Major Schools of Economic Theory Adam Smith, father Of modern economics.
Different World Economies Economic Geography. Adam Smith Adam Smith (1723-1790) is considered the...
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Transcript of Different World Economies Economic Geography. Adam Smith Adam Smith (1723-1790) is considered the...
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Different World Economies
Economic Geography
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Adam SmithAdam Smith (1723-1790) is considered the father of modern economic theory
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Wealth of Nations
Smith held that the wealth of a nation, what we today call the income of a nation, depends upon (1) the productivity of labor and (2) the proportion of laborers who are usefully employed. Because he assumed that the economy will automatically achieve full employment of its resources, he examined only those forces that determine the capacity of the nation to produce goods and services.
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Karl Marx
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Co-author
The Communist Manifesto
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Communist Manifesto
For Marx, an ideal economic system would involve exchanges of equal value for equal value, where value is determined simply by the amount of work put into whatever is being produced.
A bicycle takes 1 hour to makeA car takes 100 hours to make
Therefore a car is worth 100 bikes
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Traditional Economies
Rural, non-developed countries Some parts of Asia, Africa, South
America and the Middle East Customs govern the economic
decisions that are made Technology is not used in
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Traditional Economies Farming, hunting and gathering
are done the same way as the generation before
Economic activities are usually centered toward the family or ethnic unit
Men and Women are given different economic roles and tasks
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Subsistence Agriculture self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed their families.
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Cottage Industry
Small scale industries based in the home.
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Command Economies The government or other central
authority makes decisions and determines how resources will be used
Change can occur relatively easily There is little individual freedom There is no competition Businesses are not run to create a profit
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Command Economies
Consumers have few chooses in the market place
Factories are concerned with quotas Shortages are common because of
poorly run factories and farms The government dictates the job in
which you work
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Command Economies The government sets the prices of goods
and services
Examples of command economies: Cuba, North Korea and the People’s Republic of China
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Market Economies Resources are owned and controlled by
individuals Economic decisions are made by
individuals competing to earn profits Individual freedom is considered very
important Economic decisions are made by the basic
principals of supply and demand Profit is the motive for increasing work
rather than quotas
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Market Economies
Also called capitalist economies
There are many economic freedoms
There is competition among businesses
Competition determines price which increase the quality of the product
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Mixed Economies Government and individuals share the
decision making process Government guides and regulates
production of goods and services offered Individuals own means of production Protects consumers and workers from
unfair policies
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Four Types of Economics Traditional Economies Command Economies Market Economies Mixed Economies
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