Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion...
Transcript of Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion...
![Page 1: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008
Ivana Novak
![Page 2: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Digestive system I
Basic structure, function and regulation of gastrointestinal organs,
salivary glands
![Page 3: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Basic function of GI
• Assimilation of food and nutrition • Excretion of waste products
(also kidney and liver)• Fluid and electrolyte balance• Immunity
Ingestion – initiates multiple endocrine, paracrine and neural pathways
![Page 4: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alimentary trackin vertebrates
Figure 15-2 like
![Page 5: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Oversigt over fordøjelsesorganene
Figure 15-1 likefrom Sand
![Page 6: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The four processes carried out by the GI tract: digestion, secretion, absorption, and motility.
Figure 15-2
![Page 7: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mass balance of what comes in and out
500 ml bile
6700 ml absorbed
1400 ml absorbed
Intake:1200 ml water/day800 g solids/day
excretion: 100 ml water/day50 g solids/day
1500 ml salivarysecretion
2000 ml gastric secretion
1500 ml pancreatic secretion
1500 ml intestinal secretion
Figure 15-5 like
![Page 8: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How long it takes
10 s
1-3 h
7-9 h
25-30 h
30-120 h
![Page 9: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Basic microanatomy of the tube
Figure 15-6
EnteriskeNervesystem(ENS)
![Page 10: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nervestyret regulering af fordøjelseskanalens aktiviteter Korte (lokale) og lange reflexbuer
Figure 15-13
![Page 11: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Gastrointestinal hormones
Hormone Source Target
Gastrin G-cells in antrum parietal cellsof stomach of stomach
Gastric-inhibitory peptide (GIP) Vagal nerve endings G-cells in antrum(Glucose-dependentinsulinotrophic peptide)
Cholecystokinin (CCK) I-cells in duodenum pancreas, gallbladder
Secretin S-cells in small intestine pancreas, stomach,bile ducts
Table 15-4 like
![Page 12: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Phases of gastrointestinal control
Cephalic PS, stimulus – sight, smell, thought(Hovedfasen)
Gastric various hormones, ENS and PS(Ventrikelfasen) acidity, peptides, volume
Intestinal various hormones, ENS and PS(Tarmfasen) amino acids, fats
(PS parasympathetic nervous system; ENS enteric nervous system)
![Page 13: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Motility - Divisions
Upper esophagealsphincter
Lower esophagealsphincter(cardiac sphincter)
Pyloric sphincter
Ileocecal sphincter
Internal and external anal sphincterFigure 15-15 like
![Page 14: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Motility - smooth muscles
MembranePotential (mV)
MuscleTension
Pacemaker Potential
Threshold PotentialAP
Figure 15-23 like
![Page 15: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Peristalsis and segmentation
Peristalsis(transport)
Segmentation(mixing)
Figure 15-22 and 15-32 like
![Page 16: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mouth phase
Figure 15-14
![Page 17: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Major salivary glands
ØrespytkirtlenTungespytkirtlen
Kæbespytkirtlen
Function of saliva – tastelubrication and dissolving of fooddigestion of polysachharides by amylaseoral hygiene (antibacterial actions)(temperature regulation)
Figure X and Table 15-1
![Page 18: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Secretory endpieces and duct system of the human submandibular gland
Acini
Duct system
Mucous tubules
Figure X
Acetylc
holin
e
Noradrenaline
Parasympatheticnerve terminal
Sympatheticnerve terminal
from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987
![Page 19: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Digestive system II
Gastric, pancreatic and liverfunction
![Page 20: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Regions of the stomach
Fundus
Corpus or body
Antrum
Mavesækken(Ventriklen)
Figure 15-16 like
![Page 21: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Microanatomy of stomachThe mucosa is composed of surface epithelial cells and glands
Endocrine cells (GastrinHistamine)
Figure 15-17 like
![Page 22: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Gastric glands of the stomachsecrete HCl and pepsinogen
HClIntrinsic factor
protectivemucus andbicarbonate
pepsinogen
Figure 15-17 and 15-21
![Page 23: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HCl secretion of parietal cells
celllumen interstititum
CA
PILL
AR
Y
Cl-
Na+ATPase
K+
Na+
H+
HCO3-CO2
+H2O
CAH+
FOO
D
H+
K+
ATPase
K+Cl-
K+
Figure 15-18 like
![Page 24: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
HCl secretion of parietal cells
celllumen interstititum
CA
PILL
AR
Y
Cl-
Na+ATPase
K+
Na+
H+HCl
HCO3-CO2
+H2O
CAH+
FOO
D
K+
Figure 15-18 like
![Page 25: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Regulation of parietal cells
celllumen interstititum
Gastrin
Histamine
ACh
Somatostatin
+
-
+
+
H+
K+
ATPase
Second messengers
HCl
Figure 15-19 like
![Page 26: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Where what is secreted
FundusNo parietal cells
Corpus or bodySecretes acidMucusPepsinogenIntrinsic factorbicarbonate
AntrumNo parietal cellsSecretes mucus, pepsinogenEndocrine cells release gastrin Figure 16-16 like
![Page 27: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cephalic and gastric phase controlling acidsecretion by the stomach
Figure 15-20
![Page 28: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gastric motility
Fundus
Corpus or body
AntrumChymeParticles <2 mm
Membrane Potential (mV)
Muscle Tension
Pacemaker Potential
Threshold Potential
AP
Pacemakers
![Page 30: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Intestinal-phase pathways inhibiting gastric emptying
Figure 15-24
![Page 31: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Effects of chyme in small intestine
Acid chymefrom stomachLiver
Pancreas
Small intestine Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Acidic pH
Fatty acids
Bicarbonate
Enzymes
Figure 15-27 and 15-28 like
![Page 32: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Figure 15-25
Pancreas and liver
![Page 33: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Exocrine pancreas – two types of epithelia forming two types of secretion
DuctExocrine cells(Acinus)Secretion
NaCl+Enzymes+H2ONaHCO3 + H2O
![Page 34: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Pancreatic enzymes
Proteolytic:TrypsinChymotrypsinElastase
Carboxypeptidase ACarboxypeptidase BAminopeptidase
Amyolytic (starch):α-Amylase
Nucleolytic:RibonuleaseDeoxyribonuclease
Lipolytic:LipaseCholesterinesterasePhospholipase A
Table 15-6 like
![Page 35: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Activation of pancreatic enzyme precursors in the small intestine
Figure 15-26
![Page 36: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hormonal regulation of bicarbonate secretion
Figure 15-27 like(from Sand)
![Page 37: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hormonal regulation of enzyme secretion (and smooth muscle)
Figure 15-28 and 15.31 like(from Sand)
![Page 38: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Liver – dual blood supply
Hepatic artery
Vena cava
Portal vein
intestine
pancreas
stomach
spleen
![Page 39: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Liver functions
•Exocrine and digestive (bile salts and bicarbonate)
•Organic metabolism (carbohydrates, fats, urea)
•Endocrine function (T3 to T4, angiotensinogen)
•Clotting function (prothrombin and fibrinogen)
•Synthesis of plasma proteins
•Cholesterol metabolism
•Excretory and degradative function
Table 15-2 short
![Page 40: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Liver-portal triads and bile production
Figure 15.29 like(from Sand)
![Page 41: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bile and liver• Bile function:• Promote digestion and absorption of lipids• Get rid of endogenous and exogenous waste products
• Bile contains:• Bile acids and salts• Lecithin• Cholesterol and phospholipids• Bicarbonate• Metabolic end products (billirubin, medicaments)• Trace elements
• Regulation of bile secretion• Secretin stimulates bicarbonate secretion in bile canaliculi• CCK stimulates gallbladder contraction
![Page 42: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Digestive system III
Small and large intestine, digestion and absorption
![Page 43: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Small and large intestine
Functions:
Neutralization (small)Further digestion (small)Absorption of nutrients (small)Salt and water balance (small and large)Storage and concentration (large)Microbial digestion (large)
![Page 44: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Neutralization of acid chyme in small intestine
Acid chymefrom stomachLiver
Pancreas
Small intestineHCO3
-
![Page 45: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Anatomy of small and large intestine
Figure 15-33 like
![Page 46: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Small vs large intestine anatomy
Villi
![Page 47: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Structure of villi in small intestine
Figure 15-7
![Page 48: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Villi vs. microvilli
Figure 15-8 like
![Page 49: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Na+-dependent absorption Fluid movement is coupled of the movement of solute (nutrient or salt)
Na+ATPase
K+
Na+
H2O
Intestine lumen intes
interstitium
K+
Enzymes:
Amylases
Peptidases
Lipases
Solutes:GlucoseAmino acidsChlorideBicarbonate
lactose
glucose+galactoselactase
Brush borderenzymes
![Page 51: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Big Droplets of Fat
Small Droplets of Fat
Micelles
Fatty Acids andMonoglycerides
Chylomicron Assembly
Distribution and Processing
Fat absorption in the small intestine
Figure 15-12
![Page 52: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Large intestine
• Absorption of Na and Cl and water (but can also secrete)
• Bacterial digestion of carbohydrates and production of short chain fatty acids
• Absorption/secretion of K• Sensitive to aldosterone
![Page 53: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Intestine absorbs and secretes fluid
1500 ml salivarysecretion
2000 ml gastric secretion
1500 ml pancreatic secretion
1500 ml intestinal secretion
500 ml bile
6700 ml absorbed
1400 ml absorbed
Intake:1200 ml water/day800 g solids/day
excretion: 100 ml water/day50 g solids/day Figure 15-5 like
![Page 54: Digestive system Human Physiology 2007-2008nerve terminal Sympathetic nerve terminal from Secretion by the Major Salivary Glands by J.A. Young et al. 1987 Digestive system II Gastric,](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f8083e3abf6e84a885c13f3/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Diarrheas
Secretory diarrhea (caused by endogenous secretions, e.g. toxins like cholera toxin), accompanied by metabolic acidosis
Osmotic diarrhea (caused by dietary nutrient that is not absorbed, e.g. lactose)