Digestion Food: The easiest thing you will pass in school.
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Transcript of Digestion Food: The easiest thing you will pass in school.
DigestionFood: The easiest thing you will pass in school
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Table 41.2
Table 41.1
Figure 41.5
Mechanicaldigestion Chemical
digestion(enzymatichydrolysis)
Nutrient moleculesenter body cells
Undigestedmaterial
EliminationAbsorptionDigestionIngestion1 2 3 4
Liver
Salivaryglands
Gall-bladder
Esophagus
Pharynx
Oral cavity
Sphincter
Tongue
Pancreas
SmallintestineLargeintestine
RectumAnus
SphincterStomach
Duodenum ofsmall intestine
Figure 41.9a
Figure 41.9b
Mouth
Stomach
Esophagus
Pancreas
Schematic diagramAnusRectum
Largeintestine
SmallintestineLiver
Salivaryglands
Gall-bladder
Tongue
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
Bolus offood
Epiglottisup
EsophagealsphinctercontractedEsophagus
To lungs To stomach
Trachea
Figure 41.10-1
Tongue
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
Bolus offood
Epiglottisup
EsophagealsphinctercontractedEsophagus
To lungs To stomach
Trachea
Figure 41.10-2
Tongue
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
Bolus offood
Epiglottisup
EsophagealsphinctercontractedEsophagus
To lungs To stomach Relaxedmuscles
Contractedmuscles
Sphincterrelaxed
Stomach
Trachea
Figure 41.10-3
Gastric gland
Gastric pits oninterior surface
of stomach
Sphincter
Smallintestine
Epithelium
Mucous cell
Chief cell
Parietal cell
Chiefcell
Pepsinogen
Parietalcell
Pepsin
Folds ofepithelialtissue
Sphincter
Esophagus
Stomach
3
2
1
10
m
HCl
H
Cl
Figure 41.11
Figure 41.19a
Liver
Gallbladder
Food
Stomach
Duodenumof small intestine
Gastricjuices
Pancreas
1
Gastrin
Key
StimulationInhibition
Figure 41.19b
Bile
Chyme
CCK
HCO3, enzymes
Secretin
Key
StimulationInhibition
2
CCK
Figure 41.19c
Secretinand CCK
Gastricjuices
3
Key
StimulationInhibition
Figure 41.20
Transport ofglucose intobody cellsand storageof glucoseas glycogen
Breakdownof glycogenand releaseof glucoseinto blood
Homeostasis:70–110 mg glucose/100 mL blood
Stimulus:Blood glucose
level dropsbelow set point.
Pancreassecretesglucagon.
Stimulus:Blood glucose
level risesafter eating.
Pancreassecretesinsulin.
Figure 41.13a
Vein carryingblood to liver
Muscle layers
Villi
Intestinal wall
Largecircularfolds
Key
Nutrientabsorption
Key
Nutrientabsorption
Bloodcapillaries
Epithelialcells
VilliMicrovilli (brushborder) at apical(lumenal) surface
Epithelialcells
Lumen
Basalsurface
Lacteal
Lymphvessel
Figure 41.13b
Figure 41.14LUMENOF SMALLINTESTINE
Triglycerides
Epithelialcell Fatty acids
Mono-glycerides
Triglycerides
Chylomicron
Phospho-lipids,
cholesterol,and proteins
Lacteal
Figure 41.21
Satiety center
Ghrelin
Insulin
Leptin
PYY
Fat digestionNucleic acid digestion
Protein digestion
Fat (triglycerides)DNA, RNA
Nucleotides
Pancreaticnucleases
Pancreatic lipase
Glycerol, fatty acids,monoglycerides
Nucleotidases
Nucleosides
Nucleosidasesandphosphatases
Nitrogenous bases,sugars, phosphatesAmino acids
Dipeptidases, carboxy-peptidase, andaminopeptidase
Small peptides
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase
Smallerpolypeptides
Pancreatic trypsin andchymotrypsin
Small polypeptides
Proteins
Pepsin
Carbohydrate digestion
Polysaccharides Disaccharides
Salivary amylase
Smallerpolysaccharides
Maltose
Pancreatic amylases
Disaccharides
Disaccharidases
Monosaccharides
Smallintestine(enzymesfromepithelium)
Smallintestine(enzymesfrompancreas)
Stomach
Oral cavity,pharynx,esophagus
Figure 41.12-4