Digestive system components
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Transcript of Digestive system components
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Digestive system components
Primary functions and important details
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Mouth
• Ingestion• Hard palate: works with tongue for swallowing• Soft palate: uvula closes the nasopharynx
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Salivary Gland Functions
• Creates salvia which:• Cleans the mouth• Dissovles some food chemicals• Moistens food• Produces amylase which
breaks down starch
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Salivary gland details
• Saliva is 97% water. Enzymes, antibodies and proteins are also produced
• Mumps is a viral disease that causes swelling
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Tongue
• Mechanical digestion and propulsion
• Forms food into a bolus
• Contains papillae with taste buds
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Teeth
• Mechanical digestion• 4 types: incisors, canines,
premolars, molars• 3 parts: crown, neck, root• Cavities are caused by
the most common bacterial infection fund in humans
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Pharynx
• Propulsion• Has three layers
of skeletal muscle (no smooth)
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Esophagus
• Propulsion• Has layers of skeletal and smooth muscle
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Stomach Functions
• Mechanical digestion using 3 layers of muscle
• Chemical digestion• Absorption: asprin,
some prescription drugs, and alcohol
• Temory storage of chyme
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Stomach details
• Gastric glands secrete: mucous, HCl acid, pepsin enzyme, gastrin hormone, serotonin and somatostatin hormone, and histamine.
• Rennin is an enzyme only produced in childhood
• Emetic center controls vomiting
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Small Intestine Functions
• Mechanical mixing of food with digestive juices
• Chemical digestion
• absorption
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Small intestine details
• 3parts: doudenum, jejunum, ileum
• Villi and microvilli create the brush border for increasing surface area for absorption
• Neutralizes acidic chyme
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Liver
• Creates bile• Composition
of bile: fats, bile salts, pigment, cholesterol, phospholipids
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Gall Bladder
• Stores bladder• Gallstones can form
to clog the bile duct
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Pancreas
• Creates pancreactic digestive juices• PDJ contains water, enzymes, bicarbonate
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Large Intestine functions
• Absorption of water
• Propulsion• Defecation• Small role in
chemical digestion
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Large intestine details
• 3 parts: ascending, transverse, descending• Bacterial living in the lg. intestine help break down
indegestible carbohydrates such as cellulose• These bacterial flora also synthesize B and K vitamins