Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster –...

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Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure • Lines – contour map • Raster – altitude matrix • Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network • Vector – TRN/Triangular regular network

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Transcript of Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster –...

Page 1: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

DEM data structure

• Lines – contour map

• Raster – altitude matrix

• Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network

• Vector – TRN/Triangular regular network

Page 2: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Page 3: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.
Page 4: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.
Page 5: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.
Page 6: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Page 7: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Continuous fields – TIN(Triangular irregular network)

Page 8: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.
Page 9: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.
Page 10: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Continuous fields – TIN(Triangular irregular network)

Page 11: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

TRN – Tringular regular network

• fast, scale-independent DEM

Page 12: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

DEM structure advantages/disadvantages

LINES

• ”Hydrologically” correct, best representation, dynamic and flexible

• Limited analyse possibility

• Limited visualisation

Page 13: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

DEM structure advantages/disadvantages

Altitude matrix

• Easy analyses and modelling

• Redundancy

• Rigid data structure, resolution

• Limited adaption to topographic structures

Page 14: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

DEM structure advantages/disadvantages

TIN

• Complicated data structure

• Limited analyse possibility

• Very good terrain representation

• Good for visualisation, resolution independant

Page 15: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Page 16: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

DEM generation and assessment

• Sampling – data source

• Interpolation

• Quality assessment

• Visualisation

Page 17: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Sampling - points

Page 18: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Sampling

Page 19: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

Data sources

• Single points – spread (geodesy, photogrammetry)

• Single points – regular (direct measurements by plane or satellite (LIDAR), digital photogrammetry)

• Contours

• Aim: Interpolate points in a regular grid or corner points of triangles INTERPOLATION

Page 20: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses –DEM principles

DEM generation and assessment

• Sampling

• Interpolation

• Quality assessment

• Visualisation

Page 21: Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles DEM data structure Lines – contour map Raster – altitude matrix Vector – TIN/Triangular irregular network Vector.

Digital terrain analyses – DEM principles

TIN IDW

Thin plate spline TOPOGRID

Surf.tps (GRASS)

Courtesy Graeme Aggett 2001

Interpolation


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