ0+gÐ„HY** Oƒ: X4

ecpZ¤/¢zg~ƒÂ!*CÙÐÌ½»VÅY$ËXZ¤/Â'+Æac*Z0+gzyo"yƒYäzZßVÆa‡ìÅˆƒÂQk´ºÅ£òM!*Š~ÆZyzZgzVÃÌ½CHYYì@*£òM!*Š~Zzg"yZÛZŠc*'+ÆŠgxyZimÛzr0*ÃXZyzZgzV»Oƒ´M!*Š~Ôö!*yM!*Š~Zzg£ò©xÆ


tg}ÐHY**ecX

¬gèZOxzZà»V6,Z‚E+{Zzg(pÅ½C™Dz‰ÜQyÆjZ! jZ!Y]: X5

Y]c*Y+zZßVÆ0¥â]qÝ™àYN@*Z,ßv:½CƒÃ¥6,tîg6,ZW,Z0+ZiƒVc*7g~§bÐZLÛZøÅZxŠ„:™ÃX

HgHYñ £òîg6,|IZ:£g ¥Å)®)Åic*Š{Ðic*Š{®ZŠÆa X6

Zzg»°®ZŠ~Z‚E+{½CKYN@*ZkHg{£gÐZZse:ƒnXjwÅY,{g7gIV~Zk!*]Å¶K0+„ÅY$ËìÃ)®)Hg{wÐic*Š{(,~ìX

:ÑZ_»g 2 Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½»£gZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÃzZãîg6,ÑZ_»gZzgŸ$î E0ZÜtÆ0DƒZzgZ¹oƒ

çz2ÅZŠZ5ÅYñX

)Z¹gÉâFÆ‚B5™7,JYñ( ãCŠ~ZágZ]5i#ÖÆç@}~9Z{ZzgÑZ_»gÅzŸs#™Š~YñX9Z{!*‡°{ãCŠ6,Š~ /

(2-1 YñZzgt&zgZ:Z¦ZŠZzg»xÅ&¢AÆ_.ƒ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâF

ÎZÑZòZŠZgzVÆ©xÛzr½Å{§oƒÕi»g™äÆa&CÀ*î0½ /Æ©xÔ(wZzgZ+YZziÆúÒzVÆ‚Bï™»x™,ZzgZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÅZ¥VZzgŠgVÆa9ZƒV»²:Ô‡.Þ¿Zzg0*GZge:»g

(2 ™,)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^Ÿ‚ZÜtZzgÑZ_»gÑZÇZ0+Zi~»gÅYNZzgZk¿~(pZzgM!*Š~Æ /


Zg»yŠzâVÃáïHYñXZkÆ´z{ÎfÆazZã@Zc*]ƒVXo½Ÿ‚ZÜt6,Š\™}ZzgZkÅcz~™}XŸ$î E0ZÜtÅÜszgi~c*Ë /

(4 Zzg 3 "Ÿ$ŒÀö EY

Åßg]~»ggzZð¿~ÑðYñ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâF

gÉâF

~qÑ‹»gÔ9Z{Ôq¢~ÔZz‡]»gÔ5i#Ö~ÂWÔôZãZzg 5i#ÖÅÑZ_ X1

çz-$Æ§i»gZzgËÚiqÅßg]~ZkÆiÅzZãßg]ƒãP™{!*Ñ( 1 ÔgÉâ^ 1 ecX)ŠB£g

¦VÅ~ÌƒYìZzgËŠzu~^~Ì)T6,Z·tƒYñ( çz£ X2

Zzgtçz£!*‡°ÏÆ‚BZŠZHY**ecXçz£ÅoƒR»çßÍVÅxzg]Æfg)ZzgÑZÇ¿Æƒ**ecXçz£ZÚƒ**ec&zgZ:

wÔ5i#Ö»öz0*GZg~D0nXZke~ZZx{ÆZŠZgzVÔZ+YZziÔY½Æ©xZzgŠzu}´ZŠZgzVÃçz2ÅZq-.R»ç™**ecX

~(pÆa™ŠZgÆzZã£gZ]ÅzŸs#ƒZzgtÌCc*Yñ Ÿ‚ZÜt X3

Zy£gZ]6,7gZ:QF,äzZá¿ÃÁ}ò»‚o™**7,YìXŸ‚ZÜt»',Zñ%: 108™1 Z:tÔ(âjwZzg(u¤/ñV6,ƒ**ecÔ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGe

Ÿ‚ZÜt(

Ÿ‚ZÜt»Ñ¥Å4~ZzgZk!*]ÃD¯**ƒ@*ìZ‚E+{Zzg(oD+göÆµâjwÃÛzrŠ,XŸ‚~Šzu~!*ÂVÆ´z{tÌ’k,ƒ**ec(


o:ZL™ŠZgÔ‚ÑZzgZÜ¹gzb»Zd£g',ŒÛZggÄ™&zgZ:gzb» D

bCÙ{™}ÇXZ,âjwÆÛzrÆa™ŠZgZŠZ™}ÇÃð¤DpŠÃZkâjw~ D[:¦g:™}XZ(ôpZzg¡qâjw',ŒÛZggÇÇCÙZ‚V™ä)øwÒîg6, DCÙZ‚V™ä(egZäŠ”äZzgŸœZzgZqÐiÐ0*uƒX!*‡°{q¢~Zzg0*È~z‰ÜÃD¯ñÇX DZLÛZøÅZŠZ5~&zgZ:gzbZzgZdZ¦ZŠ»bCÙ{™}ÇZzg D

ñ‹ZzgŠzu}ZÛZŠÆa4+gz)õGO»bCÙ{™}ÇX D

D+g+âjwÆZ0+g»x™äzZáÓx(Zzg)(6sÆ Ÿ$î E0ZÜt»Îf: X4

aŸ$î E0ZÜtÆ0F,šM»ZÈxƒ**ecZzg£òZmwÆZg»yÔáZzg4zZ,gzVÆaŸ‚ZÜtÆÎfÆK~ZyÆ™ŠZgZzgf)

ŠZg-VÆ0F,šMZzgçz-$ÛZëÅYãecXZ¹(6,z¤/ZxÆŸ‚ZÜtÆ´Zë]»Ø`ä~ÌgZÉðÛZëÅYãecXôZãÆËs§T»gÅ»g~ÆaZq-ÑÇ¿»gHYñZk»x~Ñq-ÓxßÍVÅ

(3 gZiŠZg~»D™nX)ŠBŠg`fs£g

:çz-$ZzgôZã 3 Z‚E+{ZzgŠvo½£gZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÆaçz-$ZzgôZã»§T»gZ(gHY@*

ìZzgSÐ!*‡°{ãCŠzV6,ZEw~Ñc*Y@*ìX


ãCŠ~ZágZ]Z‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÆ0!*‡°{‹bÔôZãZzgçz-$ÆaZq-Yì /

(2 Zzg 1 §T»gðHY@*ì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^6sÅ!*‡°{ãCŠzV6,ÛŠUÛŠU»g™ŠÏÃY™Y@*ìÔZkÃ!*‡°{’k,HY@*ìZzg /

(3 ¿Æ‚BQk6,nŠÈî0ìwHY@*ìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^Z‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÅZq-oƒuJ-;CzYçz-$ÅYCìZzg /

(4 xzg]ÛZëÅYCìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgÉâ^

gÉâF

CÙoc*OW,{´ºÃZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÆaHg{ ôZãÆ§T»g: X1

£gZ]»g™äeZzgçz-$zôZã»ŠZ],{¿zã™ÆQk6,¿ŠgMæHY**ecXZk§bZ‚E+{ÅZIVÜjßVÅ¡VÔgzZîZzgèIgZÉƒVÉ£òßÍVÆúÒzVÔzZ−+Ô£ò©xÔZ‚E+{ZzgŠâ7zVÃZk¿~áïHYYìXZ‚E+{ÅôZã»»x£ò(wÅ½7gçz-$Æ‚BZxŠc*Y**ecXZkwÅf)ŠZg-V~Ÿ$î E0ZÜtÆjZáÐ(pÅôZãÔ&zgZ:

™1 ZqÔZ¦Z›»gZzggz)õGO6,ÃgÌáïì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGñ‹ÅÑ•£g(21

T~D+g+pÅF,šM»f™HŠHìX 91™2 Š&ÀŸ/õ GGD+göZzg½»£g F,šM: X2

heÆašñYäzZáZ°ÎV~Z‚E+{ZzgŠvpÅ pÅ»g™ŠÏ»Y,{ X3

Z¦ZŠZzgZW,5+k,~»‹tHY**ecZzgZ‚E+{ÔŠâ7zVZzgŠzu}´6sÃ


xzg]»ñµŠc*Y**ec@*Óxç5]»ZŠgZuƒnZzgMÒ{Æau¤/ñV».îg6,çHYnX˜VJ-eƒnZ,Y,{Z°ÎVÆñµ6,(»xçVÅpÙ~»gd$ÂÅYN@*D+g+pÅj,Z‚ÛZðƒXôZãZzgÑÇ‹bÆZk¿Æfg)Z‚E+{»j,(,J™QyÅZ¦Z›»g~ZŸ†HYYìX

ËÌdZãßgwZzg60VÆ7MäÅßg]~: dZy~çz-$: X4

Üs¥ÉŠ/»gzF,šMc*CZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}Z−gÌ6,.ãÐŠzegƒMhXZkßgwÐÇ{',Mƒä»Z®gZyÃŠø7[æŠZzgçz-$6,ƒ@*ìXËÌuòc*dZãªÐÖÆaZ(§i»gzäHY**¢zg~ìTÐZ‚E+{ZzgŠzu}(pÃæŠÅVnX


D+göZzg½:

e

:Z‚E+{ÆaŸ‚ZÜt 1 eCÙz‰ÜóZ*Š

Zk§iÐ¿™@*ìc»%ûZzgz‡g',ŒÛZggìX /¥ZOŠ~¼}ÔQyÆgZiÅ™«™@*ìX /¤AVÃZyqÑ]ÐDÛZë™@*ìDqÝ™ä~g»z^‘WƒVc* /¤AVÅ¡ZzgsäÆavyŠ{ƒDX

ËÌ§bÐZKfZCw»ÃZ+{7ZV@*X /ËÌ§bÐ¤AVÃÒîg6,6,.y7™@*ZzgZyÆ‚BËÌ§b»Ò /m7g‚rX

ZióŠc*ÈZgZ:ZzgVà™ŠZg»qïƒ@*ìX /¯kgzx~ÔZ*Š

Zq-µZzgôpdâjwÃ¾e$à@*ìX /ZkZ0+ZiÐ7,J@*ìÓxC»z‡gZzg£t»ZZx',ŒÛZggìX /¤WÅ³]ÑópŠZOŠ~ZzgfZCŠgÃF,¹ŠêìX /¤AVÅZdÂu]Ã°¿ìZzgZyÅ‡/J-î~æŠ™@*ìX /


¤AVÅj,Z‚ÛZð™@*ì@*z{Ãuóf)ŠZgZzg!íW,IzZáFX /ZOŠ&½zÐÅZq-c‡ì™@*ìX /

ZK&zZgZ:i0+Ï~óZ*Š(§i»gZzgZL*y~ãCŠ~'g]»bCÙ{™@*ìX /

ZKD+gö~Zk™1ú»bCÙ{™@*ì¾§bFìX /åz‰Ü6,¯k~Y@*ìZzg7,JäÆa»ggLìX /

ZyxÁ&»ñV~zs7ƒ@***ñZ¬§iÐZkÆ7,JäÅS¤Ã /OW,™DƒVXÓx&zZgZ:F,¹ÆñZµÐÃZ+{ZV@*ìZzg].h+t”{(§hVÃZEw™@* /ìXZhàe$óZðZzgçÑCf)ŠZg-VÆZßwC@*ìX /CÙ¤W»™ŠZgZzgZJã}òŠc*ÈZg~Ð7™@*ìX /

ñ‹ÆÒpÐóZ*ŠzZ−+Åj,Z‚ÛZð™@*ìz{”VÆ(¿~Ñq-ƒVZzgZyÅçz-$ /

™,X{0+ZyZzgñ‹Åjw~ŠpÅZÌÃt™@*ìX /jwÆµ¦gÅ@*G™@*ZzgZÐF,¹ŠêìX /

ŒVÒy™Š{ZñgÆ´z{Zq-Z*ŠÐtÂµÅYCìz{zWF,+âjwÅ0*ÎVZzgZßßVÅ0*È~™}X)Hójwz){(fg=:-ZÝZ+ÏWgäZkŸ‚ZÜtÃgâewZEwHì&jßVäÌZCc*X


(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~ X5

¬gsÎZÑZòZŒÛZg**óZzgZ´!/õGÓxZÛZŠÆ(£tÃt™DÓxZKã£tÅF,¹ÅãCŠƒDXMiZŠ~gZñ»hó',Z',~»hZzgçÑCZzg(0*ÎVÆÒpÐ

ê‚i~~hÔ½ÆbzÑixX

uòqÑ]~t¢zg~ƒ@*ìZy£t»DHYñóuògŠ¿ÆË~(©xZzgZëZÛZŠÃ(µ"¯äZzgZk6,¿ŠgMæ™Z**ec¸òZzgÎZÑZò(0*ÎVÆ

?kƒVó½ÆhÃu—™,ZzgOW,{M!*Š-VÅIÅd¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™,XZkÛ*zgu»Ñ½Æ£gZzgjßVJ-g‚ðÃÛzrŠbóuògŠ¿ÐF,¹J-Åp~ÃzZãîg6,ªCÙ™**ìXµ/È~óZŠZâ]ÆÎfó6,z¤/ZxZzg0*ÎV~çÑ}ÅËqËÌuògŠ¿Å»x!ÆaZëƒCìX

uòqÑ]~(6,z¤/ZxZZÛZŠ].ZÇ:îg6,`DZy~ZÒgZÆÅ¶ƒCìXZÚZàgZÆÆÂxÅñ‹óIó¸òZzg‡ðR6,¢zg]ƒCìZzgZyÃÑiòîg6,YìZzgzZãƒ**ecXZ,Âx;ñ»gšµ¢zgc*]Æ‹bó£g~ó{Å»g~Óx¬Zzg³ÆŠgxyz‚bZzg¥â]ÆCz}Æa¢zg~ƒDX

½ÃpgZuóg;öó¡ó0*ãZzgÌðÆZŠZâ]ÆzWF,Z’ZðZKyŠz„gŠ¿Æ‚BëM}™**ecXZiZŠZâ]6,FF(gŠ¿ÃºmuòßgwÆÚø~çÑ}Å

111 (0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~

¢zgc*]Æ_.F,KMŠbecX’Å'gÂV6»y0óøy¡ZzgZÝMðz~&Zi+iÐ0MÇ„îÅCÙ/ÆßÍVJ-g‚ðƒãecX (HIV/ AIDS)

ÓxŠgVÆaœu£gZ]ÆgZÆ

Zq-§i»gTÆfg)Zq-(gŠ¿ÃÛzrŠc*Y@*ìZzgZk6,cgMæ™Zc*Y@*ìóZKZÃŠe$ÆÒpÐ¹ZëìXZkvÃÓxŠgVÆœu£gZ]ÆjZáÐ',zñ»gÑ**ecçÑ}ÅÑ•ó£òfgZùóZ’ZðY,}ógŠ¿óôZãZzgøá»Zq©™D

XSîdZyÐOW,{ßÍVø:â0+{¤/z7VÅËqÃZkÅñiz+MZzg£gÃD¯äÆa(,J**ecX

tZKâÎÆZ±gÐ£g~ƒDZzg(gŠ¿ÅÛZb~ÀòŠgV : Àò£gZ]Æ”wÅzŸs#™DX

Sì÷´â]óÐØ¸ìMc*èÃg{£gqÝ™1ŠHìXt6,z¤/ZxÆZW,Z] : ãCŠ~ZágZ]z}òÆ´z{ZEwKYäzZá§i»gÃYiZzgZy»Zšr™ä»§iÛZë™D

XZágZ]£g~ZzglZg~ŠzâVƒMhX

Zy~ºmï]áïƒDZqÑ]~£gZ]ZzgZágZ]»Z:t : gÉâF

™äÆ´z{i)]Ð.ëÆagÉð½™DZzgF,Á)b6,tg{ŠïXZy~£gZ]ZzgZágZ]Ð0™)bÌáïƒDZzgqDD~0*ñYä

~jZ!Y]ÅÉz„ìT~Zk 2 zZá§Šc*Z%sÃÌÒyHY@*ìXevÐ0ÓxÀò)bZzgºm})bŠzâV6,¥â]Æâ~.ñŠX

(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~


(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~113 (0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~

:0*ŒÅúZzg 1 £g‡ây‚i~(©xÓxZÛZŠÃjwÅ½J-jg‚ðÃF,ßŠïZzgèÃg{

(Úø~ËqZzg(£gÃÛzrŠ¶ÆaEZg0*åV¯DX

:µ/È~Zzg 2 £gÎf

uò(u¤/xVÎZÑZòZzgò0*ÎVZzg£gZ]2OW,{W!*Š~Å(¢zgc*]»Y,{7™CX

:gZ‚»g~ 3 £g

uò(u¤/ñVøw´ZÛZŠÆâÎñW,¥â]ÆnŠáÆaZq-ËsgZÆ»ÂxñŠìX

jZ!Y]Zzgâ~.Çà :2v(0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~v

:1 (0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~£g0*ŒÅúZzg‡ây‚i~

(©xÓxZÛZŠÃjwÅ½J-jg‚ðÃF,ßŠïZzgèÃg{(Úø~ËqZzg(£gÃÛzrŠ¶ÆaEZg0*åV¯DX

)gÉâFÅæŠÐ7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]uòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyZzgˆ~(¸Z2Zzg0*åV½ÆhÃu—™C /

1-2 ÎZÑZòZKã£tÅŠ*zm,Z]ZzgZ´ñV~zäK‰X)gÉâF

ŠB(¸Z2ó¸Z°Zzg0*åVøzxZzg?0+{¤/z7VÆjZáÐ½~ZqÐi',ãÆ /

(3 ÜsDÛZë™C)ŠBgÉâ^¸Z2ó¸Z°Zzg0*åVIzZßVÃ¢Š;ã™ZCIzZác*ZkÆ{0+Zy /

(X 4 ÆözŠz‚bÅzzÐZ7½Ðøzx7g3YñÇX)ŠBgÉâ^¸Z2ó¸Z°Zzg0*åVC{¦/eVÆjßVÃ±c*ZyÆZLzíÆ»[ÃZEw /™äÐI7™'X¸Z2ó¸Z°Zzg0*åV(ZŠZgzVÅgÉðZzgç¤Æ_.Z#Ì¢zg]ƒÔ) /u»g~ZŠZgzVÃuòqÑ]~œ1]ÛZë™äÅZYi]ŠîX¸Z2ó¸Z°Zzg0*ÎVÃZ+~ÒHY@*ìÓxZÛZŠZ¹!*M‚ã™ /

ÃX(ÆeðäÆZEwÃÛzrŠî EMIS 0*ŒóF,¹Zzg(ZOxÆ¥âCÂx) /


ì&(g‚ðZzgŠ~ƒäzZàp=V»‹t™äÆagZq-fg=(X 5 ZEw»Y@*ìX)ŠBgÉâ^

¸ò(0*ÎVÃ‡âyZzgPÆÛ*zguÅ7gqÝƒCìTÐuò /(X 6 ßgw»¯g~Z[Šc*Y@*ìX)ŠBgÉâ^

gÉâF

Ãu—ƒ**ecZzgqgzfs ÎZÑZòZKã£tÅŠ*zm,Z]ZzgZŒÛZg**ñV: -1

YóZKã£t»¬@ 1989 J-özŠ7ƒ**ecX”VÆ£tZZx{».šY(pZ&Æ 1966 YçÙYZzgpD£t»ÎZÑZòç@{) 1948 Z´ð

YeZ»gÛ*zgu',ZñZŠZâ] ÷½ƒÆaó 1979 ÜsZqÐiÅÓxZDwÆ{8».šY(X 2000)

Š*zm,Z]Zzg‡âãÛ*zgu~M!*Š-VÅ™«ÆÒpÐ”VZzgâZâVÃZÌŠïƒñqgzfs‡V‰f6¡ó½ZáóôópÄóic*ŠCÐXƒ

‚wÐÁ/”VÆaZ’Zð½Ð0ÎZÑZò¸Z°ÌáïX 6 Zzg(43™2 ÔgÉâF 1 )ŠBg‚ðZzg(âjw£g

ÓxZÛZŠ¬zyZzgZ·Zu™DZzg C{¦/+ó"yZÛZŠZzgö!*yM!*Šc*V: X2

Zk!*]6,5½²:Z0+Zi~Óx¤/z7VÃSecXT»»ŸC{¦/eV)úZò½(TÆ_.C{ 22 Y».š™@*ìXÔ 1951 ÅwÐ´

¦/eVÃz„(£tqÝƒVÐ£òßÍVÃqÝƒDXZ7Z’ZðZzgZdŠgVÅ½óeø)Ôe¤/~ÔZ‹ŠÅàg~óˆV&ZyZY]~g¬e$Åœ1]qÝƒãecXZe°’J-g‚ðX»Z:t)¬V6,ƒ@*ì²SàD


Æ¤gzVÃZ0+gzyo"yƒäÅßg]~z„%Z¬]qÝƒãecXZŠZgzVÃecz{£ò¥Æ(£tÆ‚B‚BC{¦/eVÆö!*y´Ô´ºZzgkBÐOW,{´~Z,„(£tŠ¶Å\gl™,X

çÑ}c*ñ‹~z{M!*Š~zZá¤/z\ƒDXÆ£t» ?0+{Zzgøzx¤/z\ X3

f™Î‚ÌÆãCŠ~ZÜª]~7HY@*Xøzx¤/z7VÅYZzgçÙc*pDS:]Å¯Y6,¶K0+„ÅYCì‰Ë¿ÅMæãc*ŠzªÔ´‘c*±ÔÔ'Z5ðûzzqÔè<ØÔàe$ÅwÔZ0+gzãÜkãc*Kãc*f6qªXC{¦/+”VÃ½»hqÝƒ**ec6”VÆ£tÆ.š»gc*„ÆZ0+g

‚wÅ/ÐnÓx”VZzg!*½V6,Z:tƒ@*ìX)ŠBg‚ðZzg(âjw 18

(42™1 gÉâ^ 1 £g

ËÌ¤WÃq¢~óˆVc*ŠvvZyZY]‰(ñZŠc*-pgx (ZyZY]: -4

:ƒäÅßg]~(6,z¤/ZxÅg‚ðÐøzx7HY**ecXjwÆšzZôZyZY]‰R,Z¡g^ZzgÁMæãÃÁ™äÅCÙeÃÒÅYãec@*ÓxaÔâZyZzg!*Ú(¿~Ñq-ƒVX

ÃZy´VZzgM!*Š~Æ¤/z7VÅ¥â]ÐÝ™Šbec eð EMIS -5

uòqÑ]ÅºmZlxÐmgBbƒVXt»g~ÅÕiì¸òZzg£ò(µ/È~ÃñZŠÛZë™CìX˜Veƒñ‹ÐeðqÝ™**ec

ÂxÃÛZë™**ecXZæZŠ~ZŠZgzVÃZyfgZùÅ¶K0+„™ä~ EMIS Zzgòñ‹ÅæŠ™ãecTÐ¥ÆŠZ¾Ôq¢~ZzgŠ~ZŸ†ƒnZzg

1 jw:YäzZá”VÅ¢zgc*]ÃÌ7gZHYnX)ŠB‹t£gZ]


(25™ 3 Zzg 21™

½ÃòMÃ]Å»g~ÆÛ*zgu~áïHY**ecZzg!íW, Z\ÒÛ*zgu: X6

Zzg',z‰Ü(gŠ¿ÛZë™äÆaz‚bÃDÛZë™**ecXòZzg£ò(F,ªC6,z¤/ZñVÃçz-$ÛZë™äzZáÎZÑZòZŠZgzVÃZy6,z¤/ZñVÆZZYÆîg6,Z\Ò(gŠ¿c»g~ÃÛzrŠbecX


:2 (0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~£gµ/È~ZzgÎf

uò(u¤/xVÎZÑZòZzgò0*ÎVZzg£gZ]2OW,{W!*Š~Å(¢zgc*]»Y,{7™CX

)gÉâFÅæŠÐ7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]

¸òZzgÎZÑZò‡âãÛ*zguZzg0*ÎV~bàZzgF,ªCZªVÆ( /(1 6,z¤/ZñV»@Š3ðŠêìX)ŠBgÉâ^

uò(6,z¤/ZñVÅZk§jÐµ/È~ZzgÎfHY@*ì(øÆîs /Z=]F,¹Ð%1oƒVX

(©xZzgŠzu}ãCŠ~™ŠZgqwZzgwÆuòqÑ]ÆaòZzg£ò /)ŠBgÉâ^ . (µ"»g™DZzgZyÅ!*‡°{ÃU*ã»Âx¯D

(2uòqÑ]ÆŠzgZyZzgˆ~ÓxZÛZŠ(gŠ¿Æµ"6,cgMæ™ä /ÆaZN»x™DqD¢zgc*]Æ‹bÐ%1oƒDXZyÅãCŠOW,{M!*Š-VÆ‚—(Š"ó¸Z°Zzg0*Œ6,g¿YCìX

(gŠ¿óâàÔ}ZzgZKãz‚bÅ¶K0+„™DñW,µ/È~óÎfZzgôZã /Æa¢zg~ƒDX¬Zk!*]Å¢Š;ã™ZD‡.Þ¢zg]z‚b

(X 3 ½KYNÐX)ŠBgÉâ^


(u¤/ñVÅµ/È~ZzgÎfÃŠvuògŠ¿ÆŠzu}øzVÐ%1oH /(4 Y@*ìX)ŠBgÉâ^

gZÉâF

(6,z¤/ZñVÃÎZÑZòÛ*zguÆ_.( (£tZzg£œJ-g‚ð: -1

YZKã£t»¬@ 1989 u¤/xVÛZë™ãecX»”VÆ£tÆ.šY2000 YZzg

!5Ó454-ê GGEGJF,ªCZ@Zs 2000 Y½ƒÆa»Û*zgu 1948 Z´ðÆ´z{(©xÆ‡&ÿEL¿Û*zguZzg0*åV»Ÿ™CX

ÃñŠ{ZzgwÆuòqÑ]ÆaZVñ‰ZŠZâ]Å ¸ò(µ1V -2

¶K0+„™ãecZzg6,z¤/ZñVó¬ó´ZÛZŠóê‚i~ZzggZ‚»g~Æ‚B

‚BŠvøzVÆŠgxygZÆÆaDó™õÁÜZzgÂx;ñ»gÐÌ!*¸gecXµ"Ãoƒ(0*ŒZzgÛ*zguÅçz-$qÝƒãecX(

øÆaÂŠgCMÃ])}c[ói²!ó«g~îÃy(ÃæÃgnpƒñuòµ"»gKYäecZzg˜V'+ZzgŠz!*g{zZ:MäzZá£òZzg

Zzgfs 16™5 ógÉâ^ 1 ¸ò(ÂxÃOW,™MhX)ñ‹ÑZ•£gÌŠB(X 3 ~£g

©xó¾ŠyÇyóZ+YZziZzgŠzu}™xyZ(gÃZkZ%Å¢Š;ãc z‚b: -3

ZNï™»x™**ecoƒŠ]uò(6,z¤/ZñVÆaôp™a‰Zzg;CzY¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™äÆa(ôZzgu¤/ñV6,ÂzŠ~YCìXZ#uòßgw6,‡10*1Y@*ìÂ(µ/È~ÆñZµ~Z’Zð


‚Å›zúógŠZ’ZðZzg²g~jwÅ½ó½!*¸VZzg&zZgZ:6,z¤/Zxáï™ÆZ7zÝŠ~Y$ËìXâŠ~ÁÜ)‰ZŸ°#ï)®)ÔŠgÏÃÔD+g+Zzg(ñZŠ(Zzg£g~ZbZY)}Z*ŠZzgôZãÆF,mÃgk(Æaz‚bÅ)z~º!Zzg„ƒãecX

(µ/¿ZzgZkÆÎfÃqgzfs%Y]~Àò©2.ç EGJ Àò©2.ç EGJ£gZ]: X4

£gZ]Ð%1o™äÅSàÃl™ãecX0*ãÔÌðZzgøy¡ÅF,¹ D½ZðDÔ½ZáZzg½ZðZæZŠ Dg;öÔW!*Š»g~Zzg)½ZðZâYZzg¡¬)Å}.â] D

Ïe~gzxÆ©2.ç EGJ£gZ] MSEE ¡¬)Å}.â])^©2.çEGJ£gZ]Æa D

ÆvgZÆŠB(

:gZ‚»g~ 3 (0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~£guò(u¤/ñVøwZÛZŠÆâÎñW,¥â]ÆnŠáÆaZq-ËsgZÆ»ÂxñŠìX

)gÉâFÅæŠÐ7,³( ãCŠ~ZágZ]

(©xñŠ{ZzgwÆuògŠ¿ÆaZq-ZÚZàgZ‚wúŠï /uò(u¤/ñVÅµ/È~ZzggZ‚»g~~Zë™ŠZgZŠZ™CìX)ŠBgÉ


(1 â^Z#(©xñŠ:ƒVc*Zk‡.Þ:ƒVM:~gZ‚»g~™ÃÂZq-ZÚZà /gZ‚w(»ggzZÇVZzg6,z¤/ZxÆ!*g}~gÉðZzggZ‚½™CìX)ŠB

(1 gÉâ^©xó¾ŠyÇyZzgŠzu~ZìVâàeJ‘úŠî(™xyZ(g /ÐgZ‚Z2Zg™ÆQyÅZæZŠ~u¤/ñVÆaçz-$ÛZë™DXgZÆÆ£œ»ÀòÍØZg{óZágZ]ZzgôZãÆ§i»gzZãƒDZzgÓx( /¬&+Z]pŠZkÛ*zgu~»x™äÅf)ŠZg~Jw™DZzgãCŠ~¥â]

(3 ZzgZ°ZŠzÑgJ-úZxÅg‚ðƒCìX)ŠBgÉâF

OW,{ñ‹ÃthqÝìz{Qkê‚i~~Ñq-ƒZ7',Z{gZ„OW, /™CìX!*<m0*Œc*6,z¤/ZxÅúóÎfZzgôZãÆ¿~ZyÅÑ•¢zg~ìXøiÆŠgxyZzgãCŠ~¸òZzgÎZÑZò³ÆŠgxy¥â]ÆnŠá» /

(4 Zq-™sËsZzg!íW,Âxƒ@*ìX)ŠBgxâ^

gÉâF

˜VJ-eƒÔ(©xÆik,u6,4~SkÆúÒzVÃ ZÚZàgZ‚w: -1

³ÆzWŠ"»qïƒ**ecXuòßgwÅâÎÆgZ‚VÃ´‡ðó¸òóVc*£ò¥V6,úŠ¶Å¢zg]ƒCìXZ¤/(©xRöZzgZ¦ZŠÅ¶Ck™,ÂZZªVÃZq-ç@}ÆªŠ]º!ÅY$Ë

ìXp£òZŠZg}»úÒ{åw»gÁƒ**ecXÎ¢~qÑ]ZYi]


Š,ÔgZÆÅf)ŠZg~´©xÆjZá™Š´ecX

uòqÑ]~(6,z¤/ZñVÆ»x[Zzg',z‰ÜÎfÆa»° uât»g~: -2

Š]Å¢zg]ƒCìXuât»g~Æ™sZzg%1o§i»gÅ¢Š;ãÆaCÙeÃÒÅYãecX{mîg6,˜VZ‚E+{Æçz2Æa9Z{ÅZŠZ5»Âx**oƒZzg)!íW,ƒXuòuât»g~ÆZOâ]ó£òzâgLÅqÑ]ZzggzZc*]Æ_.™äecZzgZ+n)ßg]qw(ÐÈec0*GZg:ƒVX

Å¶K0+„ZzgzŸs#ÅYãec@* gZÆÆ0V uòŠzgÅZ’ZðR6,ãCŠ~ -3

!íW,ÃÃqÝHYnwÅ(}.â]ÃëM}Zzg0*GZg¯äÆagÉðÛZë™nXZy)b~Z‚E+{ÅF,šMóÂ}ZzgZŠZ5ó»!ZzgZbZY»g)»!ÃZzgD+g+z(çz**](jßVZzgZJ**]»eJçZzgÙ|#ÌáïìX

»ZÈx(©xÆ¬zyzZ·ZuÐHY** œ0*ŒÅF,¹ZzgF,mzg¤: -4

ecZzgÛzã¬Æ‚B4gZÆÃD¯**ecX4¦g)zjy(ÆnŠáÆaÑZ•Zzg³xÃzÝŠ´ecZzg(ÂxÅù¦F,¹ÃZY¤/™**ecX


vY]Z˜q] :1v

Ð%ZŠËgŠc*)gŠ(6,z¤/Zx~áïƒäÔYg~gppc*å g‚ð g‚ð: /™ä»"ÑvñµìX"Ñvñµ»Ôtì”VÔâZâVZzg(,zV»

(6,z¤/ZñV~ËqZzgZyÅŠÆe~ËnÅiÔâàÔKãDÔãCŠ~eJ‘ÔZŠZgzVc*YzpDg»zIV»:ƒ**ìX

ãCŠ~½i0+Ï~I2äZzgZKãF,¹ÅãCŠìZzgtgŠZzg)gŠ ãCŠ~½: /(6,z¤/ZñV»Zq©™CìXZq-¿pZ{z{ÔZyc*(,~/»ƒÔZÐZy(œ1]ÐÃZ+{ZV**ecZyÅ(¢zgc*]ÃæÃgÄ™F,šMŠ~ˆXZy¢zgc*]~¢zg~(ZbZñ»g)‰pZ0+ÏÔZ0+ZiÒyÔÑg5+k,~Zzg)b»i(ZzgãCŠ~(ñZŠ)‰'g'ÔZŠZgZzggzb(áïìXÅZKyÃ¢zg]ì@*z{ZK’ÅkB±ÃÔi0+Ï¦/ZgäÆaÓxF,&6VÃF,¹Š}ÃÔdŸ™ÃZzgDÆ”wÃYg~z‚g~gÄÃXãCŠ~½»e:ZzgZy»§T”wZ”VZzgp:V~ZƒYìZzgz‰ÜÆ‚B‚B**¦/k,îg6,Zy~p~WCgSìX

Y(XeZ»gÛ*zgu',ZñZŠZâ]:½ƒÆ 2000 Z6,s 26-28 ¬@(¯gx)Y( 2005 a)@*

123 vY]

uòßgÂVZzgdZyÅ„VÆŠzgZy :(CAFF Jg[ÂVÐzZha) /ZZYÔ5iáVÔi',Š4c*gŸ»g:îg6,aÀ˜Jg[¸ÂVpZ{z{ÓäƒVc*)

ÓäÔÐzZhƒYDX¢zg~7åtaÏg„ZVNÉt!*g',ŠZgƒMhÔYÎkÔ!*zgcc*Z•ðÒŸŠ»DgÌƒMhXtÓxaJg[¸ÂVÐzZhƒäÅzzÐ½ÐøzxƒYDXZyÅbàZzgF,¹Æ¿ÆŠzgZyZy”VÅSà(¢zgc*]ÃæÃgecX~gŠz)gŠ½ÔñW,½z{q~Ôi0+Ï¦/ZgäÆîg§jZzg&zgZ:½áïX±YV6,SàÂzŠ¶Å¢zg]ìqbàÆ»xÐøzxg3Y@*ìX

ñ‹Å¢zgc*]ÃZY¤/™äZzgZyÆiÆaZq-wú ñ‹Å(w: /Š~YCìT~zZ−+ÔzZ−+ZzgZ‚E+{Å¡VÔ£òZªVÔà~¡VÔ

ñ‹Å¡VÔâZâVÔpZ&Å¡VÔZ‚E+{Zzg)˜Voƒƒ(IzZßVÆúÒ}ÌáïƒDXZyÅf~ÌVÌƒCXÅú~tZgZWÌáïƒDX‰ç5]~ñ‹Å(°ËZq-(6,z¤/ZxÅfóŠZgƒCc*ËŠvßg]qw~Ëºm´º~¼Š(6,z¤/ZñVÅX

ñ‹ÅÑ•Zy%ZiZzgu¤/ñVÅ§sZág{™CìOW,{ ñ‹ÅÑ•: /W!*Š~ÆZgZWÃtZYi]ŠîìZ¹‹YnÔhV~ZyÅÑ•ƒZzgZ¹Zk‡.Þ¯c*Ynz{(ç5]~šzZôÃðŠZxZVÃXñ‹Å½7gÑ•

½Ð0ZyZëç5]ZzgÑÇ¿¯ä~æŠŠ}ÏX6,¿ŠgWæ**¦/k,ìX'×h+tñ‹ÅÑ•Ð£òz‚bÆ”w~ÌæŠAÏ(ç5]~çzyzæŠÇgU*"$ƒVÐXñ‹ÅÑ•~ÇZzg¬zyÐ½7gz‚bZzg¤‰Ü

124 vY]

zgúZïÌáïƒäecZyÃ@V6,FFƒV¬%µ~Yg~z‚g~ƒVX

Zq-Z+ßg]qwì˜VZÛZŠÅi0+ŠHVÔ#bz‹ŠZzg ëuòßg]qw: /W!*Š-VÅ³]zz‡gÃZdZã„V‰ŠgCZzgZKyÅaZ™Š{W©Ô

úZòÚZðZzg©£ŠxÐç{ÑhƒXZq-µ/¿CÆDZzgZyÅ'gÂVÃzÝŠ¶~çzyƒ@*ìX »[: /

Àò£gZ]ÆaÌ÷÷»[óó»ÂZq-äZ˜bÆîg6,ZEwƒÇXT»Z:tgŠc*)gŠ(6,z¤/ZñV6,ƒÇXZy~(£œÔ(ñZŠÔD+g+§i»g»Âxz2ÔgZÉñZŠZzgœ§T»gáïXgŠZzg)gŠ(6,z¤/ZñVÅgZÉðÆaZ,»[Å¢zg]ƒCìIzZáÅ¥â]ZzgŠ"6,FFƒZzgâjwÆ_.ƒXÀò£gZ]Æaqgzfs=%]ZEwÅYC

:yExÔ'gÂVÔZŠZgZzggz-VÅ¶K0+„™D( (£œZ D

u¤/ñVÆfg)Ûzr0*DX{z{‚iz‚ây)ExÔ¥â]Ô{ÔZŠZgZzggzb(ƒ@*ìTÐ7,J (ñZŠ D

ZZzg5Y@*ìXÐ%ZŠz{É™Š{§i»gìD+g+ñZŠÃ7 D+g+§i»gÆÂx D

™ä~ZEwƒ@*ìXZk§i;ñÂx»bzƒ@*ìù¦§i»gÆ D+g+2c*$©î EG0Ã D

Z:t~ZEwƒ@*ìXÐ%ZŠXi{ÃÔ77ZzgŠvD+g+ñZŠìX D+g+ñZŠ D

125 vY]

tZq-Z(‚¢ìTÆË~i0+Ï»MqÔZKãgôzZÝZzg(,}eä6, dZy: /D+g+ZâY»vyƒ@*ìX

(u¤/xVz{gŠz)gŠ(6,z¤/ZxX»Ñ4+}ò» (u¤/xV: /”wì”VZzgâZâVÅ½~ö',ŒÛZggBbc*!*¸yÆaIÆ4ñZµÛZë™CX

gŠ(6,z¤/ZxZq-Z,(£gÆ”w»µ/ìËÛŠÃ gŠ(6,z¤/Zx: /Zq-Ru"3©5½3ï HGEGGHÆ”w~gZÉðŠ}nXtÀ˜ziZg]½Æº!™Š{ò

(6,z¤/ZxÐ0ƒ@*ì&Óäîg6,zä™Š{Âxc*gZ”{6,ZÇf$jwZq-ò»[c*ËŠvàg”{»[ÆåR,“ÆòZŠZg}Æc*CZ‚E+{Ð½ŠßZNZzg&ziZg]ÆzVZzgZ5iÅxzg]ÌqÝƒX@*ëËuòßg]qw~Ô‰C{¦/eVÆatgŠ½C{¦/eVÆœV~ÌŠ~Y$ËìT~Hw»çzyÌáïƒ@*ìÔc*&ñ‹ZzgèIjßV~ÌZxŠc*YYìÔZk~ÌZKã#k¡V»(ñZŠÔZ‚E+{ÅF,šMjßVÅyÆe~çzyƒYìX

ËqÐ%ZŠ(6,z¤/ZñV~IzZßVÅJqÃD¯**Zzg½Æ Ëq: /aZyÆ)z~£tÃ!*zg™Z**ìX

Y( 2004 ^©2.çEGJ6,zÐâpf=%]:dZãgŠ¿~ZKyŠz„egR,ZzgÀò£gZ])

126 vY]

)gŠ6,z¤/ZxgŠ6,z¤/ZñVÆuzŠÐ!*CÙZx0*DZzgZk )gŠ(6,z¤/Zx: /~ËZŠZg}Å¤8-Ôu"3©5½3ï HGEGGHc*ÅÌ¢zg]7ƒC@*ë¼ç5]~Z¹!*Ÿ‚jßVc*ziZg]½ÐÝHYYìZzgIzZáZk)gŠ(

eÐgŠ(e~Ô4ŠZ¾Æîg6,áïƒMhXZk§bÆ6,z¤/ZxËµ"ÆƒDT~2äÆWÑ]ÔñZŠZzg@Ze$zgZÉðÐ0WÑ]ÌáïƒDEÔZlxZzgm~‡.Þ°pƒDZzgZy~”VZzg(,zVÅ5(¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™äÅZqÌƒCìXZy»»[ziZg]ÆŠØƒñ»[ÐZƒ@*ìÔLrg].h+»[ÐÌZƒ@*

ìZzg].h+§i»ÌX

Z+YZziÐ%ZŠòZzgÎZÑZò°ìZL )u»g~°)Z+YZzi(: /oÅÓ#ÖÅæZìÆ%»x™CX

ZkÐ%ZŠZ‚E+{Æ´z{z{ZÛZŠZk(6,z¤/Zx~áïc* Šv’)Ïî0½: /çzyƒDXZyZÛZŠ~jßVÆ4zZ,gÔZ‚E+{Æ!›Ð)4èGEÔ(ZfZyÔ»[úŠ¶zZáÔjßVÆ°uÔÇgeÔ!*zgcZzgÌð»oz){áïX

£g~½~ÁÜ»Zq-ù·áïƒ@*ìXZ¤/pZk~qgzfs £g~½: /(‡.Þ 2 (IÅôpZzg‚iÇgc) 1 ZâYáïpZy»ŠZ],{ŒVJ-özŠ7)

(ŠgkzD+göÆaoƒñZŠ 3 ZzgF,šMc*CZ‚E+{XÅ*y6,»ïŠ,kƒ)(¯kÅoƒ®ZŠXdZãßg‹qw~£g~ 5 (½ÆaÑÇ§T»g) 4)

½Zq-gŠZ:(c‡ì™CìT~ôÔöÔ!u¤/ñVÅF,¹Ô‚B„

127 vY]

(u¤/ñV»ZZYXÅãCŠ7,JðÔ–ðÔZ°ZŠÑg~Zzg{q~6,g¿YCì@*IzZá:ÜsZL{~'g]qÝ™ÃÉYZzg#R6,VÆöZzg

ZKã-Æ¿ÐÌ$ÃX

: ÷½óÐ%ZŠH5ŠHÔ¾§b5ŠHZzgñW,½»H£gå?½Ã!*Ñ ½ /´¯äÆa£ògzZc*]ZzgZŠZgzVÔµpDZqwÔZ+ÆÂxZzgñ‹Å /

¢zgc*]Ã(6,z¤/ZñVøwîsZ=]¢zgc*]Ð%1oHY@*ìXÃñ‹ÂuJ-7gZ7™CZzgw~”V»ZyÐzZô7,@*ìX

:ZkZ˜bÐ%ZŠYzpDøzñV)øwYÔèIZzg Sà(¢zgc*] /çÙZqÐi(ÆDg¥ZzgSàmzg-V)øwf6ÔKãZzg_.!*C(ÆqïZÛZŠƒDX

:³~z{ßvZzg¤/z\áïƒDËºm¿ZzgZkÆ}ò ³ /~7VŠpgnpƒVZzgZkÐOW,ƒDƒVX

:Zq-Z*ŠgŠ(6,z¤/Zx»Z2ËXyc*)gŠ(6,z¤/Zx»œª»gc* Z‚E+{ /âöƒYìÔpZ{ZkägŠF,šMqÝÅƒc*7X {

XZŠZg{',Zñ(0*ŒZ·m,:¤/Zf$jw',Zñ½zZKãF,¹ÔÛz¼ 4

0*GZg(F,¹»ŠzCÙZ"g : Ñ•ÔÂ]4üGLg‚ðhttp://www.edpolicy.gwu.edu/resources/enhancing/part_b.html

128 vY]

¸÷³Æ‹tÅY+$Âx;ñ»góÃV 1998 XzZ×ÔKZzg!5¼BèGEEZ+ÔZp) 5

ZÝ)Z(ÕiZzgÕiÅµ/È~»_$œî J:egZày6,öÔZzgàzÔjgi+c*

vY]:2v

jZ!Y]zâ~.Z]Æ™6,zZµãCŠ~ INEE ik,¿zd$‚V$6,ñŠgzZ*~ÐZ¤/ÃðÌ»x:™}Â',Z{™x

jZ!YCZzg@*G~ñZŠÐgq™,˜Vzd$‚V$¯x6,gzZ*Å@*i{»g~ƒCgSìX http://ineesite.org/core/default.asp

Àòâ~.Z]Aguilar, Pilar and Gonzalo Retamal (1998), Rapid Educational Response

in Complex Emergencies, Geneva: International Bureau of Education.

http://ineesite.org/core/default.asp

ë{**ãzZu]Åßg]qwÆZ[~u#(u¤/xVÔ„Z:ÎZÑZò(çgzBethke, Lynne and Scott Braunschweig (2004), Global Survey on

Education in Emergencies, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women

and Children.

http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/Ed_Emerg.pdf

**ãzZu]Åßg]qw~½6,¬@uz}

129 vY]

Boyden, Jo with Paul Ryder (1996), Implementing the Right to Education

in Areas of Armed Conflict, Oxford.

http://meltingpot.fortunecity.com/lebanon/254/boyden.htm

©£ŠxÆ´‘Y]~”w½Æh6,cgWæ™Z**Brookings Institution (1999), Handbook for Applying the Guiding

Principles of Internal Displacement.

http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/idp/articles/guiding.htm

Š4ÂTÆgÉZßßVÃZC™"y£òZÛZŠÅW!*Š»g~Ãe¯**Crisp, Jeff, Christopher Talbot and Daiana Cipollone (eds.) (2001),

Learning for a Future: Refugee Education in Developing Countries,

Geneva: UNHCR.

http://www.unhcr.ch/pubs/epau/learningfuture/learningtoc.htm

”w½',Zñw:F,¹5+k,´~@*gWzíÆa½âCÙ+½Å£?Æ**xŠg`fsX

• Education in emergencies – Margaret Sinclair

/**ãzZu]Åßg]qw~(u¤/xV• On school quality and attainment – James H.Williams

/ç5]jwÔpçVZzg»%ZEVÆ:©~• Improving quality and attainment in refugee schools: the case of the

Bhutanese refugees in Nepal – Timothy Brown

/@*gWzíÆajßV~pçVZzg»%ZEV»Ûzr:{Cw~ÈN*ã'+Æ

130 vY]

ç5]• Peace education and refugee youth – Marc Sommers

/ZðzZâyÐé½ZzgâZV'+• Vocational training for refugees: a case study from Tanzania – Erik Lyby

/@*gWzíÆa&zgZ:F,šM:ÝZ6~g„ÆË~‡.Þ¿%:INEE, Technical Resource Kit for Emergency Education.

http://ineesite.org/about/team_LMR.asp

(A digital copy can be ordered free of charge on the INEE website and is

included on the INEE CD-ROM Technical Kit.)

Z\Ò½Æa}â~.–Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2002), Growing the Sheltering Tree:

Protecting Rights through Humanitarian Action. NewYork: UNICEF.

http://www.icva.ch/files/shelteringtree.pdf

uoÅ›ú:ZKyŠz„ZŠZgÆfg)£t»DNicolai, Susan (2003), Education in Emergencies: A Tool Kit for Starting

and Managing Education in Emergencies, Save the Children UK.


Z\Ò~½:Z\Ò~½ÆW¸iZzgZÐ',ŒÛZggppÆaZq-Iw–Nicolai, Susan and Carl Triplehorn (2003), The Role of Education in

Protecting Children in Conflict, Humanitarian Practice Network Paper

no. 42.

131 vY]

http://www.odihpn.org/pdfbin/networkpaper042.pdf

£Šx~”VÃDÛZë™äÆjZáÐ½»™ŠZgPigozzi, Mary Jane (1999), Education in Emergencies and Reconstruction:

A Developmental

Approach,Working Paper Series, New York: UNICEF.

http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/EducEmerg.PDF

Z\Ò~½Zzgyâ:Zq-F,ªCNÃSinclair, Margaret (2002), Planning Education In and After Emergencies,

Fundamentals of Educational Planning vol. 73, Paris: UNESCO IIEP.

www.unesco.org/iiep/eng/publications/pubs.htm

Z\ÒÆŠzgZyZzgSkÆ½Æaµ/È~Ô(µ/È~ÆZßwSinclair, Margaret and Carl Triplehorn (2001), Matrix of Activities and

Support Needed for Implementing an Emergency Education Program.

http://www.ineesite.org/core/matrix.asp

Z\Ò(6,z¤/ZxÆÎfÆa¾èu¤/xVZzgçz-$Smith, Alan and Tony Vaux (2002), Education and Conflict, London:

Department for International Development.


½Zzg£ŠxSommers, Marc (2001), Youth: Care and Protection of Children in

Emergencies: A Field Guide, Save the Children USA.

132 vY]


âZy:Z\Ò~”VÅ¼Z“ZzgZy»DSommers, Marc (2002), Children, Education and War: Reaching

Education for All (EFA) Objectives in Countries Affected by

Conflict,World Bank, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Unit.

http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC15001.htm

½ƒÆaJ-g‚ðÆ£œ (EFA) aÔ½ZzgkB:£ŠxÐOW,{´~Sommers, Marc (2003), The Education Imperative, Educating Refugee

Children, Academy for Educational Development and Women’s

Commission for Refugee Women and Children.

www.aed.org/ToolsandPublications/upload/EducationImperative.pdf

½ÅZÌÔ@*gWzíÆ”VÃ½Ð¾{q™**Sphere Project (2004), Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in

Disaster Response, Geneva: The Sphere Project.

http://www.sphereproject.org

dZyÆZ!¿ÆaZKyŠz„šgZzgÀò£gZ]Triplehorn, Carl (2001), Education: Care and Protection of Children in

Emergencies: A Field Guide, Save the Children USA.


Z\Ò~”VÅ¼Z“ZzgZy»DUnited Nations (1989), Convention on the Rights of the Child, New York,

133 vY]

UN. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm

”VÆ£t6,FF.šUnited Nations (1998), Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, from

UN document E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, 11 February 1998.

http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/principles.htm#*

£ò"yZÛZŠÆagÉZßwUnited Nations (2000), Millennium Development Goals, New York, UN.

http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

Z@ZsÔEc*gu !5Ò54-ê GGEGF,ªC

United Nations (2000), United Nations Millennium Declaration, New

York, UN. http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm

ZZx{»!5Ò54-ê GGEGZ´ð

UNESCO (2000), The Dakar Framework for Action: Education for

All:Meeting Our Collective Commitments, derived from the World

Education Forum proceedings, Dakar. Paris: UNESCO.

http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/ed_for_all/dakfram_eng.shtml

eZ»gÛ*zgu',ZñZŠZâ]:½ƒÆa:ZKù¦f)ŠZg-VÐÇ{',Wƒ**UNESCO (2002), Education for All: An International Strategy to Put the

Dakar Framework for Action on Education for All into Operation, Paris:

UNESCO.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001266/126631eo.pdf

134 vY]

½ƒÆa:eZ»gÛ*zgu6,Œø»]',Zñ½ƒÆaÅZq-ÎZÑZòÕiÃg%:ZC**

UNESCO (2003), Guidelines for Education in Situations of Emergency

and Crisis: EFA Strategic Planning, UNESCO.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001282/128214e.pdf

Z\ÒZzgdZyÅßg]qw~½ÆagÉ@Zc*]:½ƒÆaÅÕiZzgµ/È~UNESCO (2000), Thematic Study on Education in Situations of

Emergency and Crisis: Assessment EFA 2000, Paris: UNESCO

Emergency Education Assistance Unit. www.unesco.org

½ƒÆa EFA2000 Åï:Y,{ Thematic Z\ÒZzgdZyÅßg]qw~½6,UNHCR (1994), Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care,

UNHCR. http://www.unhcr.ch

'a:ZyÅ¼Z“ZzgDÆagÉ@Zc*]UNHCR (2003), Revised Education Field Guidelines, Geneva: UNHCR.


ÃU*ã”{($gÉ@Zc*]UNHCR (1995), Revised Guidelines for Educational Assistance to

Refugees, Geneva: UNHCR. http://www.unhcr.ch/

'+Å(çz-$ÆaÃU*ã”{gÉ@Zc*]UNHCR and Save the Children (2000), Action for the Rights of Children

(ARC): Education, Critical Issues, Geneva.

135 vY]

http://http://www.unhcr.ch/cgibin/ texis/vtx/home/open

doc.pdf?tbl=PROTECTION&id=3bb821334&page=PROTECT

:½Ô™)b (ARC) ”VÆ£tÆaZŠZâ]UNICEF (1999), Humanitarian Principles Training: A Child Rights

Protection Approach to Complex Emergencies, UNICEF.

http://coe-dmha.org/unicef/unicef2fs.htm

ZKyŠz„ZßßVÅF,šM:»”w:ë{ßg]qw~”VÆDÆ£t»NÃWorking Group on Children Affected by Armed Conflict and

Displacement (1996), Promoting Psychosocial Well-Being Among

Children Affected by Armed Conflict and Displacement: Principles

and Approaches, Geneva: International Save the Children Alliance.

http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/psychsocwellbeing2.pdf

"yZzg©£ŠxÐOW,{”VÅ;CzY4~»Ûzr:ZßwZzgNÃ

ñ‹ÅÑ•Xhttp://www.ineesite.org/assess/default.asp

INEE Good Practice Guides – Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation.

ÅY+$Ð7™Š{ZŒ‡.Þ¿gÉ@Zc*]:Y,{ÔôZãZzgøá INEE

http://www.ineesite.org/assess/com_part.asp

136 vY]

INEE Good Practice Guides – Community Participation in Assessment

and Development of Education Programmes.

(6,z¤/ZxÆÛzrZzgY,{Æ¿ : ÅY+$Ð7™Š{ZŒ‡.Þ¿gÉ@Zc*] INEE

~Ý‹ÅÑ•http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/manage.asp

INEE Good Practice Guides – Education Structures and Management:

Education Systems Management.

ÅY+$Ð7™Š{ZŒ‡.Þ¿gÉ@Zc*]:(eJ‘ÅúZzgZOðÔ( INEE

Âx»Èznhttp://www.ineesite.org/training/committee.asp

INEE Good Practice Guides – Training and Capacity Building:

Community Education Committees.

ÅY+$Ð7™Š{ZŒ‡.Þ¿gÉ@Zc*]:F,šMZzgZ¦ZŠ»g»Ûzr:ñ‹Å INEE

(ÌVhttp://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_

file=/DOCREP/006/AD346E/AD346E00.HTM

Jain, S.P. Polman, Wim (2003) A Handbook for Trainers on

Participatory Local Development, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the

Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand.

ÑZÇF,¹6,F,šM»gzVZzgÑ»YÆ_·Æa £ò FAO Z¨ZzgdZÃIÆ´‡ðŠÃF,Zq-Š4Â^

137 vY]

http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/11_197.pdf

Shaeffer, Hseldon (1994) Participation for Educational Change: A

Synthesis of Experience, IIEP, UNESCO.

(p=VÆjZáÐÑ•»¿:Š/6,FFZq-çÅúhttp://poverty.worldbank.org/library/view/14064/

Uemura, Mitsue (1999) Community Participation in Education:What Do

We Know? HDNED, World Bank.

½Æ¿~ñ‹ÅÑ•:Zke~…H¥â]qÝ?:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/9241545194.pdf

World Health Organisation (1999) Community Emergency

A Manual f or Managers Preparedness and Policy-Makers, WHO

ÅZ\ÒÆa!»gc*V:Zq-Š4Â[',Zñ§Zzg0*Œ‚ipZ&z|Z] ñ‹

‹thttp://meltingpot.fortunecity.com/lebanon/254/boyden.htm

Boyden, jo with Paul Ryder (1996), Implementing the Right to Education

in Areas of Armed Conflict, Oxford.

©£ŠxÐOW,{´V~½Æ£t6,cgWæ™Z**Cosling, Louisa with Mike Ewards (1995) Toolkits: A Practical Guide to

Assessment, Monitoring, Review and Evaluation, London, Save the Children.

Iw„:Y,{Ô¼Z“ÔÃU*ãÔZzgøáÆZŠgZu6,ŒgÉiÂ[

138 vY]

http://www.ineesite.org/assess/default.asp

INEE Good Practice Guides – Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation.

ÅY+$Ð7™Š{ZŒ‡.Þ¿gÉ@Zc*]:Y,{Ô¼Z“ÔZzgøá INEE

http://www.ineesite.org/assess/needs.asp

Assessing resource needs and capacities in an initial emergency:

/Z\ÒÆZ’Zð²á~z‚bÔ¢zgc*]ZzgZ¦ZŠ»Y,{http://www.ineesite.org/assess/schoolage.asp

Assessment of school-age children:

/jwYäÆÑë”V»Y,{http://www.ineesite.org/assess/ex_school.asp

Assessment of out-of-school youth and youth leaders:

/jw:WäzZáâZy”VZzgZyÆ7gzV»Y,{http://www.ineesite.org/assess/com_needs.asp

Assessing and analysing community non-formal educational needs:

/ñ‹Å)gŠ(¢zgc*]»‹tZzgY,{http://www.ineesite.org/assess/partner.asp

Partner assessment and selection:

/Ñq-»g»Y,{ZzgZN[http://www.ineesite.org/assess/monitor.asp

Monitoring systems for emergency education:

/Z\Ò½ÆaôZã»Âx

139 vY]

http://www.ineesite.org/assess/data.asp

School data and information systems:

/jwÆÃZZzg¥â]»Âxhttp://www.interaction.org/protection/index.html

InterAction Working Protection Group (2004), Making Protection A

Priority: A Guidebook for Incorporating Protection into Data Collection in

Humanitarian Assistance, InterAction.

DÃF,ßŠb:ZKyŠz„ZÛZŠÅY+$Ð¬zyÆK~¦™Š{ÃZÆZ0+gZ`ÃDÐ%1o™äÆagÉÂ^

http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cida_ind.nsf/0/02e83504b7a

1b1c085256bb900800f8b?OpenDocument

Isaac,Annette(2002) Education, Conflict and Peacebuilding: A

Diagnostic Tool, CIDA.

½Ô£ŠxZzgZðzZây»ªx:œIwJohannessen, Eva Marion (2001), Guidelines for Evaluation of Education

Projects in Emergency Situations, Oslo, Norwegian Refugee Council.

Z\Òßg]qw~(6,zÅøáÆagÉ@Ze$**óhttp://www.ineesite.org/core/steps.pdf

Nicolai, Susan (2003), Steps in Planning’ within Education in

Emergencies: A Tool Kit for Starting and Managing Education in

Emergencies, Save the Children.

140 vY]

Z\Ò~(¿ÃYg~gnpƒñµ/È~Æe~ZŠZâ]:Z\ÒÆŠzgZy½Ñzq™äZzgZÐ',ŒÛZggppÆúZïÅIw–

www.odihpn.org/publist.asp.

Nicolai, Susan and Carl Triplehorn (2003), The immediately, sooner, later

matrix of response’. Annex 1 in The Role of Education in Protecting

Children in Conflict, Network Page 42, London; HPN.

~£ŠxÐ”VÃDÛZë™äÆ¿~½»™ŠZg 1 š@*íÔg~Ôâg›¿;vOECD(2002), Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation Results-Based

Management, Evaluation and Aid Effectiveness No. 6, Paris: OECD

}ò6,FFZOxZzgøáÆaã~Z˜q]ÅÛ}Rubin, F.(1995), A Basic Guide to Evaluation for Development Workers,

Oxford: Oxfam.

F,ªC»ñV~zs»g.VÅøáÆaZq-ãCŠ~@Ze$**)Save the Children (2002), Measuring London: Save the Children.

Change in Education, SC UK Quality Education Guidelines,

London: Save the Children.

½~p~ÅeöSave the Children (2002), Guidelines for Emergency Preparedness

Planning, London: Save the Children.

Z\Ò~!»g~Åµ/È~Æa@Ze$**)

141 vY]

g‚ðZzg(âjwBergeron, G. and J. Del Rosso (2001), Food for Education Indicator

Guide,

www.pronutrition.org/files/Food%20for%20Education

%20Indicators%20Measurement%20Guide.pdf

(ZágZ]ÇàÆapgZuBracken, P. and C. Petty (eds.) (1998), Rethinking the Trauma of War,

London: Save the Children.

kBÅqªiZg6,Ziuâgz„INEE Good Practice Guides – Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation

• School site/environmental assessment:

http://www.ineesite.org/assess/site.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óXY,{ÔôZãZzgøá INEE

/jw»YñzqZzgâj1CøáINEE Good Practice Guides – Education Structures and Management

• Clothing and hygiene:

http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/clothing.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óX(eJ‘ZzgZOð INEE

/ÛZb]kZzg¡¬):INEE Good Practice Guides – Inclusive Education

142 vY]

• Toward full participation:

http://www.ineesite.org/inclusion/participation.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óX½ÆÑ] INEE

/åÑ•ÅY+$• Gender equality/girls’ and women’s education:

http://www.ineesite.org/inclusion/gender.asp

±YVZzgúgÂVÆa7V½ / /½ÆjZáÐ)zZ]• Adult ex-combatants and child soldiers:

http://www.ineesite.org/inclusion/soldiers.asp

/!*Úgð],e§Zzg^Y

• Children in especially difficult circumstances:

http://www.ineesite.org/inclusion/difficult.asp

/z{aSàîg6,Âßg]qwÐŠzegƒV

• Persons with disabilities:

http://www.ineesite.org/inclusion/disabled.asp

/mzgZÛZŠINEE Good Practice Guides – School Environment and Supplies

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óXjw»âjwZzgað INEE

• Student learning materials:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/materials.asp

/CÆa(‚iz‚ây

143 vY]

• School seating and school furniture:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/seating.asp

/jw~ÒVZzgÛo»ÈznSchool and educational equipment:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/equip.asp

/jwZzg(WÑ]Shelter and school construction:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/shelter.asp

/g;öZzgjwÅyChild-friendly spaces:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/friendly.asp

/”VÆañizVÇSafety and security measures:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/safety.asp

/DZzg™õZŠZâ]Water and sanitation:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/water.asp

/0*ãZzgÌð_Zð»ZOxSchool feeding:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/feeding.asp

/jw~3äÅW»Èzn

144 vY]

INEE Good Practice Guides – Training and Capacity Building

• The roles of national NGOs:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/ngo.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óXF,šMZzgZ¦ZŠ»g»Ûzr INEE

/¸ò)u»g~¡V»™ŠZgLoury, MaryAnne and A. Ager (2001), The Refugee Experience:

Psychosocial Training Module, Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre, revised

editionhttp://www.earlybird.qeh.ox.ac.uk/rfgex/

'+»Š/:;CzYF,mâe-wNicolai, Susan (2003), ‘Project Approaches,’ within Education in


Emergencies, Save the Children UK.

http://www.ineesite.org/core/approaches.pdf

Z\Ò~½ÆŠzgZì÷þ÷6,z»NÃóó:Z\Ò~½Ñzq™äZzgZÐ',ŒÛZggppÆaIw–

Tolfree, David (1996), Restoring Playfulness: Different Approaches to

Assisting Children Who Are Psychologically Affected by War or

Displacement, Rädda Barnen, Sweden.

pl'×ZYbw™**:z{akBÐOW,Zzg"yƒäÆË~;CªÐŠzeg ZyÅæŠÆaZZ0+Zi„ZC**@*z{ZkZfe$Ð]0*Ã

World Food Programme (2001), School Feeding Works for Girls’

145 vY]

Education, Rome, WFP. www.wfp.org

jw~½qÝ™äzZà±YVÆa3äÅW»ÈznWorld Food Programme, Planning for School Feeding in the Emergency

Setting – Situation Analysis, Designing the Programme and

Implementation, WFP. www.wfp.org

jw~3äÅWÆÈznÅµ/È~Xßg]qw»‹tX6,z¤/ZxÅem,Zí»g~ZzgZk6,cgWæ™Z**

World Health Organisation (2003), Mental Health in Emergencies,

Geneva: WHO http://www.who.int/disasters/repo/8656.pdf

Z\ÒÆŠzgZyOW,+ÅŠâ©¡

D+göZzg½Baxter, Pamela (2001), INEE Peace Education Kit, within the Technical

Resource Kit for Emergency Education, INEE. (A digital copy can be

ordered free of charge on the INEE website and is included on the INEE

CD-ROM Technical

Kit.)http://www.ineesite.org/about/team_LMR.asp

ZðÅqï(–7ÅTÆfg)}â~.ZEw™DƒñZ\Ò~½ INEE

Š~Y$ËìXBoyden, Jo with Paul Ryder (1996), Implementing the Right to Education

in Areas of Armed Conflict, Oxford

146 vY]

http://meltingpot.fortunecity.com/lebanon/254/boyden.htm

©£ŠxÐOW,{´V~½Æ£t6,cgWæ™Z**Brochmann, Helge et al (2001), Human Rights: A Teacher’s Guide, Oslo:

Norwegian Refugee Council. http://ineesite.org/core/default.asp

ZKã£t:@Ze$**)',ZñyBush, Kenneth D. and Diana Saltarelli (eds.) (2000), The Two Faces of

Education in Ethnic Conflict: Towards a Peacebuilding Education For

Children, UNICEF Innocenti Insight.

http://www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/insight4.pdf

#¤/zƒV~£ŠxÆË~½ÆŠzCÙ}£g6,ZÖgìw:”VÃZð‚i½Ð¾{q™**

INEE Good Practice Guides – Educational Content and Methodology

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**ó:(ñZŠZzgZßà§i»g INEE

Training teachers to meet psychosocial needs:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/psy_soc.asp

/;C¢zzgÂVÃ7gZ™äÆaZ‚E+{ÅF,šM

Curriculum and testing:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/curriculum.asp

/»!ÃZzgYõ»g~Revising and negotiating the curriculum:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/revise_curr.asp

147 vY]

/»!Ã6,ÃU*ãZzg!*]’ALife skills and complementary education programmes (health education,

landmine awareness, peace education):

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/life_skills.asp

/ZKã'g'Zz:(6,z¤/Zx)½Ô¡Ô!*gzŠ~uùVÐWÇ„ÔZðÅ½(Early childhood development:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/early.asp

/”VÆZ’ZðÅg»ÛzrSecondary school education:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/second.asp

/U*â~jwÅ½Tertiary education – university, colleges and vocational schools:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/tertiary.asp

/½ÆZŒ%Zi:»ÒÔ-Eg;Zzg&zgZ:jwCommunity information campaigns:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/com_info.asp

/ñ‹Å¥â]ÐWÇ„ÅîAdult education:

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/adult.asp

/½!*¸VOut-of-school programmes:

148 vY]

http://www.ineesite.org/edcon/out_school.asp

/jwÐ!*CÙ)»!6,z¤/ZxINEE Good Practice Guides – Education Structures and Management

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**ó:(eJ‘ZzgZOð: INEE

School administration:

http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/admin.asp

/jwÅZOðINEE Good Practice Guides – School Environment and Supplies

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**ó:jw»âjwZzgað INEE

School supplies and teaching materials:

http://www.ineesite.org/school/supplies.asp

/jwÆaŠvaðZzD+g+ñZŠINEE Learning Materials Task Group (2001), Teaching – Learning

Materials for Education in Situations of Emergency and Crisis: An

Overveiw , INEE. www.ineesite.orgINEE

D+göXdZyZzgZ\ÒÅßg]qw~(ñZŠInter-Agency Standing Committee (2003), Revised Guidelines for

HIV/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, United Nations.

http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/IA

SC%20products/FinalGuidelines17Nov2003.pdf

´`çOÆaÃU*ã”{@Ze$**ó HIV/AIDS qw~ Z\ÒÅßg]

149 vY]

Lorey, Mark (2001), Child Soldiers: Care and Protection for Children in

Emergencies: A Field Guide, Save the Children, USA.


¯Ya:Z\Ò~”VÅ¼Z“ZzgD:Zq-$gÉÂ^Lowicki, Jane (2000), Untapped Potential: Adolescents Affected by

Armed Conflict. A Review of Programs and Policies, Women’s


Zkã¸~z‚bJ-**g‚ð:©£ŠxÐOW,{!*ÚZÛZŠ:6,z¤/ZxZzg0*Œ»Y,{Lowicki, Jane (2004), Youth Speak Out: New Voices on the Protection

and Participation of Young People Affected by Armed Conflict, Women’s


http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_youth.pdf

©£ŠxÐOW,âZy±Å™«ZzgZyÅÑ•ÆjZáÐ@*i{ " âZâVZKWzZiZVƒ " þF,+œZN

Lowicki, Jane (2004), Reference Guide: Adolescent and Youth

Education, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children.

http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ones.pdf

jZ!YCgÉÂ:½',Zñ!*¸yZzgâZy±McConnan, Isobel and S. Uppard (2001), Children Not Soldiers:

Guidelines for Working with Child Soldiers and Children Associated with

Fighting Forces, London: Save the Children.

150 vY]

http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2002/sc-children-dec01.htm

a:¯`:¯Y”VZzgJg[ÂVÐzZh”VÆ‚B»x™äÆa@Ze$**óNicolai, Susan (2003), ‘Framework for Learning’ within Education in


Emergencies, Save the Children, UK.

http://www.ineesite.org/core/framework.pdf

Z\Ò~½ÆŠzgZy”w½ÆaÛ*zgu::Z\Ò~½Ñzq™äZzgZÐ',ŒÛZggppÅIw–

Norwegian Refugee Council (with UNESCO-PEER) (2000), Teacher

Emergency Package: Teacher’s Guide: Basic Literacy, Numeracy and

Themes for Everyday Living, Norwegian Refugee Council

http://ineesite.org/about/TTLMBKLT.pdf

Z\Ò‡',ñZ‚E+{:gÉÂ',ZñZ‚E+{:ãCŠ~pZ0+ÏÔgzi%{i0+ÏÆaÑ§]ZzgZ°ZŠÑg~

Norwegian Refugee Council (2000), Teacher Emergency Package:

Trainer’s Support Manual, Norwegian Refugee Council

http://ineesite.org/about/TTLMBKLT.pdf

Z\Ò‡',ñZ‚E+{:çzygÉÂ',ZñF,šM»gNorwegian Refugee Council (2001), Strategies: Spearheading Core

Activities in Phases of Conflict. One organisation’s definition of

emergency scenarios and programming opportunities.

151 vY]

http://www.ineesite.org/core/core_act1.asp

ÕqV:£ŠxÆ%ZiÆŠzgZyãCŠ~u¤/ñV»ÛzrSave the Children (1999), Mines – Beware! Starting to Teach Children

Safe Behaviour, Rädda Barnen, Sweden.

!*gzŠ~u4:ZyÐŠZgg:”VÃZK™«»gztZCäÅ½Š¶»W¸i™**XTawil, Sobhi and Alexandra Harley (2002), Curriculum Change and

Social Cohesion in Conflict- Affected Societies, report of technical

meeting, UNESCO IBE. http://www.seeeducoop.

net/education_in/pdf/curric_change_social_cohesion-bih_enl_t05.pdf

»[~p~Zzg£ŠxÐOW,{çÑzV~YzZÕTawil, Sobhi and Alexandra Harley (eds.) (2004), Education, Conflict .

and Social Cohesion (Studies in Comparative Education),

Geneva:UNESCO IBE.

½Ô£ŠxZzgYzZÕ)½ÆjZáÐñZi:6,FF_·(UNESCO, Teacher Emergency Package (TEP) with links to the TEP for

Angola and the UNICEFUNESCO TEP Programme in Rwanda.

http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-

URL_ID=13446&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

Ô',Zñ (TEP ) ìgzZ*ì.Z\Ò‡',ZñZ‚E+{ (TEP) Z\Ò‡',ZñZ‚E+{6,z¤/Zx',Zñgz&+Z (TEP) UNESCO-UNICEF ZùÑZzg

UNHCR (2001), HIV/AIDS Education for Refugee Youth: The Window

152 vY]

of Hope, Geneva, UNHCR.

ZyÆŠg : ÐvÅ{§½»Èzn HIV/AIDS 'âZâVÆaUNICEF, International Guidelines for Landmine and Unexploded

Ordnance Awareness Education, New York, UNICEF.

http://members.iinet.net.au/~pictim/mines/unicef/mineawar.pdf

!*gzŠ~uùVZzgÔzZá!*gzŠ~ñZŠÐvÅ{§½ÐWÇ„ÅÎZÑZògÉ@Zc*]UNICEF, UNESCO,WHO and the World Bank (2000), Focusing

Resources on Effective School Health: A FRESH Start to Enhancing the

Quality and Equity of Education, New York, UNICEF.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001240/124086mo.pdf

jw~¡ÆjZáÐñW,z‚b6,Šb:)z~Ñ•ZzgZkÆ£gÃ'×h+4¯äÆaW¸iâ

Welbourn, Alice (1995), Stepping Stones: A Training Package on

HIV/AIDS, Communication and Relationship Skills, London, ActionAid.

þhttp://www.steppingstonesfeedback.org/index.htm

ÔZšrZzgmÅ'gÂVÆaZq-F,m‡ HIV/AIDS:

Z‚E+{ZzgŠv(†]INEE Good Practice Guides – Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation •

Assessment of teacher/facilitator availability and capacity, including

selection:

153 vY]

http://www.ineesite.org/assess/teacher.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óXY,{ÔôZãZzgøá INEE

œª»gÅŠø7!ZzgZkÅ‡/ÔøwZN[ / /åÅZq»Z0+Zi{Î**INEE Good Practice Guides – Education Structures and Management

• School administration:

http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/admin.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óX(eJ‘ZzgZOð INEE

/jwÅZOð• Compensation and payment of education staff:

http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/payment.asp

/(pÅ9Z{Zzgçz£INEE Good Practice Guides – Training and Capacity Building

• Certification and accreditation:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/certificate.asp


/Z‹Š»ZZZzg(£gZ]Å¤&Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2002), Plan of Action and Core

Principles of Codes of Conducts on Protection from Sexual Abuse and

Exploitation in Humanitarian Crisis, United Nations.

http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/poasexualexploitation.doc

Ë»xÅuZxŠ„Æaµ/‚i~ZzgÒƒ‹ÅÐDZzgdZyÐŠzegZK+MÃ

154 vY]

Z¡wÐXäÆaŸ‚ZÜtÆãCŠ~ZßwZzgµ/¿

0*ŒZzggZ‚»g~INEE Good Practice Guides – Education Structures and Management

• School fees:

http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/fees.asp

ÆZŒ‡.Þ¿@Ze$**óX(eJ‘ZzgZOðX INEE

/jwÅ:• Repatriation and reintegration:

http://www.ineesite.org/edstruc/repatriate.asp

/zZ3»¿ZzgŠz!*g{ËqINEE Good Practice Guides – Training and Capacity Building

• Pre-service, in-service, in the school:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/service.asp


/uzkÐIÔŠzgZyuzkZzgjw~• Teacher observation and lesson planning:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/observation.asp

/å»x@{Zzg$Åµ/È~On-site teacher training and support – mobile trainers and mentors:

155 vY]

http://www.ineesite.org/training/on_site.asp

/Wy‚V$åÅF,šMZzgçz-$Xñ!*bF,šM»gZzgZ@*Ý• The role of national government:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/government.asp

/¸òÓä™ŠZg• The roles of international NGOs:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/int_ngo.asp

/ÎZÑZò)u»g~ZŠZgzV»™ŠZg• The roles of UN agencies:

http://www.ineesite.org/training/un.asp

/ZZx{ÆZŠZgzV»™ŠZgSommers, Marc (2004), Co-ordinating Education During Emergencies

Challenges and Responsibilities, Education in and Reconstruction:

Studies. Paris: Emergencies and Reconstruction: Thematic Policy

UNESCO IIEP.

Z\ÒZzgyâÆŠzgZy(u¤/ñVÆagZ‚»g~:½Zzgf)ŠZgc*V

ZÖgÎ 3v:»zgå¤/z\ INEE uòqÑ]~Àò(£gZ]Æa

156 vY]

INEE Working Group on Minimum Standards for Education in

Emergencies

CARE Canada (Nancy Drost) * CARE USA (Hassan Mohammed) *

Catholic Relief Services (Mike Pozniak and Christine Carneal) *

International Rescue Committee (Rebecca Winthrop and

Wendy Smith) * Norwegian Church Aid (Birgit Villumstad) * Norway UN

Association/ Norwegian Refugee Council (Helge Brochmann) * Refugee

Education Trust (Tim Brown) * Save the Children UK (Susan Nicolai) *

Save the Children USA (Christine Knudsen) * UNESCO

(Christopher Talbot) * UNHCR (Nemia Temporal) * UNICEF (Pilar Aguilar) *

World Education/The Consortium (Fred Ligon)

ˆg~š',ZñÀò(£gZ]TÆazgå¤/z\»ªx¿~Wc*

Transition team for establishing a Working Group on

Minimum Standards

CARE USA (Jane Benbow) * Catholic Relief Services (Mike Pozniak) *

Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (Nancy Drost) * The

International Rescue Committee (Wendy Smith) * Norwegian Refugee

Council (Eldrid Midttun) * Save the Children Alliance (Susan Nicolai) *

Save the Children USA (Christine Knudsen)

Àò£gZ]Æ§i»gÆaZæZŠŠ¶zZáZŠZg}Donors to the minimum standards process

157 vY]

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) * Swedish International

Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) * International Rescue

Committee * International Save the Children

Alliance * Save the Children Norway * UNESCO * UNHCR * UNICEF *

World Bank.

®8-¤/z\ÆZg»y INEE

INEE Steering Group members

CARE International * International Rescue Committee * International Save

the Children Alliance * Norwegian Refugee Council * UNESCO * UNHCR *

UNICEF * World Bank

óR,f$ INEE

INEE Secretariat

Allison Anderson, Focal Point on Minimum Standards (hosted by the

International Rescue Committee)

Beverly Roberts, Network Coordinator (hosted by UNESCO)

Goeril Tomren, Assistant Network Coordinator (hosted by UNESCO)

Æ¾ŠyÇy INEE

INEE Donors

CARE USA * The International Save the Children Alliance * The Mellon

Foundation * Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD) * Norwegian

Ministry of Foreign Affairs * UNESCO * UNHCR * UNICEF * World Bank

158 vY]

´‡ðxzgCqzÎRegional Consultation Delegates

*=Consultation Host

(OC)=Regional Consultation Organising Committee member

ZÛiÆù¦xzgCZg»yzZŠZg}Africa Collective Consultation

(Nairobi, Kenya, 21-23 January 2004, hosted by CARE Canada

and Norwegian Church Aid): Catherine Arnesen, Norwegian Refugee

Council, Liberia; Jean-Marie Mukoka Betukameso, Service Centrale

Education à la Vie/UNFPA, DRC; Mudiappasamy Devadoss, Ph.D.,

UNESCO PEER, Kenya; Mike Foley, Jesuit Refugee Services, Sudan;

Martha Hewison,Windle Trust International/Hugh Pilkington Charitable

Trust, Uganda; Vick Shiverenje Ikobwa, UNHCR Kenya; Joyce Ishengoma,

CARE Tanzania; Davidson Oboyah Jonah, Christian

Children’s Fund Sierra Leone; Celestin Kamori Banga, Norwegian Refugee

Council DRC; M.R. Warue Kariuki (OC), Save the Children UK, Kenya;

Thomas Ngolo Katta, Center for the Coordination of Youth Activities, Sierra

Leone; Levi Khamis, Norwegian Church Aid; Yoboue N’da Kouassi,

Ministry of Education, Cote d’Ivoire; Nderikyo Elizabeth Ligate, Southern

Africa Extension Unit, Tanzania; Elena Locatelli, AVSI (Associazione

Volontari Servizio Internazionale) Northern Uganda; Gilbert Sanya

Lukhoba,Windle Trust Kenya; Changu Mannathoko (OC),

UNICEF, Southern and Eastern Africa (Africa Organising Committee

159 vY]

member);Walter Matoke, Consultant; Clement Mhlanga, Save the Children

UK, Zimbabwe; Carlinda Maria Rodrigues Monteiro, Christian Children’s

Fund Angola; Neema Ndayishimiye, Ministry for National

Education, Burundi; Marangu Njogu, CARE Kenya; Mima Perisic, UNICEF

Sudan; Jolly Rubagiza, Kigali Institute of Education; Ibrahim Mohamed

Said, Ministry of Education, Somaliland; Seny Sylla, Ministry of

Education, Guinea; Christiana Thorpe, Forum for African Women

Educationalists, Sierra Leone; David Walker (OC), International Rescue

Committee Sierra Leone; Joyce Wanican, International Rescue Committee

Uganda; John Yuggu Tileyi, Catholic Relief Services Sudan; Kassaye

Yimer, CARE Ethiopia

INEE Working Group and Steering Group representatives:

Allison Anderson, INEE; Pamela Baxter, UNHCR; Helge Brochmann,

Norwegian Refugee Council; Tim Brown, Refugee Education Trust;

Christine Carneal, Catholic Relief Services; Nancy Drost*, CARE Canada;

Beverly Roberts, INEE; Birgit H. Villumstad*, Norwegian Church Aid

Z¨ZzgdZÃIÆù¦xzgCZg»yzZŠZg}Asia and Pacific Collective Consultation

(Kathmandu, Nepal, 21-23 April 2004, hosted by the

International Save the Children Alliance): Emmanuelle Abrioux (OC)*, Save

the Children, Nepal; Feny de los Angeles-Bautista, Community of Learners

Foundation and Philippine Children’s Television Foundation; Steve Aswin,

UNICEF Indonesia; Ranjinie Chandrika Jayewardene,

Commonwealth Education Fund, Sri Lanka; Helina Alia Dost, International

160 vY]

Rescue Committee Pakistan; Uaiporn Daodueanchai, Consortium Thailand

(World Education and World Learning);

Seema Gaikwad, Sphere India; Abdul Ghaffar, Save the Children USA,

Pakistan; Dr. Abdul Samad Ghafoori, UNICEF Afghanistan; Roza Gul,

Ockenden International, Pakistan; Mir Abdul Malik Hashemi, GTZ BEFARe

(Basic Education For Afghan Refugees), Pakistan; Ung Ngo Hok, Ministry

of Education, Youth and Sport, Cambodia; A.Z.M. Sakhawat Hossain,

BRAC Education Program, Government of Bangladesh Partnership Unit;

Teresita G. Inciong, Department of Education, Government of the

Philippines; Shakir Ishaq, BEFARe, Pakistan; Ingrid Iversen, International

Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) UNESCO; Umesh Kumar

Kattel,World Health Organisation, Nepal; Laxman Khanal, Department of

Education, Government of Nepal; Chirharu Kondu, UNICEF Nepal;

Samphre Llalungpa, UNICEF Nepal; Udaya Manandhar, Save the Children

USA, Nepal; Rachel McKinney (OC), International Rescue Committee

Afghanistan; N. Vinod Chandra Menon (OC), UNICEF India; Geeta S.

Menon, CARE India; Abdul Azis Muslim, Non Violence International and

Aceh Peace Education Program; Janardhan Nepal, Department of

Education, Government of Nepal; Patricia Omidian, Quaker Service,

Afghanistan;W. Sterling Perera, Education Consultant, Sri Lanka; Anna

Pinto, CORE (Centre for Organisation Research and Education), India;

Loknath Pokhrel, CARITAS Nepal; N.M. Prusty, Sphere India and CARE

India; Alexandra Pura, Oxfam Great Britain, Philippines Office; Kasturi

Sengupta, Catholic Relief Services, India; Helen Sherpa,World Education,

Nepal; Anil Sharma, Department of Education,

161 vY]

Government of Nepal; Sanjay Singh, Catholic Relief Services, India;

Deepesh Sinha, Disaster Mitigation Institute, Gujarat, India; Sarah Smith,

Concern Bangladesh; Marc van der Stouwe, ZOA Refugee Care, Thailand;

Dr. Sudiono, Ministry of Education, Indonesia; Anne Thomas,

Education and Community Development Consultant, Cambodia; Leela Raj

Upadhyay,World Food Program, Nepal

INEE Working Group representatives:

Allison Anderson, INEE; Helge Brochmann, Norwegian

Refugee Council; Christine Knudsen, Save the Children US*; Fred Ligon,

Consortium Thailand (World Education and World Learning); Susan

Nicolai*, Save the Children UK; Michael Pozniak,

Catholic Relief Services; Carl Triplehorn, Save the Children US*

ÑHZ%MZzgbZ],¾[Z:Æù¦xzgCZg»yzZŠZg}Latin America and Caribbean Collective Consultation

(Panama City, Panama 5-7 May 2004,

hosted by UNICEF): Fernando Jiovani Arias Morales, Fundación Dos

Mundos, Colombia; Luis Yezid Beltran Bautista, Project Counseling

Service, Colombia; Carmen Liliana Bieberach, Fundación para la Igualdad

de Oportunidades, Panama; Roy Bowen, UNICEF Belize; Juan Pablo

Bustamante, UNICEF Ecuador; Claudia Beatriz Cárdenas Becerra, SPM

Latinoamérica Consultores S.A Estrategia Internacional; Claudia Ernestina

Carrillo Ramírez, Comité de Familiares de Víctimas del "Caracazo" febrero

de 1989, Venezuela; Milton Xavier Castellanos

Mosquera, ICRC, Panama; Joseph Marc Cesar, Ministry of Education and

162 vY]

Culture, Haiti; Renee Cuijpers, UNHCR Panama; Iris Isalia Currillo de

Reyes, Ministry of Education, El Salvador; Victoria Ginja,World Food

Programme, Panama; Diego Vidal Gutiérrez Santos, Ministry of

Education, Government of Panama; Nirvah Jean-Jacques (OC), The Haitian

Foundation for Private Education (FONHEP), Haiti; Francis Joseph,

Christian Children's Fund, Dominica and St Vincent; Gustave Joseph,

Ministry of Education and Culture, Haiti; Reyes Jiménez, SINAPROC,

Panama; Martha Llanos, PhD; Education and Human Development

Specialist; Garren Lumpkin (OC)*, UNICEF TACRO, Panama; Gladys

Maria Minaya Urena, Ministry of Education, Dominican

Republic; Marina Rocío Mojica Carvajal, Save the Children UK, Colombia;

Maria Paz Bermeja, UNHCR SURGE, Panama; Richard Pelczar,

UNESCO; Gerardo Perez Holguin (OC), CEDEDISCorporation

for Community Development and Social Integration, Colombia; Nidya

Quiroz (OC)*, UNICEF-TACRO Consuelo Ramirez, Secretaria de

Educacion Publica, Mexico; Flor Alba Romero Medina, Universidad

Nacional de Colombia; Raisa Ruiz, UNICEF Panama; Unai Sacona

Benegas, UNICEF Dominican Republic; Anyoli Sanabria Lopez, UNICEF

Nicaragua; José Alejandro Santander Narvaez, Organización

Panamericana de la Salud, Ecuador; Yasuhiro Taniguchi, UN OCHA,

Panama; David Martin Villarroel García (OC), Save The Children Alliance,

Bolivia; Miloody Phaine Vincent, Ministry of Education and Culture, Haiti;

Sofia Westberg, UNICEF Peru

INEE Working Group representatives:

Allison Anderson, INEE; Marina Lopez Anselme, Refugee

163 vY]

Education Trust; Rebecca Winthrop, IRC

ætzVÔÑàZÛiZzg-gz\Æù¦xzgCZg»yzZŠZg}Middle East, North Africa and Europe Collective Consultation

(Amman, Jordan, 19-21 May

2004, co-hosted by UNESCO and UNHCR): Nader Anton Abu Amsha,

East Jerusalem YMCA Rehabilitation Program and YMCA Beit-Sahour;

Ziad Abu Laban, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC),

Jerusalem; Pushpa Acharya,World Food Programme, Middle East, Central

Asia and Eastern Europe, Egypt; Inna Kimaevna Airapetyan, CARE North

Caucasus, Chechnya; Fayez Ahmad Al-Fasfous, Early Childhood

Resource Centre,West Bank; Steven Anderson, ICRC,

Jerusalem; Staneala M. Beckley (OC), UNICEF Middle East and North

Africa Region, Jordan; Khoudja Beldjilali, Ministry of Education, Algeria;

Leila Boumghar, Ministry of Education, Algeria; Yaser Mohamed Daoud,

Nabaa Lebanon; Veronique Ehlen, UNHCR Jordan; Malika Elatifi, Save

the Children, Morocco; Holly Hughson, University of California at Berkeley;

Shaikh Kabiroddin, UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in

the Far East (UNRWA); Doris Knoechel (OC),World Vision International;

Zahra Mirghani (OC)*, UNHCR, Lebanon; Dr. Ahmed Mirza

Mirza, Saladhaddin University, Iraq; Robert Mizzi (OC), Kosovo Educator

Development Project; Issa Nassar, Ministry of Education, Government of

Jordan; Robert Parua (OC)*, UNESCO Jordan; Jacqueline Peters, UNICEF

Jordan; Amela Piric, Organisation for Security & Cooperation in

Europe, Sarajevo; Shao Potung, UNICEF Occupied Palestinian Territory;

164 vY]

Basri A.S. Salmoodi, Ministry of Education and Higher Education,

Palestinian Authority; Kabir Shaikh, UNRWA, Jordan; Adina Shapiro,

Middle East Children’s Association, Israel; Aferdita Spahiu, UNICEF

Kosovo; Martine Storti, Ministry of Education, France; Mohammed

Tarakhan, UNRWA, Jordan; Geeta Verma, UNICEF Jordan; Jamie

Williams (OC), Save the Children UK, Egypt; Isuf Zeneli, Ministry of

Education, Science and Technology, Kosovo INEE Working Group on

Minimum Standards and Steering Group representatives: Allison

Anderson, INEE; Eldrid Midttun, NRC; Susan Nicolai, Save the Children

UK; Beverly Roberts, INEE; Christopher Talbot*, UNESCO IIEP; Nemia

Temporal*, UNHCR

û{œª»gPeer Review Facilitator: Joan Sullivan-Owomoyela

û{z‹c*CPeer Review Analysis Consultant: Margaret Sinclair

Àò£gZ]6,©gMinimum Standards Intern: Christine Pagen

INEE gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Academy for

Educational Development and the Global Learning Portal in the peer review

process.

û{ógPeer Reviewers:

165 vY]

Chris Berry, UK Department for International Development (DFID); Lynne

Bethke, InterWorks; Marilyn Blaeser, CARE; Beverlee Bruce, Social

Science Research Council; Peter Buckland,World Bank; Dana Burde,

Columbia University; Jim DiFrancesca, Harvard University; Eric Eversman,

Consultant; Jan Field, UNHCR; Sarah Dryden Peterson, Harvard

University/Makerere University; Jason Hart, Oxford; Martha

Hewison,Windle Trust; Dorothy Jobolingo, International Rescue Committee

Uganda; Alison Joyner, Sphere; Ellen Van Kalmthout,

UNICEF; Jackie Kirk, McGill University; Jane Lowicki, International Rescue

Committee; Gilberto Mendez, Christian Children’s Fund (CCF); Eldrid

Midttun, NRC; Micheal Montgomery, CIDA; Claus Nelson, Red Barnet;

John Rhodes Paige, St. Edwards; Delia Rarela-Barcelona, UNFPA;

Margaret Sinclair, Consultant; Marc Sommers, Consultant; Martine Storti,

Ministry of Education, France; Carl Triplehorn, Save the Children US;

Julian Watson, Consultant; Michael Wessells, CCF

and Randolf Macon; Jim Williams, George Washington University; Sharon

Wright, CARE Sudan Basic Education Program/University of

Massachusetts; and all WGMSEE members.

ë©2.ç EGJ6,zÆpÆZgZWÅgÉðÆa¹]¦/ZgZzgSàX îg6,Ny

INEE’s WGMSEE is also grateful for the guidance of the Sphere Project

166 vY]

staff, with special thanks to Nan Buzard and Alison Joyner.

Zi+ñgÉÂ:e-ezÔHandbook Editor: David Wilson

»ZŠZg{Zn»gí~;BJäzZßV~CÙZkÛŠc*ZŠZg}» INEE ik,ÃÂ^~Šg`˜VZkZ% INEE ’góZ‹ZsZzg]tZŠZ™@*ì2Vä£òîg6,xzgC¿~z1z;V

ÆjZáÐZ[ZœZ[ MSEE »ÌZ‹Zs™@*ìZkÆzVÅz„}.â]ZzgñßwƒñZyÆ**ñVÆZ°ZŠzÑgM®ZŠ~ƒäÆ!*)ÛŠUÛŠUZyÆ**xÆZÖg

ÐiZZ+,]Šg»gƒVÐX(ÅºÅzzÐZk¿ÅŠe7X@*ë 20 ÆaMSEE-CD-ROM Åzd$‚V$6,Óxçz2Åz„Šø7[ìXZkÆ´z{ INEE

~Zkz„ÃŠ¬YYìXzd$‚V$»**xŠg`fsìhttp://www.ineesite.org/standards/msee.asp,

MðZ+Z~Z~ÆÀò£gZ]8àÃgx

Óxñß!MgZYÃÀò£gZ]ÆjZáÐMðZ+Z~Z~ÆãCŠ~ÃÆ‚BÃb6,ôpg3YñÇZzgw~zd$ÅãCŠ6,ÃU*ãÆaZy»Y,{1YñÇX2w~ÃU*ã»8ÆZi+c»ÌY,{1YñÇX

____________________________________________________________________ **x:X

167 vY]

_________________________________________________________ 5i#Ö»Ç{ZzgZŠZg{:X____________________________________________________________________ Ø:X______________________________________________________________ ¯y&Z~é:X

___________________________________________________________________ @*gõ:XqgzfsÎZÑ]ÆZ[Šïz‰Ü$!*ãÛâ™ZyJ-özŠgZzg˜VJ-eƒZKzm,Æ:©ZzgjZ!Y]ÅãCŠ6,o]ÛZë™,X

Àò£gZ]6,MðZ+Z~Z~ÆÂaÆË{6,HM\ZKÃðMgZYZzg8àgnp? -1

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

HZ,ZágZ]X»Y™äÅ¢zg]ƒ? -2

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HÃð5¥â]ÎgÉâF~Šg`HY**ec? -3

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HZ,ZŸ°ZbZñ»gÎ;Y]c*jZ!Y]zâ~.Z]Çà~áïHY**ec? -4_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

: $!*ãÛâ™tÃgxÀò£gZ]6,‡ìMðZ+Z~Z~Æ%œ/~çÃZg‚w™,(+1212) 5513107 ¯y: 10168-1289 Ec*guZ+zZñ 7f$ 42 ZÆ 122 ZÍZhgÍcÄZÚDg$h½3ð GGw

[email protected] Z~é:MðZ+Z~Z~c*Àò£gZ]Æ§i»gÐ0'×h+¥â]Æa$!*ãÛâ™qgzfszd$‚V$5±™,X

http://www.ineesite.org

168 vY]

169 vY]

WðZ+Z~Z~uòßg‹qwÔ™dZyZzg¯g~yâÆaÀò(£gZ]

uòßg‹qw~½Æa‡ìZÚZà,Mzguä¬@Àò£gZ]ÅF,¹~Zq-Z•ðZëxzgCZzgzWZÅ545é EEGŠ§i»gÃÛzrŠc*ìuòßg‹qwÔ™dZyZzgg~yâÆ%µ~(£gZzgg‚ð»Zq-Àò£gÛZë™@*ìX

uòßg‹qw~Àò(£gZ]Zq-gxÂ[ZzgSkÇÆZŒÛZg6,ŒìÓxZKâVXXXaÔâZyZzg!*ÚZÛZŠÃuòßg‹qw~½»hqÝƒÇXSk~©2.ç

EGJ6,zÆSyãCŠ~

Ãc*]»ZÖgƒ@*ìŠgCWÃ]Zzg£ŠxÐaZƒäzZáZKãrT$Ã»™äÆaÓxÂZŠZâ]ZVäecX

Y½ƒÆaÔZzg©2.ç EGJ6,zÆ 2000 Àò£gZ]ÅãCŠ£t+Bºé EFyÆ.šÔeZ»gZ@ZsZKyŠz„egR,6,g¿ˆìXSy£gZ]ÃZKyŠz„ZŠZgzVÔÓáVZzg£òW!*Š-VÅZ¦ZŠ»gÃÛzrŠ¶ZzgF,mIwÆîg6,ZEw™**ƒ@*ì@*QyÅ(çz-$ÅZW,5+k,~Zzg£gÃ4¯c*YnZzgSk§bdZyÐOW,{ßÍVÅi0+7V~Zq-zZãÛtÑc*YnXtZKyŠz„¬~õd/õEZzg&4jè FGIEÍðÅ&¢AÃÛzrŠ¶~ÌæŠÇgU*"$ƒVÐZzgÑ»YÆ´z{(©xÆâÎ¬zyzZ·ZuÃ4¯NÐX

D:INEE Urdu VersionFront-Back...

Documents

Transcript of D:INEE Urdu VersionFront-Back...