DIGESTIVEDIGESTIVEAND EXCRETORY AND EXCRETORY

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Science, Technology, & SocietyMR. CANOVA

Period 11

THE NEED FOR FOODTHE NEED FOR FOOD

• Food• Energy• Vitamins,

Minerals, and Water

FoodFood• The amount of energy you need depends on many factors such as age,

sex, rate of growth, and physical activity.• Nutrient- a substance required by the body for:

– Energy– Growth– Repair– Maintenance

• Digestion- The process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use. (ATP)

• calorie- the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

• Calorie (food)= 1000 calories

SOURCES OF ENERGYSOURCES OF ENERGY• CARBOHYDRATES:

– Organic compounds with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen the provide nutrients.

• Breads, Pasta, Grains, Cereals, Potatoes, Fruit

• PROTEINS:– Organic compounds with one or more

chains of amino acids• Fish, Eggs, Poultry, Beef, Pork,

Nuts, Legumes, Milk, Cheese, Tofu

• FATS:– Organic compounds (lipids) that are

insoluble in water. Act as padding and insulation

• Milk, Cheese, Meats, Butter,Olives, Avocados, Fried Foods, Oils, Chips

Building MaterialsBuilding Materials• Substances that don’t provide energy,

but regulate the amount released within the body.

• VITAMINS– ORGANIC

• MINERALS– NATURALLY OCCURING

INORGANIC• WATER

– NATURALLY OCCURING• 2/3 OF BODY’S WEIGHT IS WATER

• OBESITY- BEING MORE THAN 20 PERCENT HEAVIER THAN YOUR IDEAL BODY WEIGHT

– BMI INDEX

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMDIGESTIVE SYSTEM• Food• Energy• Vitamins, Minerals, and Water• The taking in of food, breaking it down

into molecules small enough for the body to absorb, and getting rid of undigested molecules and waste

– IMPORTANT FACTS:• STARTS AT THE MOUTH, ENDS

AT THE ANUS• FOOD TRAVELS MORE THAN

26 FEET• HAS OVER 10 STRUCTURES

INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS

Beginning Digestion-PART I Beginning Digestion-PART I

• Mouth-– Contains teeth, tongue,

and saliva.• Throat-

– Contains pharynx & esophagus (epiglottis).

• Stomach-– Contains gastric juices

to break down food.

Continuing Digestion-PART II Continuing Digestion-PART II

• Small Intestine-– Contains duodenum &

absorbs nutrients from passing food.

• Large Intestine-– Also called colon,

allows the passage of wastes.

– Leads to the rectum.

Continuing Digestion-PART III Continuing Digestion-PART III • Liver and Pancreas-

– Not part of digestive tract but provide secretions to system

• Liver-– Releases bile– Maintains blood sugar levels– Detoxifies poisons

• Pancreas-– Also called colon, all the

passage of wastes.– Leads to the rectum.

Excretory System Excretory System

• This system collects and removes wastes from the body.

• It also maintains osmotic balance and stable pH levels by monitoring salt and water levels.

EXCRETIONEXCRETION

• The process that rids the body of toxic chemicals, excess water, salts, and CO2

• Major Organs– Lungs (CO2)– Kidneys (Nitrogen waste (urea))– Skin (Water, Salts)

KIDNEYS KIDNEYS • Regulate the amount of water and

salts in blood plasma.• Blood filter-Nephrons

– Tiny tubes in the kidneys that produce urine

• Reabsorption and secretion-– Bowman’s capsule and renal

tubules• Urine formation- Ureters

– Tubes that carry urine to the urinary bladder

• Elimination of urine- Urethra– Tube that urine leaves the body

through• Male (penis) Female (Vagina)

Damage to the KIDNEYS Damage to the KIDNEYS • Diseases• Accidents• Infection, Diabetes, high blood pressure, body’s own immune system• Household chemicals

– Paint, Varnishes, Furniture oils, glues, aerosol sprays, air fresheners, lead

• When any of the above occur:– Toxic wastes such as urea, accumulate in the plasma and blood-

plasma ion levels increase to dangerous amounts.

Treatment to Kidney damage Treatment to Kidney damage • 1) Kidney Dialysis or 2) Kidney Transplant