Digital Learning Futures: 3 things about future learning
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Steve WheelerInstitute of EducationPlymouth University
Digital Learning Futures3 things you should know about the
future of learning
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Can we predict the Future...?
http://westernfrontierblog.w
ordpress.com/
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Can we predict the Future...?
http://westernfrontierblog.w
ordpress.com/
“One day every town in America will have a telephone!”
- U.S. Mayor, (c 1880)
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1: The future is unpredictable
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“For the first time we are preparing
learners for a future we
cannot clearly describe.”
- David Warlick
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http://www.digitaltrends.com
“It is impossible to predict the future with great accuracy” – Michio Kaku
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The Future...?
• 1989: ‘The future is multi-media’• 1999: ‘The future is the Web’
hof.povray.org
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The Future...?
• 1989: ‘The future is multi-media’• 1999: ‘The future is the Web’• 2009: ‘The future is smart mobile’hof.povray.org
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http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/communications/internet-minute-infographic.html
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The First Mobile Phone
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
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http://www.sabotagetimes.com/life/a-vision-of-the-future-from-1910/
Learning 2000
Villemard
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http://www.sabotagetimes.com/life/a-vision-of-the-future-from-1910/
Learning 2000
Villemard
Disruptive Technology
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Social, political, and economic systems change incrementally, but technology changes exponentially.
Larry Downes
Law of Disruption
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4 to 5 Years
2 to 3 Years
1 Year or Less
Great Expectations 2014
• Flipped Classroom• Learner Analytics• 3D Printing• Games and Gamification• The Quantified Self• Virtual Assistants
Graphics concept by Steve WheelerSource: http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/2014-horizon-report
Time to adoptionEmerging Technology
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Ubiquitous connection
cc S
teve
Whe
eler
, Uni
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f Ply
mou
th, 2
010
http://i.imwx.com
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“The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed” – William Gibson
http://intergalacticrobot.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/helen-oloy.html
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2: The future can be found in the past
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Facsimile machine (1843)
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Facsimile machine (1843)
Tablet computer first seen in movie 2001 (1968)
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(from: Nicky Hockley)
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Curiosity
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Technology next
Pedagogy first
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Students taking notesPhoto: Lori Cullen
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We learn by making (Papert, 1960)Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Learning 2.0
User generated
content
Learning by making
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Learning 2.0
CurationCollaborating
Sharing and Amplifying
Voting
Networking
User generated
content
Architecture of participation
Tagging and Bookmarking
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Aggregation
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The stuff of motivation…
Adapted from: Maslow, A. H. (1954) Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper.
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Transcendence
Biological and Physiological needs
Safety needs
Esteem needs
Belonging and Love needs
Cognitive needs
Aesthetic needs
Self Ac
Adapted from: Maslow, A. H. (1954) Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper.
Being Needs
Deficiency Needs
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Purpose
Autonomy Mastery
Adapted from: Pink, D. H. (2009) Drive: The Surprising Truth about What Motivates Us. New York, NY: Penguin.
Intrinsic Motivation
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Maslow Hierarchy Pink Motivators Game Dynamics
Avoidance of RSI, eyestrain etc
Rest, hydration, food etc
Social cohesion, friends, guilds
Status, achievement, rank
Intellectual challenges
User interfaces, game design
Adapted from Michael Wu: http://lithosphere.lithium.com/t5/science-of-social-blog/Gamification-101-The-Psychology-of-Motivation/ba-p/21864
Points, badges, progression
Quests, discovery, epic meaning etc
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Flow Channel
CHAL
LEN
GE
SKILLSLow High
Low
High
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi, 1991
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CHAL
LEN
GE
SKILLSLow High
Low
High
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi (1991) and Killi (2009)
P1
P2
P3
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CHAL
LEN
GE
SKILLSLow High
Low
High
Anxiety
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi (1991) and Killi (2009)
P1
P2
P3
P4
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Beyond my reach
What I can learn with help(ZPD)
ZPD and scaffolding
What I can learn on my
own
Technology and toolsKnowledgeable others
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Zone of Proxim
al Development (Z
PD)CH
ALLE
NGE
SKILLSLow High
Low
High
Anxiety
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi (1991) and Killi (2009)
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http://sellyourstoryuk.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Old-and-Young-Computer.jpg
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• Bring Your Own Device• User Generated Content• Open content/curricula
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3: We can invent our own futures
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Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Twitter is not just about breakfast!
http://ww
w.lythhillhouse.com
/breakfast.html
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Twitter as a libraryTwitter as a street corner
Twitter as a broadcast channel Twitter as amplification
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#hashtags
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Funnels of Webs
“The current search for new educational funnels must be reversed into the search for their institutional
inverse: educational webs which heighten the opportunity for each one to transform each moment
of his living into one of learning, sharing, and caring.” Ivan Illich (1972)
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Funnels or Webs?
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Our learning future…
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http://le-flaneur.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/office-workers.jpg
Mass working...
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... led to mass synchronisation
http://www.delasallewaterford.com
Linear thinkingConformity
Standardisation
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The computer room...
http://www.hseb.utah.edu
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My PLE
My e-portfolio
My PLN
Other Tools
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Personal Learning Environments
Graphic by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning Environment
Source: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/2010/07/anatomy-of-ple.html
Steve Wheeler & Manish Malik (2010)
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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“I store my knowledge with my friends”
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Connectivism Paragogy Wisdom of Crowds
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Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Crowdsourcing Knowledge“Community as curriculum”
Photo: Steve Wheeler
MOOCCONNECTIVIST
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XC
Embedded MOOCs?
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“Lee Harvey and the Wailers”(Lee Harvey did not jam alone)
http://www.myspace.com/hsu/photos/6850630
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“60% of all Internet pages contain
misleading information.”
- Thomas Edison
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“60% of all Internet pages contain
misleading information.”
- Thomas Edison
We need ‘digital wisdom’
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Learners will need new ‘literacies’
• Social networking• Privacy maintenance• Identity management• Creating content• Organising content• Reusing and repurposing• Filtering and selecting• Self presention• Transliteracy
http://www.mopocket.com/
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Leaning 2.0 – Digital Literacies
Mastery
Literacies
Competencies
Skills
Graphic by Steve Wheeler (2013)
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A ‘tsunami of content’
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Self Organising Learning Spaces
Photo by William Murphy: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3146778883
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Self Organising Learning Spaces
Photo by William Murphy: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3146778883
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Flip the roles, not just the classroom
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Bearpit Pedagogy
http://open.salon.com
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“The way he constantly asks us to speak in his lectures rather than him allows us all to engage in, sometimes heated, discussions.” (one of my students)
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The Future...?
• 1989: ‘The future is multi-media’• 1999: ‘The future is the Web’• 2009: ‘The future is smart mobile’• 2012: ‘The future is pervasive tech’hof.povray.org
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Learning 3.0
Distributed (Cloud) computingExtended smart mobile technologyCollaborative intelligent filtering3D visualisation and interaction St
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Future Learning Topology
Distributed (Cloud) Computing
3D Visualisation and Interaction
Smart Mobile Technology
CollaborativeIntelligent
Filtering
Infrastructure
Interface
Tools
Interaction
Graphic by Steve Wheeler
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/lonqueta/5815215233/
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/lonqueta/5815215233/
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"We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.“ – Albert Einstein
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Thank you
W: http://steve-wheeler.netE: [email protected]: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.comT: @timbuckteeth
Photo by Steve Wheeler