Digital Logic Design: Principles and...

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VOICU GROZA - Digital Logic Design: Principles and Practices

University of Ottawa, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014

Digital Logic Design: Principles and

PracticesELG5195 (EACJ5705 )Carleton CRN: 18371

Monday 11:30 - 13:00 MNT203Wednesday 10:00 - 11:30 MNT203

Voicu Groza SITE Hall, Room 5017

562 5800 ext. [email protected]



References:• Charles H. Roth, Jr. Larry L. Kinney, Fundamentals of Logic Design, 7th

Edition, Cengage Learning, 2013, ISBN-13: 9781133628477

• Donald D. Givone, Digital Principles and Design, McGraw Hill, 2003, ISBN: 0072525037

• Alan B. Marcovitz, Introduction to Logic Design, McGraw-Hill, 2009, ISBN-13: 978-0073191645

• Randy Katz, Gaetano Borriello, Contemporary Logic Design, Pearson –Prentice Hall, 2005, ISBN: 0-201-30857-6

• Logic Design, Editor-in-Chief Wai-Kai Chen, Copyright © 2003 CRC Press, LLC [electronic resource]

• Zoran Salcic, Asim Smailagic Digital systems design and prototyping using field programmable logic and hardware description language [electronic resource]

• James Hamblen; Michael D. Furman; Tyson S. Hall; Rapid prototyping of digital systems [electronic resource], 2008

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Grading• 10% Assignments: Two or three assignments, to

be handed in during class on the due-date specified.

• 20% The mid-term exam is a closed book exam and covers material presented in the weeks prior to the mid-term. The mid-term schedule is to be announced.

• 30% A project involving a literature review and experimental work; a report and a short presentation at the end of the course will be required.

• 40% Final examination will cover all material studied during the term



Course Outline 1

• Background of Digital Design.

• Logic Function Representation and Minimization.– Karnaugh maps

– Quine-McCluskey Method

– Iterated Consensus Algorithms

– ESPRESSO minimization Algorithms

– Function Minimization by Using K-map XOR Patterns

– Variable-Entered K Maps

– Multiple output problems

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Course Outline 2

• Programmable Logic Devices.

• Propagation Delay and Timing Defects in Combinational Logic.

– Static hazards

– Function hazards

– Stuck-at faults and the effect of hazard cover on fault testability



Course Outline 3

• Introduction to Synchronous State Machine Design and Analysis.

• Synchronous FSM Design Considerations and Applications.

– State table reduction– State assignment– Output race glitches and static hazards– Asynchronous Inputs– Clock skew

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Course Outline 4• Special Topics in Switching Theory

– Threshold Logic

– Functional Decomposition

– Symmetric Functions

• Alternative Synchronous FSM Architectures and Systems-Level Design.

– Algorithmic State Machines

– FSM/ASM realizations using PLA, PAL, ROM, PLD

– FSM architectures centered around a shift register

– FSM architectures centered around a parallel loadable up/down counter

– The One-Hot design method



Worldwide Semiconductor Annual Billings (US$)

WSTS semiconductor forecast from the Forecast Meeting held in November 2012 in Kobe, Japan

http://www.wsts.org/

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The PC-dominated data processing segment - the largest semiconductor application market - is on track to plunge by 7.8 percent this year. Global PC shipments will shrink in 2012 for the first time in 11 years, due to a combination of economic factors and competition with new platforms, including media tablets.

Wireless semiconductors will be the only application market to grow in 2012. The surge in popularity of smartphones and media tablets is driving healthy growth in the overall wireless semiconductor market segment in 2012 with a projected 7.7 percent expansion. However, all of the other end markets for semiconductors will see revenues fall in 2012, negating all the positive effects of the wireless segment.



0%2009 10 11 12 13

-0.7%

4.9%

3.9%

3.5%

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$0

$2,000,000

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

$10,000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

WO

RL

DW

IDE

MA

RK

ET

BIL

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Global Billings Report History (3-month moving average)

Asia Pacific

EuropeJapan

Americas



• Exponentially increasing computing power (Moore’s law), ubiquitous connectivity and convergence of technology have resulted in hardware/software systems being embedded within everyday products and places.

• Already today 90% of computing devices are in Embedded Systems and not in PCs.

• The growth rate in embedded systems is more than 10% per annum and it is forecasted there will be over 40 billion devices (5 to 10 embedded devices per person on earth) worldwide by 2020.

• Today 20% of the value of each car is attributed to embedded electronics and this will increase to an average of 35-50% by 2020.

• Moreover, the value added to the final product by embedded software is often orders of magnitude higher than the cost of the embedded devices themselves.

University of Twente, The Netherlands

Growing importance of embedded systems

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Gartner: Top 10 Strategic Technologies for 2012

• Media Tablets: business - employee (B2E) @ business-consumer (B2C)– ICC 2012 the first IEEE paperless conference, based on RIM’s PlayBook

• Mobile-Centric Applications and Interfaces: touch, gesture, voice

• Contextual and Social User Experience

• Internet of Things.

• App Stores and Marketplaces

• Next-Generation Analytics o From traditional offline analytics to in-line embedded analytics;

o Analyzing historical and real-time data to simulate and predict the future.

• Big Data in-memory DBMS (IMDB, also main memory DBMS/database management system)

• In-Memory Computing use of flash memory in embedded systems & SSD

• Extreme Low-Energy Servers

• Cloud Computing



Internet of Things• Embedded sensors: Sensors that detect and communicate changes are being embedded, not just in mobile devices, but in an increasing number of places and objects.

• Image Recognition: Image recognition technologies strive to identify objects, people, buildings, places logos, and anything else that has value to consumers and enterprises. Smartphones and tablets equipped with cameras have pushed this technology to broad consumer and enterprise applications.

• Near Field Communication (NFC) payment: NFC allows users to make payments by waving their mobile phone in front of a compatible reader.

• E-society = e-Communities in areas from e-Government, e-Democracy, and e-Business to e-Learning and e-Health

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Gartner: Top 10 Strategic Technologies for 2013Businesses in China and India will begin to dominate global IT commerce. Big data will fuel demand for IT jobs, but many of those positions will remain vacant. And you'll likely have more opportunities to exhibit technology as a fashion statement. (Really!?)

1. Windows 8: Through 2015, 90% of enterprises will bypass broad deployment of W8,

2. Mobile Handset Vendors: Android creates new markets: 3 of 5 vendors will be in China by 2015.

3. Big Data will create 4.4 million global jobs by 2015; only 1/3 will be filled as companies need time

4. IT Hiring: by 2014, IT hiring in major western markets will be driven by Asian-based companies.

5. Facebook 40% of enterprise contact information will leak into Facebook by 2017.

6. BYOD (Bring your own device) through 2014 malware will compromise BYOD devices at more than double the rate of corporate-owned devices. Firms will block access for those not compliant with policies

7. SW Spending for "smart operational" tech (link to the Web) will surge by 25% through 2014.

8. Gamification‘s feedback, measurement and incentives will better engage employees.

9. Wearable Smart Electronics: by 2016, wearable smart electronics will be a $10 billion industry. It will include accessories to track personal preferences, location, biosensing and social info.

10. Market Consolidation: by 2014, market consolidation will replace up to 20% of the top 100 IT services providers. Cloud, data, mobility and social media will help restructure a nearly $1 trillion tech services market.



Hardware back in fashion!• New York Times, Aug 25, 2012:

“HW is becoming the new SW”

• Raspberry Pi (UK) - dimension of a credit card

– single-board computer (SBC) with USB, HDMI, etc. to stimulating the teaching of basic computer science in schools

– Modernized version of the ‘80’s ZX Spectrum or Commodore 64

• Arduino (Italy)

• Pebble: E-Paper Watch for iPhone and Android

– pledged of $100,000 goal at Kickstarter=> 68,929 Backers -> $10,266,846

– VS Sony SmartWatch (OLED)16

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PC-1Laptop/ netbook

InternetAccess

Tablet

PrinterPC/DataBased

TelecomBased

VideoPhone

VoicePhone

Smart phone

Intercom

ApplianceBased

Sprinklers

Toasters

Ovens

Clocks

ClimateControl

UtilityCustomization

SecurityBased

DoorSensors

MotionDetectors Window

Sensors

LightControl

AudioAlarms

Video surveillance

SmokeDetectors

SurroundSmart/ dumb

TV

Cam Corder

Media Streamer

VideoGame

VCR

DVDPlayer

Web-TVSTB

Digital Home

SOURCE: Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli,University of California at Berkeley

EntertainmentBased

WiFi Router



The TV Battle

Entertainment

Digital Home

Centre?

Smart TV• Smartphones set a pace TVs can’t match– TVs have long lifecycles + lack processing power

and HW to perform truly smart TV functions

– Devices that are regularly replaced (smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, media streamers and games consoles) = key devices in the digital home

• in 2017 221 million Smart TVs are expected to be sold

– an increase > 400% from 2012.

• by the end of 2017 there will be over 800 million Smart TV sets – 31% of households worldwide

will own a Smart TV • 63% North America (63%) and

Western Europe (64%)

Data from A. Ladbrook, Informa Telecoms & Media, Nov 2012

- Smartphones will continue to define what smart truly is due to short lifecycles and rapidly increasing processor power; users will rarely own a smart phone for longer than 3 years.

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• OTT = any service that one can receive over the Internet without any interaction whatsoever with Internet Service Providers (nor any revenue to that ISP):– Video-on-demand: YouTube, Hulu, Netflix or Apple TV for streaming – VoIP: Skype or Apple's Facetime for voice/video calls – Blackberry Messenger (BBM) or Apple's iMessage for messages on a

mobile device -> SMS revenue by telcos are facing a serious decline – Xbox 360 or World of Warcraft for gaming

• OTT apps = major component of the ongoing battle between "content providers" and "access providers

• Add OTT apps to Set top Boxes (STB), or media streaming devices (Boxee Box, Roku, Apple TV) or DVD players, since standards and protocol changes way faster than the lifespan of TV sets. – TV 2-way communications with smart devices (2nd screens) – send video to TV

and know what is watched– Intel WiDisplay = wireless streaming HDTV (1080p) from PC to TV with 802.11-n

Over-The-Top (OTT) Application or Service

From D. York, Disruptive Telephony, July 10, 2012



Semiconductor Industry Association

International Semiconductor Associate Members Infineon Technologies NASTMIcroelectronicsSamsung Semiconductor

Charter Members:

Corporate Associate MembersCadence Design SystemsSandia National LaboratoriesSynopsysTeradyneMentor GraphicsGartner Group

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U.S. Semiconductor employment reached nearly 250,000 semiconductor manufacturing jobs increase by 3.7 percent over previous year, outpace overall job growth.

1. California = 47,100 jobs, 2. Texas (28,800), 3. Oregon (23,400), 4. Arizona (18,800),5. Massachusetts (10,100) 6. New York (7,600).



Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing in Canada

Number of Employer Establishments in CanadaBy Employment Size Category and Region: Dec. 2011

Computer &Electronic Product Manufacturing (NAICS 334)

Province or Territory

Employment Size Category(Number of employees)

Micro Small Medium Large1-4 5-99 100-499 500+

Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Business Patterns Database, 2011.Alberta 70 88 8 0British Columbia 82 120 14 1Manitoba 13 17 0 1New Brunswick 3 7 0 0Newfoundland and Labrador 2 8 1 0Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0Nova Scotia 8 14 4 0Nunavut 0 0 0 0Ontario 302 514 68 14Prince Edward Island 0 3 0 0Quebec 126 255 34 4Saskatchewan 3 9 2 0Yukon Territory 0 1 0 0

CANADA 609 1,036 131 20Percent Distribution 34% 58% 7% 1.1%

Source: Statistics Canada, special tabulation, unpublished data, Annual Survey of Manufactures, 2001 to 2003; Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging, 2004 to 2010. (http://www.ic.gc.ca/cis-sic/cis-sic.nsf/IDE/cis-sic334etbe.html)

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