Digital Mobile Radio - Radio Activity Srl DMR.pdf · Digital Mobile Radio ... The up-link has 5 to...
Transcript of Digital Mobile Radio - Radio Activity Srl DMR.pdf · Digital Mobile Radio ... The up-link has 5 to...
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Via Ponte Nuovo, 8 - 20128 Milano — Italy
Tel. +39.02.36514205 - FAX/Voicebox +39.1782242408
[email protected] - www.radioactivity-tlc.com
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
DMR: an open ETSI standardDMR: an open ETSI standard
∞ DMR standard (ETSI TS 102 361) has been definedin ETSI environment, by a working group composed bymain PMR equipment manifacturers worldwide.
∞ Digital Mobile Radio is able to give “added value” tocurrent analog systems and at the same time it grants a gradual migration between the two technologies, safeguarding investiments and specific existingoperational requirements.
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
The The digitaldigital radioradio
Data signals are directly
transmitted and otherwise“marked” by audio signals
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
The radioThe radioThe radio
A/D
data
audio
Vocoder
Syncprotocol
DigitalTX
CH1
CH2
CH1
CH2
CH1
CH2
CH1
CH2
Tempo
I/O data
Digitizedaudio
Compressed audio
Audio signal is is converted to
digital format, compressed and then "packed" in the digital
transmission channel
The digital transmitter is activatedduring the timeslots allocated to
the working channel
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
TwoTwo TDMA TDMA channelschannels in 12,5 kHz in 12,5 kHz bandwidthbandwidth
CH1
CH2
CH1
CH2
CH1
CH2
CH1
CH2
Group 1 Group 2
Time
CH2
Frequency
CH1
7.5KHz
CH4
CH3
7.5KHz
12.5KHz
Audio/data channels are managed by two timeslots sequences,
working in TDMA mode (Time Division Multiple Access), sharing
the same radio channel with 12,5KHz bandwidth.
The two audio/data channel are
perfectly separated and indipendenteach other, as if they were operating
in a conventional manner on different frequency carriers.
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
Two contemporaryand indipendent
communications on the same frequency
carrier
30ms
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
CH2
Frequency
CH1
7.5KHz
CH3
7.5KHz
12.5KHzDMR system can coexist with
conventional analogical systems on adjacent channels, without any
performance loss of each of systems.
Spectral efficiency of DMR system
is 1CH/6.25 KHz, the same as TETRA and double compared to
conventional systems.
Note: DMR system allows direct communication between mobile
terminals. In this case only 1 channel in 12.5KHz is available because the repeater/network synchronization is missing.
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
Two TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidthTwo TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidth
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Just one radio device (only 1 TX) provides 2 channels without any RF coupling system, this giving:
∞Lower plant costs
∞Lower consumption∞Greater available power
TX CH1
TX CH2+
TX CH1+CH2
2 conventional channels
2 DMR channels
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
Group 1
Group 2
Group 2Group 1
freq 2
freq 1
TS 1 TS 2
Samefrequency
∞ The mobile terminals are
active only for the 50% of time => longer battery life
∞ No intermodulation problems
TwoTwo TDMA TDMA channelschannels in 12,5 kHz in 12,5 kHz bandwidthbandwidth
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
DigitalDigital modulationmodulation
Impulse shape vs. time
∞ The employed digital modulation is 4FSK (Four-level Frequency Shift Key), the best for PMR communications.∞ Information bits are transmitted in pairs, each pair assigned toa frequency shift.∞ Transitions between a status and the following one (that is between a pair of bits and the following) are continue and “smoothed” by a filter which reduces high frequency components.∞ The shape filter is a “Raised Cosine” function.
4FSK4FSK4FSK
Frequency
Central frequency(not transmitted)
00 01
+1,944 kHz
+0,648 kHz
1011
-1,944 kHz
4FSK
4− 2− 0 2 40.5−
0
0.5
1
1.5
1.096
0.216−
ggk
sinx_xxk
3.8754−ttk
1
T.s
⋅
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
7K60FXE
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
ConstantConstant envelopeenvelope modulationmodulation
Time
∞ Frequency modulation has constant envelope (unlike the TETRA wich do not have a constant envelope)∞ Transmitters are very similar to their traditional analogical version, because expensive linearization techniques are not needed: they can work in saturation (clipping) mode (C class o superior)with very low consumption => solar panels can be used∞ Modulator must have a flat band between 0 and 5KHz
RF signal
Tempo
FM modulating signal
FM modulator“flat” 0-5KHz
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
Modulator is transparent
for audio signals and digital signals
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Uplink Uplink –– downlink RF budgetdownlink RF budget
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
Industrial noise
Base station
About 3..+10 dB sensitivity decrease
Radiated Power+30..+37 dBm
Radiated Power+40..+43 dBm
The up-link has 5 to 15 dB less budget than the down-link: the mobiles have more difficult into the network access
Strong signals from broadcast/GSM stations
The diversity reception can increase the uplink RF budget
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Soft diversity receptionSoft diversity reception
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
I
Q
A1
A2
Vectorial sum
I
Q
A1
A2
Vectorial digitalri-phased sum
The two received vector signals can be combined by an antenna to obtain the vectorial sum.
By digital ri-phasing, it is possible to achieve the modulus sum of the two vectors.
The mean (statistic) gain over the noise is 3 dB, it produces a benefit of lowering 10 times the B.E.R.
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Soft diversity receptionSoft diversity reception
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
Soft diversity dramatically decreases the B.E.R. during fading events
Vectorial sum=null
Vectorial sum≠null
Reflected rays
Direct rays
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:RX
UNLK 1
UNLK 2BUSY D
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PWR RF HIGH
PWR RF LOW
PWR FAIL
ROS FA IL
TX
Main antenna Diversity antenna
Time
Field
Bursts potentially missed
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Radio Radio coveragecoverage
∞ The RF power level transmitted by a DMR system is the same as the one of a traditional analogical system (constant envelope)∞ The DMR receiver sensitivity is about the same as the one of a traditional analogical system∞ The Audio quality is constant up to the sensitivity field level∞ The coverage is slightly higher than analogical systems with 12.5KHz channeling4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
RF field / distance
Quality
AnalogicalDMR
Minimum acceptablequality
Area of greaterbenefit of DMRAn
alogical
DMR
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Analogical / digital transitionAnalogical / digital transition
Mobile terminal audio compatibility∞ Digital mobile radio terminals can work in traditional analogical way also∞ Mobile analogical terminals (if not provided with TCS in reception) will hear any disturbs in presence of digital signals∞ Radio Network can automatically recognize the two modulations (analogical / digital) and repeats them with the correct format4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
Digital audio∞ Digital audio (Vocoder) is different from analogical one, the quality is good up to the sensitivity limits, no noise can be heard (like SQ turning off), eventual lost voice packets are replaced with like-audio tracks.∞ Vocoder is not able to play music or tone signaling.∞ Vocoder is NOT an ETSI standard. Motorola uses AMBE+2TM
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Direct mode operation on output repeater freq.Direct mode operation on output repeater freq.
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
Direct mode or CH1
from repeater
Repeater
communications
(CH1)
Dispatcher center
CH1 and/or CH2
Repeater
communications
(CH2)
Direct mode
(CH1+CH2)
No separation
Direct mode or CH2
from repeater
CH1 CH2 CH1 CH2
∞ In direct mode the communications coming from repeater are listen if the CH (timeslot) is the same∞ The direct mode communications are always listen (timeslot independent)∞ One channel (timeslot) only is available in direct mode
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Selective compatibility between mobile terminals∞ Mobile digital radio terminals (Motorola) can be provided of selective analogical encoder-decoder card∞ Selective calling are digitally addressable between DMR equipments and analogically between traditional equipments∞ In DMR systems individual and group calling are available
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem Sub-audio tone∞ Network access of DMR mobile terminals is managed by a “color code” instead of traditional su-audio tone∞ 16 “color code” are available
Network operability∞ Mobile DMR terminals can work in “open channel” mode, like traditional systems for emergency
Analogical / digital transitionAnalogical / digital transition
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Over conventional analogical systems∞ Two contemporary communications over 12.5KHz bandwidth∞ European open standard∞ Lower minister frequency license costs per channel∞ Increase spectral efficiency∞ Fast and reliable data communications∞ Smooth migration from analogical systems∞ Communication security with various level of encryptions∞ Powerful features (ID on PTT, emergency call, text messages, ..)
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
Over TETRA systems∞ Very low infrastructure costs∞ More coverage area∞ Easy to manage and maintain∞ Very low power consumption (solar panel compatible)∞ Low cost TCP/IP or UHF links between the base stations∞ Same spectral efficiency and same main features∞ Available in all PMR bands (70 MHz, 160 MHz, 450 MHz)
Advantages of DMR solutionAdvantages of DMR solution
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
DMR Operative CenterDMR Operative Center
LAN
LAN
Communications SERVER
Operator desksCLIENT
Applications:∞Traffic monitoring∞Communications digital recorder∞Selective/group calls∞Text messaging∞Remote control∞Position maps∞…
PSTN
:
ON
Vo ut
Vin_OKVin_KO
Out3
I n4
Out4
I n3
Out2
I n2
:
Out1
I n1
Out3
In4
Out4
In3
Out2
In2
:
Out1
In1
:
Out3
In4
Out4
In3
Out2
In2
:
Out1
In1
Ou t3
In4
Ou t4
In3
Ou t2
In2
:
Ou t1
In1
Telephone interface
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PWR RF LOW
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ROS FA IL
TX
DMR repeater/master of network
Full link and communication information
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
DigitalDigital radio radio systemssystems comparisoncomparison
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
ComparisonComparisonComparison
DMR TETRA P25 T.POL P25 ph2
Dual-standard
an. / digitalyes no yes no no
Spectral eff. 6.25 KHz/ch 6.25 KHz/ch 12.5 KHz/ch 10 KHz/ch 6.25 KHz/ch
Consumption 100 300 100 120 100
Analog. Sys.
coexistenceyes no yes yes no
Cost 100 300 200 250 ?
Covered area 100 70 100 120 100
Standard ETSI ETSI USA ETSI =
Simulcast yes no yes yes ?
Trunking expected yes yes yes ?
applicationsLow traffic
density
High traffic
density
Low traffic
density
Low traffic
density
Low traffic
density
Year 2007 1998 2005 1993 2009?
Purely indicative values
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
DigitalDigital radio radio systemssystems comparisoncomparison
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
ComparisonComparisonComparison
frequency
Analogical DMR Analogical
12.5KHz12.5KHz
frequency
Analogical P25-2 Analogical
12.5KHz12.5KHz
40dB
60dB
6.25KHz channelling needs:∞ A safeguard channel between analogical and digital services∞ Adjacent channel use only on well separated areas
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Radio Activity base station featuresRadio Activity base station features
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
ComparisonComparisonComparison
Unique or more interesting Radio Activity features∞ True 2 channels contemporary DMR communications
∞ Dual mode DMR/Analogical∞ Diversity receiver
∞ Ethernet port with full traffic available (DMR audio and data) for Operative Center applications
∞ Extra low ETH bandwidth (64kb/s) required to connect base stations∞ Software remote upgradability
∞ Easy upgradability from single repeater to simulcast network∞ Built-in digital and analogical voting systems
∞ A lot of timing/synchronism mode available for simulcast applications∞ Powerful internal GSM/GPRS/TCP-IP/DMR based remote control
∞ Automatic mailing of internal status/diagnostics to DMR terminals ∞ Multi-key encryption
∞ Up to 64 user defined masks of ID access∞ Cross coding ZVEI/CCIR to DMR signaling
∞ Modular design∞ Very low power consumption (typ. 8 W @stby)
∞ Compact size (1/2 rack 19” 3UT)∞ Internal duplexer
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Simulcast network conceptSimulcast network concept
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STD ETSI STD ETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
RA simulcastRA RA simulcastsimulcast
ComparisonComparisonComparison
Direct mode
Repeater
communications
1 CH simulcast mobile radio network
Dispatcher center
∞ The same RF channel over whole coverage area � no channels change
through different repeaters, frequency saving∞ No scanning required on terminals � fast and efficient data and audio
communications, lower power consumption on terminals∞ Equivalent to a “big cell” single repeater � no registration required
∞ Automatic roaming and hand-over � Easy to use, fast set-up call∞ Direct mode on repeater output frequency � local communications
plus network communications monitoring
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Radio Activity DMR Radio Activity DMR simulcastsimulcast networknetwork
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
RA simulcastRA RA simulcastsimulcast
Transportnetwork
MOperative
Center
Iso-frequency radio channel
Coverage area
ComparisonComparisonComparison
All transmitters send the same information signals on the same carrier frequency at the same time
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
Radio Activity DMR Radio Activity DMR simulcastsimulcast networknetwork
Transportation network with star geometry made by:∞ Point-to-point UHF link (DMR)∞ Generical TCP/IP network∞ Copper twisted pairs (with IP modem)∞ Mixed UHF/TCP-IP
Transport network
M4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STD ETSI STD ETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
RA simulcastRA RA simulcastsimulcast
ComparisonComparisonComparison
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Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
DMR TCPDMR TCP--IP IP simulcastsimulcast networknetwork
4FSK4FSK4FSK
ETSI STD ETSI STD ETSI STD
2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA
The radioThe radioThe radio
SystemSystemSystem
RA simulcastRA RA simulcastsimulcast
ComparisonComparisonComparison
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p.p.s. p.p.s.
IP
DMR+VoIP
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For timing
and sync
recovery
GPS
unavailable
∞ Low cost TCP/IP connections
∞ Synchronization via GPS and/or 4Wire+E&M∞ Automatic repeater mode on IP failure
∞ Up to 32 base stations per master/submaster∞ 2 TDMA simultaneus channels in 1 RF frequency
Frequency 1
CH1+CH2 (TDMA)
![Page 25: Digital Mobile Radio - Radio Activity Srl DMR.pdf · Digital Mobile Radio ... The up-link has 5 to 15 dB less budget than the down-link: ... Strong signals from broadcast/GSM stations](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022011723/5a78f0de7f8b9a5a148e015d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
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Frequency 1CH1+CH2 (TDMA)
∞ No GPS needed∞ DMR UHF rugged long distance connections
∞ 2 TDMA independent channels in 1 RF frequency∞ Up to 10 UHF slaves per master/submaster
UHF point-to –multipoint link1 frequency from MST to SLV
N frequencies from SLVs to MST
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![Page 26: Digital Mobile Radio - Radio Activity Srl DMR.pdf · Digital Mobile Radio ... The up-link has 5 to 15 dB less budget than the down-link: ... Strong signals from broadcast/GSM stations](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022011723/5a78f0de7f8b9a5a148e015d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio
DMR mixed DMR mixed simulcastsimulcast networknetwork
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Slave IP
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Operative
Center