Digest Crim

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PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs. HON. DEMOSTHENES L. MAGALLANES Facts: On 13 January 1994, two informations for kidnapping for ransom with murder were filed with the RTC of Bacolod City against fourteen persons, five of whom are members of the PNP. In the late afternoon of August 6, 1992 and ending the late evening of the following day in Sitio Pedrosa, Alijis, Bacolod City, acting upon the inducement of spouses Dumancas, under the direction cooperation and undue influence, by P/Col. Torres, taking advantage of his position as Station Commander of the PNP, with the direct participation and cooperation of Abeto, other police officers, and civilian (police) agents also taking advantage of their respective positions, Geroche, concurring and affirming in the said criminal design, with the use of motor vehicle abduct, kidnap and detain RUFINO GARGAR, JR. and DANILO LUMANGYAO, failing in their common purpose to extort money shot and kill the victims, while being handcuffed and blindfolded then secretly bury the corpses in a shallow grave for concealing the crime of murder and to prevent discovery. Each of the accused pleaded not guilty upon arraignment. Later, they filed their respective motions for bail. Prosecution presented state witness Grandeza, the lone eyewitness. After his testimony, the trial court granted bail in favor of only six of the accused. Through this, the prosecution established that in response to the complaint of spouses Dumancas, P/Col. Torres instructed his men to look for Gargar and Lumangyao who were allegedly members of the group that had swindled the Dumancas spouses. Police Officer Lamis, together with civilian agents arrested and abducted the two swindling suspects. With Torres's order, the two suspects were brought to Dragon Lodge Motel and were investigated by Police Inspector Abeto and Police Officers. They were then taken to the Ceres Compound, where Dumancas identified Lumangyao as a member of the group that had swindled her. Thereafter, the two suspects were transferred to D' Hacienda Motel, then to Moonlit Inn, then to Casa Mel Lodge, and back to D' Hacienda Motel, where the two were shot and killed. The team went to P/Col. Torres and reported that the killing had been done. Trial court started to receive the evidence. Presentation of evidence by the other accused was, suspended because of the motions of several accused. Despite opposition, Judge voluntarily inhibited which were thereafter re- raffled to Branch 54. Private prosecutors moved for the transmittal of the records of the cases to the Sandiganbayan on the ground that the trial court has no jurisdiction. Which the State Prosecutor adopted. The trial court ruled that the Sandiganbayan does not have jurisdiction over the subject cases because the informations do not state that the offenses were committed in relation to the office of the accused PNP officers. Prosecution moved to reconsider but the trial court denied the motion. Upon motion of the prosecution, respondent Judge voluntarily inhibited himself cases were then re-raffled to Branch 49. Prosecution, filed a petition for certiorari , prohibition, and mandamus with a prayer for a temporary restraining order challenging

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Transcript of Digest Crim

Page 1: Digest Crim

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs.HON. DEMOSTHENES L. MAGALLANES

Facts:On 13 January 1994, two informations for kidnapping for ransom with murder were filed with the RTC of 

Bacolod City against fourteen persons, five of whom are members of the PNP. In the late afternoon of August 6, 1992 and ending the late evening of the following day in Sitio Pedrosa, Alijis, Bacolod City, acting upon the inducement  of   spouses  Dumancas,  under   the direction cooperation and undue  influence,  by  P/Col.  Torres, taking advantage of his position as Station Commander of the PNP, with the direct participation and cooperation of Abeto, other police officers, and civilian (police) agents also taking advantage of their respective positions, Geroche, concurring and affirming in the said criminal design, with the use of motor vehicle abduct, kidnap and detain RUFINO GARGAR, JR. and DANILO LUMANGYAO, failing in their common purpose to extort money shot and kill the victims, while being handcuffed and blindfolded then secretly bury the corpses in a shallow grave for concealing   the   crime  of  murder   and   to   prevent   discovery.   Each   of   the   accused  pleaded  not   guilty   upon arraignment. Later, they filed their respective motions for bail. Prosecution presented state witness Grandeza, the lone eyewitness. After his testimony, the trial court granted bail in favor of only six of the accused.

Through this,   the  prosecution established that   in   response to   the complaint  of  spouses  Dumancas, P/Col. Torres instructed his men to look for Gargar and Lumangyao who were allegedly members of the group that  had  swindled   the  Dumancas   spouses.  Police  Officer   Lamis,   together  with  civilian  agents  arrested  and abducted the two swindling suspects. With Torres's order, the two suspects were brought to Dragon Lodge Motel and  were investigated by Police Inspector Abeto and Police Officers. They were then taken to the Ceres Compound,   where   Dumancas   identified   Lumangyao   as   a  member   of   the   group   that   had   swindled   her. Thereafter, the two suspects were transferred to D' Hacienda Motel, then to Moonlit Inn, then to Casa Mel Lodge, and back to D' Hacienda Motel, where the two were shot and killed. The team went to P/Col. Torres and reported that the killing had been done. Trial court started to receive the evidence. Presentation of evidence by the  other   accused  was,   suspended  because  of   the  motions  of   several   accused.  Despite  opposition,   Judge voluntarily inhibited which were thereafter re-raffled to Branch 54.

Private prosecutors moved for the transmittal of the records of the cases to the Sandiganbayan on the ground that the trial court has no jurisdiction. Which the State Prosecutor adopted. The trial court ruled that the Sandiganbayan does not have jurisdiction over the subject cases because the informations do not state that the offenses were committed in relation to the office of the accused PNP officers.  Prosecution moved to reconsider but the trial court denied the motion. Upon motion of the prosecution, respondent Judge voluntarily inhibited himself   cases   were   then   re-raffled   to   Branch   49.   Prosecution,   filed   a   petition   for certiorari,   prohibition, and mandamus with a prayer for a temporary restraining order challenging the refusal of the respondent Judge to transfer the cases to the Sandiganbayan.

Issue:WON the RTC has Jurisdiction and not the sandigangbayan.

Held:Jurisdiction of a court is determined by the law in force at the time of the commencement of the action. 

Jurisdiction once acquired is not affected by subsequent legislative enactment placing jurisdiction in another tribunal. It remains with the court until the case is finally tertninated. In the instant case, the Sandiganbayan has not yet acquired jurisdiction over the subject criminal cases, as the informations were filed before the Regional Trial Court. 

For the Sandiganbayan to have exclusive original jurisdiction over offenses or felonies committed by public   officers   or   employees   it   is   not   enough   that   the  penalty   prescribed   therefor   is   higher   than   prision correccional  or  imprisonment for  six  years,  or  a fine of  P6,000.00;   it   is  also necessary that the offenses or felonies were committed in relation to their office. An offense may be considered as committed in relation to the office if it cannot exist without the office, or if the office is a constituent element of the crime as defined in the statute.  Offense  must  be   intimately   connected  with   the  office  of   the  offender,   and   that   the  offense  was committed in relation to the office must be alleged in the information. 

It   is   an   elementary   rule   that   jurisdiction   is   determined   by   the   allegations   in   the   complaint   or information, and not by the result of evidence after trial. The allegation of ‘taking advantage of his position" or "taking advantage of their respective positions" incorporated in the informations is not sufficient to bring the 

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offenses within the definition of "offenses committed in relation to public office." Such was considered merely as an allegation of an aggravating circumstance, and not as one that qualifies the crime as having been committed in relation to public office. But the use or abuse of office does not adhere to the crime as an element; and even as   an   aggravating   circumstance,   its  materiality   arises,   from   the  manner   of   the   commission   of   the   crime. Accordingly, for lack of an allegation in the informations that the offenses were committed in relation to the office of the accused PNP officers or were  intimately connected with the discharge of the functions of the accused,   the   subject   cases   come   within   the   jurisdiction   of   the   Regional   Trial   Court   and   not   of   the Sandiganbayan. 

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THE UNITED STATES, plaintiff-appellee,vs.GREGORIO JIMENEZ, defendant-appellant.Facts:

On or about November 20, 1918, in the city of Manila, said accused, being then the motorman and person in charge of electric car No. 150, ran and operated said car along Calle P. Burgos in the city, in a careless, negligent, and imprudent manner, giving it a greater speed than traffic conditions permitted and without taking the proper precautions in order to avoid accidents to life and damages to property, thereby causing his car to strike and knock down a boy named Aurelio Ibañes, who as a result thereof lost his left arm, and suffered the consequent injuries which will require medical assistance for a period of more than thirty days and incapacitate him permanently for manual labor.

Brief for the appellant having been presented, Attorney-General asks in his motion that the cause be dismissed in order that the accused may be tried by a competent court, it being alleged that the Court of First Instance lacked jurisdiction over the case.

Issue:WON the CFI lack jurisdiction over the case charged in the information

Held:In order to determine the jurisdiction of the court in criminal cases, the complaint must be examined for 

the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the court in which the complaint is presented. If the facts set out in the complaint are sufficient to show that the court in which the complaint is presented has jurisdiction, then the court has  jurisdiction.    A careful  examination of the  information shows that the facts therein stated would constitute, had malice been present, the crime of lesiones graves punished with a correctional penalty, that is, with  prision  correccional.  As  alleged  in   the   information there  was   reckless   imprudence  which   imposes   the penalty of arresto mayor in its minimum and medium degree. It therefore results that the penalty which the law fixed upon the criminal act complained of in the information cannot exceed four months of arresto mayor, and, therefore, the Court of First Instance, had no original jurisdiction of the case by reason of its subject-matter. The crime of lesiones graves committed with reckless imprudence does not fall within the original jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance, as it is punished with arresto mayor in its minimum and medium degree

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JAIME HERNANDEZ, Petitioner-Appellant, vs. DELFIN ALBANO, ET AL., respondents-appellees.

Facts:Sometime in March, 1959, Congressman Delfin Albano sent to the city fiscal of Manila two unsworn 

letters denouncing petitioner's interest in the Bicol Electric Co., University of Nueva Caceres University of the East, DMG Corporation, and Rural Bank of Nueva Caceres. These gave rise to the docketing in the office of the city  fiscal  of  five  separate  cases  charging  him with   the violation of  Article  216 of   the  Revised Penal  Code, Commonwealth Act No. 626, and Republic Act No. 265. These charges were assigned for investigation. At the initial hearing petitioner moved for the dismissal but the motion was denied, and so were the two motions for reconsideration. Petitioner filed with the CFI of Manila an action for prohibition with preliminary  injunction against respondents to prohibit them from conducting the preliminary investigation of the five charges. After due   hearing,   trial   court   rendered   decision   upholding   the   authority   of   respondents   fiscals   to   conduct   the preliminary investigation and it dismissed the petition. Thus this appeal.

Issue:WON the fiscal could be restrained from proceeding with the investigation of the charges against Hernandez

Held:The city fiscal and his assistants, in the same manner as provincial fiscals, are vested with the power and 

authority to investigate all charges of crimes and violations of ordinances irrespective of whether the person who complains is the offended party or not. Provisions do not require that a sworn written complaint be first filed before the city fiscal  in order that he may investigate the case complained of,  except of course if  the offense is one which cannot be prosecuted de oficio, or is private in nature, or when it pertains to those cases which need to be enforced by specified public officers. The charges involved in these cases do not come within the two classes of offenses above-referred to, therefore they do not need to be initiated by a sworn complaint in order that they may be investigation by the city fiscal.  Section 2465 of the Revised Administrative Code, as amended by Commonwealth Act No. 537, provides that 'The Fiscal of the city shall cause to be investigated all charges   of   crimes,  misdemeanours,   and   violations   of   ordinances,   and   have   the   necessary   information   or complaints prepared or made against the persons accused.'

 Contention that the trial court erred in ruling that the complaint contemplated in Section 2, Rule 106 is the one filed in court because it is the one prepared after the preliminary investigation is conducted by the prosecuting official is untenable. This ruling is but a sequel to our interpretation above set out to the effect that,  with the exception of the two cases already mentioned, a sworn written complaint is not necessary to be filed in the office of the fiscal before he can start the required preliminary investigation preparatory to the filing of a formal charge.

‘complaint' which must conform with the requirements of Section 2, Rule 106 is the one filed in Court and not the one filed for purposes of preliminary investigation before the City Fiscal is further clarified by the provision of Section 38-C of the Revised Charter of Manila 

Since the provision of law clearly shows that the preliminary investigation precedes the filing of the complaint  which   is  what   is  defined  and  mentioned   in   the  Rules  of  Court,   the  charge  filed  by   respondent Congressman Albano which was not the result of the preliminary investigation but started it need not conform to the definition of complaint in the Rules of Court.