Digital Rights Management with XML Eamonn Neylon Technology Director The YRM Group.
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Transcript of Digital Rights Management with XML Eamonn Neylon Technology Director The YRM Group.
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Digital Rights Management with XML
Eamonn NeylonTechnology Director
The YRM Group
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Information Commerce
"In the digital world all transactions are rights transactions"
Sally Morris, ALPSP
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DRM Definitions Trusted exchange of digital content The management of digital rights and
the digital management of rights Protection of content to ensure that only
allowed operation will be performed The latest investment craze of venture
capitalists with money to burn in the States
A Pandora’s Box with fundamental consequences for the future of mankind
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Types of rights Statutory – those rights provided by
legislation such as fair use and moral rights
Contractual – ensure that content is used within the limits established by the licensor
Permissions – extending usage beyond that conferred by right of sale or license for a one time use such as copying
Subrights – a portion of a copyright that is sold outright and transferred such as a translation or territorial exploitation
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Negotiating Permissions Need to express both bibliographic
metadata and available rights metadata Context of use is usually a factor in
determining price and rights determined by the rightsholder
A particular type of license is constructed as the result of a permissions transaction
Distribution of monies collected makes transactions expensive to process (this role is often assumed by RROs using mandates)
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Expressing granted rights Vocabulary for specifying what is being
bought or licensed Selling confers statutory rights whereas
licensing allows the explicit specification of what a user can do with content exchanged
It is necessary to uniquely identify the parties involved in a transaction and the content that is being licensed
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Rights languages ContentGuard’s XrML available licensable
specification for XML based on work conducted at Xerox PARC
Assumes that all rights are unified under publisher – only occurs at point of creation
Can a vocabulary be protected by license – implications for all XML applications
Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) proposed by IPR Systems to W3C - workshop in January 2001 with an aim for recommendation
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Consumer
Protectedcontent
Rights &
Conditions
Prices &
Business models
Author / Artist
Originalcontent
Create Package & Protect SellView / Play
Digital Rights Management using
eTailer / Clearinghouse
Protectedcontent
Rights &Conditions
Publisher
Protectedcontent
Rights &Conditions
Prices &Business models
ClearRights &
PermissionsDistributeAggregate
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Comparing XrML and ODRL Both are concerned with usage rights rather
than access rights They have very different governance models
– XrML is licensed intellectual property; ODRL seeks to be an open development
They have different levels of maturity – XrML is the result of many years development by Mark Steffik and now Xin Wang; ODRL is a proposal to W3C to be considered
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XrML Example – EBX Voucher
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE XrML SYSTEM "ebx10-xrml.dtd">
<XrML>
<BODY type = "EBX" version="1.0">
<ISSUED>2000-06-07T8:30</ISSUED>
<TIME><FROM>2000-06-07T8:30</FROM><UNTIL>2001-06-07T8:30</UNTIL></TIME>
<DESCRIPTOR parentID="4d79ff1:e190afe163:-8000:df06d62">
<OBJECT type="EBX 1.0 Rights">
<ID type="CG-XrML-ID">1234-5678-ABCD-EFGH</ID>
<NAME>Usage Rights from Publisher XYZ</NAME>
<ADDRESS type="url">"http://rights.contentguard.com/1234-5678-ABCD-EFGH"</ADDRESS>
</OBJECT>
</DESCRIPTOR>
<ISSUER><OBJECT type="Publisher"><ID type="CG-Principal-ID">ABCD-1234</ID><NAME>XYZ</NAME></OBJECT>
<PUBLICKEY><ALGORITHM>DSA</ALGORITHM><PARAMETER name="Key Size"><VALUE encoding="integer32">512</VALUE></PARAMETER>
<PARAMETER name="first modulus"><VALUE encoding="base64" size="512">6eP+IDQFwjIz5XSFBV+NBF0eN ... </VALUE></PARAMETER>
<PARAMETER name="power"><VALUE encoding="base64" size="512">uuBciQnJ4xGaqRZ5AYoWRQ== ... </VALUE>
</PARAMETER>
<PARAMETER name="generator">
<VALUE encoding="base64" size="512">NdxoJ6mcIIAQVe6Droj2fxA= ... </VALUE></PARAMETER></PUBLICKEY>
</ISSUER>
<ISSUEDPRINCIPALS><PRINCIPAL><OBJECT type="Person"><ID type="licensed user">92840-AA9-39849-00</ID><NAME>John Doe</NAME></OBJECT>
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ODRL Example – EBX Voucher
<?xml version=“1.0”?>
<ebx:voucher xmlns:ebx=“http://ebxwg.org/voucher/0.8/” xmlns=“http://odrl.net/0.7/” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”
xmlns:onix=“http://www.editeur.org/onix-i/Ref-Names/”>
<rights>
<admin><remark> Info about the Voucher </remark><datetime start=“2000-06-07” end=“2001-06-07”/></admin>
<asset ID=“Ebook-0001”><remark> The product ID info </remark><uid idscheme=“ISBN”> 0201433354 </uid><name> XML: A Managers Guide </name></asset>
<reward ID=“RH-PUB-1”>
<remark> The Rights Holders info </remark>
<party><uid idscheme=“URL”> http://www.awl.com/ </uid><name> Addison-Wesley </name><role> Publisher </role></party>
<reward>
<usage ID=“US-DIST-1”>
<remark> Usage Rights for the Distributor </remark>
<asset xlink:href=“#Ebook-0001”>
<reward xlink:href=“#RH-DIST-1”>
<sell><constraint> <count start=“0” end =“5000”/> </constraint><narrow/></sell>
<constraint>
<remark> The Distributor has Sell rights only </remark>
<group><uid idscheme=“CG-ID”> ABDC-1234 </uid><name> XYZ </name></group>
</usage>
<usage ID=“EU-00001”>
<remark> Usage Rights for a typical End User</remark>
<asset xlink:href=“#Ebook-0001”>
<reward xlink:href=“#RH-DIST-1”>
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Metadata approach Metadata is information about things – in the
case of rights the metadata describes the resource being considered
Metadata provides a consistent view to serve a particular purpose requiring multiple representations of intuitive models
There is much research into good metadata formulation such as the indecs framework project
Standards groups developing metadata schema include MPEG, SDMI and Dublin Core
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Need to identify components Unique identifiers required to track and
authenticate resources, parties and transactions
Identifying personas is needed to establish contexts and allow non-repudiation
Identifiers can operate at different levels of abstraction such as the work, the expression, the format or the instance
Digital Object Identifier accommodates other identification standards and is consistently actionable
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Technical implementations Digital watermarking allows open distribution
but requires legal measures to enforce copyright
Access controls achieved through user authentication requiring trust which can be established using digital certificates
Usage control through content wrappers – outside-in and inside-out protection solutions
Superdistribution, the packaging of content for sharing, requires the dynamic negotiation of rights
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Is there a forum for describing consumer de facto rights ? Legislation and common practice
determines what statuatory rights consumers have
Digital Millennium Copyright Act outlaws circumventing copy protection mechanisms
Exceptions include access for fair use, and research into cryptography
Access controls and first sale doctrine – is this applicable to digital works
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Conclusions The detailed management of rights are
currently not a priority for publishers A substantial industry is growing around the
protection and transaction of media assets The traditional publishing industry will
embrace digital rights management when the publishers business models are supported
Eventually rights management will become part of the operating system as with television broadcast systems
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The YRM Group
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01865 338011