Digital System Design ELEC3342
Transcript of Digital System Design ELEC3342
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Digital System Design
ELEC3342
Dr. Hayden Kwok-Hay So
Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering
Introduction
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What ELEC3342 is about?
ELEC3342 - HS 2
Digital System Design
Digital, not analog
Large, complex, with many
connecting components
Making engineering tradeoff;
Make it beautiful!
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ELEC3342 - HS 3
A digital system is an electronic system that
operates based on the digital abstraction.
… As opposed to an analog system…
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ELEC3342 - HS 4
Digital Discrete Values
Analog Continuous Values
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ELEC3342 - HS 5
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n Quantities in the physical world occur mostly as continuous analog values:• Temperature, force, mass, speed
n Basic electronic circuit elements also based on continuous analog values:• Voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductor,
frequency of oscillators…
n Building systems that operates with an analog system is somewhat natural…
ELEC3342 - HS 6
In the beginning… All Analog
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Analog Systemsn An analog electronic system processes signals
with continuous values
n Usually processes in continuous time as well• Some sub-systems work with continuous values in
discrete time
n The exact value of the signal matters
n No approximation needed
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but very challenging…
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Analog Systems - Challengesn Since exact value of a signal is needed,
any degradation of signal will be reflected at the output.
Examples:
n Interference, sometimes called noise, from outside the system:• Radio frequency interference (RFI)
n Noise within the system:• Electric component’s behavior changes due to
temperature change
• Thermo noise in circuits
n Non-ideal electronic components• A resistor’s true value is never what it is
designed
• Degradation of components over time
ELEC3342 - HS 8
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Analog Systems – Challengesn Very difficult to store any exact value, in
continuous time
n Difficult to process signals based on previous values• Echo cancellation
• Reverb
n Difficult to transport signals because signals degrades over any medium of transfer, especially in long distances• Old TV systems suffer from “ghost images”
• Radio station not received well…
n Note: it is difficult, not impossible in above
ELEC3342 - HS 9
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Digital Systemsn A digital electronic system processes signals with
discrete values in discrete time
n The exact values of the input signal at discrete point in time are quantized into discrete values• e.g. all values are stored as integers only
• 24.5990010101 °C à 25 °C
• The process of obtaining data at discrete time or space is called sampling.
n The continuous values of the input signals represented by a series of finite number of discrete values.
n Signal processing engineers call this sequence of values … a Signal
ELEC3342 - HS 10
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Digital Systems – Pros n Discrete values are easy to store, transport
• No degradation over time & space
n Easy to process “back-in-time”• Knowing the past make predicting the future a lot
easier
n Enable very powerful and complicated processing of input• e.g. complex logic, encryption, compression, etc
n Immune to a lot more interferences from inside and outside of the system than an analog system• E.g. RFI, circuit noise, non-idealistic circuits and
degradation over time• Note: you can still interfere a digital system with
enough power
ELEC3342 - HS 11
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Digital Systems – Cons
n The actual value of the physical phenomenon
is lost
• Garbage in garbage out
n Relatively slower than analog systems in
standard circuit implementations
• Competing with speed-of-light in analog systems
• Recall electricity is an effect of electro-magnetic
wave, which travels at speed of light.
n Loss of information between sampled data?
ELEC3342 - HS 12
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Digital Processing Systems
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Process OutputInputPhysical
World
Physical
World
Analog
Systems
Digital
Systems ADC DAC
3, 5, 6, 7… 7.2, 6.1, 4.8, 3.14…
Analog to Digital Converter Digital to Analog Converter
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ELEC3342 - HS 14
time
data
valu
es
continuous discrete
continuous
dis
cre
te
Electronic
circuitsSample-and-hold
circuits in ADCs
Combinational
Logic
Sequential
Logic
ELEC3342
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(Binary) Digital Abstractionn Abstract all signals as TWO discrete values
• Usually denoted TRUE, FALSE, high, low, ‘1’, ‘0’• We use TRUE, high, ‘1’ synonymously
n The value TRUE does not necessarily correspond to a high physical voltage• We can define TRUE anyway we want as long as it
does not overlap with that of FALSE
• More in later lectures…
n Binary system can be effectively analyzed with Boolean algebra• Allows easy logic manipulation in the system• Provides a mathematical basis for modeling the
behavior of the system
ELEC3342 - HS 15
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ELEC3342 - HS 16
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ELEC3342 Administrivia
ELEC3342 - HS 17
Dr. Hayden SoInstructors
TA Mr. Yizhao GAO
Lectures
http://www.eee.hku.hk/~elec3342
Mo 12:30-2:20pm MB167
Th 12:30-1:20pm MB167
TutorialsNo Scheduled time. But will arrange
additional office hours for homework
Web
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Special Pandemic Arrangementn Primarily face-to-face lectures
n Video of lectures recorded and posted online after lecture• Don’t come to lecture if you are
sick
• Don’t worry if you are still stuck outside HK
n Project requires access to hardware (for hw groups)
n Project can be completed with only simulations (if cannot arrive in HK)
ELEC3342 - HS 18
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Textbook
n Reading materials will be drawn from the
following textbook:
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“Digital Design and Computer Architecture”
David Harris Sarah Harris
2nd Edition; Morgan Kaufmann (2012)
ISBN-13: 9780123944245
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Assessments
Homework 30% • 3 homework assignments
Project 40% • Multi-part projects
• Project report
• Presentation/Demonstration
Exam 30% Cumulative of entire semester
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Learning Outcome
n Understand the principles and methodologies
of digital logic design at register-transfer level
n Formulate high-level specification of a digital
system and synthesize the specification into a
digital logic network
n Develop a relatively large and complex digital system with modern computer-aided design
(CAD) tools
ELEC3342 - HS 21
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focu
s o
f th
is c
ou
rse
programs
device drivers
instructions
registers
datapaths
controllers
adders
memories
AND gates
NOT gates
amplifiers
filters
transistors
diodes
electrons
Agenda of ELEC3342
n Signals in digital systems
n Combinational logic design
n Sequential logic design
n VHDL
n Finite State Machine design
n Memory
n Arithmetic circuits
n Input/Output
n High-speed design
n Power and clock signal design
n FPGA and its applications
ELEC3342 - HS 22
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Morse Code Decoder
n Implemented using VHDL
n Design & test in software
n Run on real hardware
n Group project from 1-4
person (more details later)
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Your
Design
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Hardware
n Digilent Basys3
• Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA (XC7A35T-
1CPG236C)
n Board be distributed on demand
(only if you have had good
progress in previous parts)
n 1 board per group
n Return board in good working
condition toward the end of
semester
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Microphone input
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Software
n Xilinx Vivado Design Suite
• Industrial software for Xilinx FPGA
n Download and install free version
• Xilinx calls it “Webpack version”
• Runs on Windows and Linux
n (Use VirtualBox + Linux on OSX)
ELEC3342 - HS 25
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In Conclusion…
n Digital systems process and transmit values
based on the digital abstraction.
n Operating on discrete values facilitate
building and analyzing very complex systems
n All modern digital systems operate on binary
values
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