DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR THE EUROPEAN ......30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3 IN THE SEARCH OF AN...
Transcript of DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR THE EUROPEAN ......30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3 IN THE SEARCH OF AN...
-
DIGITAL
ENTREPENEURSHIP
INDEX FOR THE
EUROPEAN CITIES
CITIES & ECONOMY FORUM
Bilbao, 2016
Jorge Sicilia and Tomasa Rodrigo
-
2 Source: BBVA Research, UN and WB
EVOLUTION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE
Why are cities important in Europe?
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
1 to 5
mill
10 mill
or more
5 to 10
mill
500000 to
1 mill City population:
2030
1990
INCREASING ROLE OF CITIES IT STILL MATTERS IN
EUROPE!
LEVEL OF URBANIZATION AND GDP
PER CAPITA IN EUROPE IN 2015
Advanced Europe Developing Europe
Urban population (% of total) G
DP
pe
r ca
pita
(U
SD
PP
P)
Why? What next?
2030
1990
Bosnia and Herzegovina
AlbaniaMoldova
Slovenia
Romania
Portugal
Croatia
Ireland
Armenia
Latvia
Estonia
Germany
Norway
Spain
United Kingdom
Denmark
Belgium
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-
3
IN THE SEARCH OF AN INDEX
Entrepreneurship & capital
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
More focused on countries
Lack of data driven analysis
Qualitative indexes
Small role of digital
WHAT IS IT ALREADY AVAILABLE?
At city level
Alternative sources
(including Big Data)
Quantitative index
Strong digital block
WHAT DO WE THINK WE NEED?
Data driven analysis
Focused on surveys
The evolution of digital technologies has transformed the business landscape.
There are new key drivers to promote economic growth and development
-
4
BBVA Research Digital Entrepreneurship
Index for European cities
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Digitalization
Life quality and
infraestructures
Skills and business
environment
Entrepreneurial
culture and attitudes
Financing Dublin
Paris
Amsterdam
Lisbon Madrid
Barcelona
Bilbao
Roma
Helsinki Stockholm
Copenhagen
Rotterdam
Berlin
Brussels London
Cambridge
Oxford
Hamburg
Stuttgart Luxembourg
Munich Cologne
Vienna
Milan
Prague
Nicosia
Riga
Budapest
Warsaw
Tallinn
Vilnius
Bucharest
Sofia
Ljubljana
Zagreb
Bratislava
Valletta
Athens
COMPONENTS OF THE INDEX INCLUDED CITIES IN THE ANALYSIS
-
5
BBVA Research Digital Entrepreneurship
Index for European cities: Results
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DIGITAL INDEX RANKING AND GDP PER CAPITA IN EUROPEAN CITIES, 2015
Source: BBVA Research and WB
London
Oxford
Brussels
Sofia
StuttgartMunich
Berlin Dublin
Athens
Madrid
Barcelona
Paris
Zagreb
MilanRome
Vilnius
Luxembourg
Budapest
Valletta
Amsterdam
Warsaw
Lisbon
Bucharest
Stockholm
Cambridge
Riga Prague
Bratislava
Helsinki
Cologne
Copenhagen
Vienna
Rotterdam
Hamburg
Bilbao
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
-
6
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Digital Financing Skills and business
environment
Life quality and infraestructures
Entrepeneurial culture and
attitudes
Digital Entrepeneurship
Index
1 London
2 Paris
3 Amsterdam
4 Helsinki
5 Stockholm
6 Copenhagen
7 Rotterdam
8 Berlin
9 Dublin
10 Brussels
11 Hamburg
12 Cambridge
13 Munich
14 Oxford
15 Madrid
16 Stuttgart
17 Barcelona
18 Bilbao
19 Luxembourg
20 Cologne
21 Vienna
22 Milan
23 Prague
24 Lisbon
25 Nicosia
26 Riga
27 Budapest
28 Warsaw
29 Tallinn
30 Vilnius
31 Rome
32 Bucharest
33 Sofia
34 Ljubljana
35 Bratislava
36 Zagreb
37 Valletta
38 Athens
1 London
2 Paris
3 Copenhagen
4 Amsterdam
5 Helsinki
6 Stockholm
7 Berlin
8 Oxford
9 Brussels
10 Dublin
11 Madrid
12 Cambridge
13 Barcelona
14 Bilbao
15 Luxembourg
16 Rotterdam
17 Munich
18 Hamburg
19 Stuttgart
20 Nicosia
21 Prague
22 Cologne
23 Milan
24 Vienna
25 Riga
26 Tallinn
27 Budapest
28 Sofia
29 Rome
30 Warsaw
31 Lisbon
32 Bucharest
33 Vilnius
34 Zagreb
35 Bratislava
36 Ljubljana
37 Athens
38 Valletta
1 London
2 Helsinki
3 Amsterdam
4 Paris
5 Stockholm
6 Copenhagen
7 Rotterdam
8 Brussels
9 Oxford
10 Cambridge
11 Munich
12 Berlin
13 Dublin
14 Cologne
15 Hamburg
16 Luxembourg
17 Vienna
18 Madrid
19 Barcelona
20 Bilbao
21 Stuttgart
22 Nicosia
23 Milan
24 Riga
25 Tallinn
26 Prague
27 Bratislava
28 Ljubljana
29 Vilnius
30 Lisbon
31 Budapest
32 Zagreb
33 Warsaw
34 Valletta
35 Bucharest
36 Sofia
37 Rome
38 Athens
1 London
2 Paris
3 Copenhagen
4 Berlin
5 Hamburg
6 Munich
7 Stockholm
8 Helsinki
9 Amsterdam
10 Dublin
11 Rotterdam
12 Brussels
13 Oxford
14 Cambridge
15 Madrid
16 Luxembourg
17 Barcelona
18 Cologne
19 Stuttgart
20 Bilbao
21 Vienna
22 Lisbon
23 Warsaw
24 Budapest
25 Milan
26 Prague
27 Nicosia
28 Bratislava
29 Rome
30 Valletta
31 Ljubljana
32 Vilnius
33 Tallinn
34 Athens
35 Riga
36 Bucharest
37 Zagreb
38 Sofia
1 London
2 Copenhagen
3 Stockholm
4 Helsinki
5 Amsterdam
6 Paris
7 Luxembourg
8 Stuttgart
9 Cambridge
10 Berlin
11 Munich
12 Dublin
13 Rotterdam
14 Brussels
15 Hamburg
16 Madrid
17 Oxford
18 Barcelona
19 Milan
20 Bilbao
21 Cologne
22 Prague
23 Vienna
24 Nicosia
25 Warsaw
26 Bucharest
27 Tallinn
28 Budapest
29 Ljubljana
30 Vilnius
31 Lisbon
32 Rome
33 Valletta
34 Bratislava
35 Athens
36 Riga
37 Sofia
38 Zagreb
1 London
2 Amsterdam
3 Stockholm
4 Helsinki
5 Paris
6 Berlin
7 Copenhagen
8 Dublin
9 Rotterdam
10 Hamburg
11 Luxembourg
12 Cambridge
13 Stuttgart
14 Oxford
15 Munich
16 Brussels
17 Cologne
18 Vienna
19 Lisbon
20 Madrid
21 Nicosia
22 Barcelona
23 Bilbao
24 Rome
25 Warsaw
26 Prague
27 Riga
28 Milan
29 Tallinn
30 Budapest
31 Zagreb
32 Sofia
33 Bucharest
34 Vilnius
35 Bratislava
36 Ljubljana
37 Athens
38 Valletta
BBVA Research Digital Entrepreneurship
Index for European cities: Components
25.21 25.19 24.63 17.78 7.19 Weights in the index
-
7
BBVA Research Digital Entrepreneurship
Index for European cities: Policy making
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDEX AND POLICY INITIATIVES TO
FOSTER ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN CITIES IN 2015
Source: BBVA Resarch, Citie project and European Digital Forum
London
Paris
Amsterdam
Helsinki
Stockholm Copenhagen
RotterdamBerlin
Dublin
BrusselsOxfordCambridge
Hamburg
Stuttgart MadridLuxembourg
BarcelonaBilbao
MunichCologne
ViennaMilanPrague
Lisbon
NicosiaRigaBudapest Warsaw
TallinnVilnius
Rome
BucharestSofia
Ljubljana
Bratislava ZagrebValletta
Athens0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Policy initiatives for technology, innovation and entrepreneurship
Dig
ita
l E
ntr
ep
en
eu
rsh
ip In
de
x
Front
runnersChallenges
BuildersOn the
tail
• There has been an increasing
awareness by policymakers of
the importance of innovation and
entrepreneurship over the last
years
• Already leading cities continue
pushing forward
• Barcelona, Rotterdam and
Brussels are doing more than
others to catch up
-
ANNEX
-
9
ANNEX
Composition: indicators and weights
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
24.63
Financing
• Early-stage funding as %
GDP
• Later-stage funding as %
GDP
• Average funding
• Funding innovation media
tone
• Availability of
crowdfunding
25.21
Entrepreneurial
culture and
attitudes
• Risk acceptance
• New-business density
• Perception of
entrepreneurship
• Engagement with digital
startup ecosystem
• Networking and
mentoring events
• Trust score
17.78
Skills and
business
environment
• Tertiary Education
• % ICT employees
• % Finance/Insurance
employees
• English language skills
• Ease of doing business
• Number of shared
working spaces
• Public sector information
score
7.19
Life quality and
infraestructures
• Quality of life index score
• Cost of living score
• Quality of public transport
• Infrastructure
Satisfaction
25.19
Digitalization
• Cost of broadband
• Number of fibre-to-the-
home/building Internet
subscriptions
• e-commerce use
• Internet frequency access
• Social networks
• Internet banking
• e-Government
• Digital index tone
-
10
ANNEX
Data description: Entrepreneurial culture and attitudes
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Variable Description Source Coverage Year
Risk acceptance Percentage of people who tend to disagree or totally
disagree with the following statement: One should not
start a business if there is a risk it might fail.
Eurobarometer
Entrepreneurship in the EU
and beyond
NUTS2 level 2014
New-business density New firms registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64 World Bank National level 2014
Perception of
entrepreneurship
Media perception of entrepreneurship themes included
in the World Bank taxonomy
GDELT City level 2015
Engagement with digital
startup ecosystem
Media coverage of entrepreneurship themes included in
the World Bank taxonomy/ Number of tweets with
hashtag entrepreneurship
GDELT/ FollowtheHashtag City level
2015
Networking and mentoring
events
Media coverage of mentoring included in the World
Bank taxonomy/Number of networking events per month
GDELT/ meetup City level
2015
Trust score Median response to the question: Generally speaking,
would you say that most people can be trusted, or that
you could not be too careful in dealing with people?
Eurobarometer NUTS2 level
2014
-
11
ANNEX
Data description: Digitalization
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Variable Description Source Coverage Year
Cost of broadband Fixed broadband subscription cost ITU National level 2015
Number of fibre to the
home/building Internet
subscriptions
Availability of fibre with respect to the total building
internet subscriptions
ITU National level 2015
e-Commerce use Percentage of individuals who ordered goods or
services over the Internet
Eurostat NUTS2 level 2015
Internet daily frequency
access
Percentage of individuals who use internet every day Eurostat NUTS2 level
2015
Social networks use Percentage of individuals participating in social networks
(creating user profile, posting messages or other
contributions to facebook, twitter, etc.)
Eurostat NUTS2 level
2015
Internet banking use Percentage of individuals who used the internet banking Eurostat NUTS2 level 2015
e-Government Percentage of individuals who used the internet for
interaction with public authorities
Eurostat NUTS2 level
2015
Digital index tone Media perception of themes related with digital
economy, fintech and digital regulation
GDELT City level 2015
-
12
ANNEX
Data description: Financing
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Variable Description Source Coverage Year
Early-stage funding Amount of seed and startup funding raised as % GDP European Private Equity
and Venture Capital
Association
City level 2013
Later-stage funding Amount of later-stage funding raised as % GDP European Private Equity
and Venture Capital
Association
City level 2012
Average funding Average funding raised as % GDP European Private Equity
and Venture Capital
Association
City level 2015
Funding innovation media
tone
Media coverage of funding innovation included in the
World Bank taxonomy
GDELT City level
2015
Availability of
crowdfunding
Financed projects by Kickstarter Kickstarter City level
2015
-
13
ANNEX
Data description: Skills and business environment
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Variable Description Source Coverage Year
Tertiary Education Percentage of population with tertiary education Eurostat NUTS2 level 2015
% ICT employees Percentage of employees in ICT sector Eurostat NUTS2 level 2015
% Finance/Insurance
employees
Percentage of employees in Finance/Insurance sector Eurostat NUTS2 level 2015
English language skills Percentage of population who can speak English Eurostat NUTS2 level
2014
Ease of doing business Ease of doing business ranking World Bank National level
2015
Number of shared working
spaces
Number of co-working spaces in the city GoodCoworking City level
2015
Public sector information
score
Public Sector Information scoreboard and the status of
Open Data
European Comission National level 2014
-
14
ANNEX
Data description: Life quality and infraestructures
DIGITAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INDEX FOR EUROPEAN CITIES │ NOVEMBER 2016
Variable Description Source Coverage Year
Quality of life score Overall quality of life Eurostat City level 2015
Cost of living score Indicator of consumer goods price including groceries,
restaurants, transportation and utilities
Numbeo City level 2012
Quality of public transport 'Percentage of people who answered "very satified" or
"rather satisfied" to the question: "Generally speaking,
please tell me if you are very satisfied, rather satisfied,
rather unsatisfied or not at all satisfied Public transport,
for example the bus, tram or metro"
Eurostat City level 2014
Infrastructure Satisfaction Overall satisfaction with infrastructure in cities Eurostat City level
2015
-
DIGITAL
ENTREPENEURSHIP
INDEX FOR THE
EUROPEAN CITIES
CITIES & ECONOMY FORUM
Bilbao, 2016
Jorge Sicilia and Tomasa Rodrigo