Different Kinds of Plants

8/2/2019 Different Kinds of Plants

1/14

Different Kinds of Plants

Annual, Perennial and Biennial plants

Annuals

Plants that live for one year or less are categorized into annuals. In short, annuals are seasonal floweringplants that bear flowers only for three to four months. Cultivated through seeds, annuals grow, bloom,

make more seeds, and die; the entire cycle being carried out in one years time. These plants generally

find their place in gardens as they add color, effect, and change the entire layout.

Examples: Asters, dianthus, bachelor button, phlox, balsam, basil, cosmos, petunia, marigold, salvias,

watermelon, pea and lettuce.

Watermelon Asters Marigold

Biennials

Biennials are plants that last for two years. Their cycle of growing from seed to fruition, including

blooming and death, takes place over a period of two years. Just like annuals, biennials are also seasonal

flowering plants, though they flower only during the second year of planting. Some biennials are short-

lived perennials.

Examples: Foxglove, Echium wildpretti, parsely, carrot, celery, and mustard.

Carrots Mustard Foxglove

Perennials

The perennial has been derived from the Latin term perennis, which means many years. Flowering

plants that live for years and bear flowers season after season are called perennials. These plants, once

planted, need not be replanted every year. Most of them start bearing flowers after two years when

they are old enough to bloom. However, if you wish to change the layout of your garden frequently or

occasionally, perennials should not be your pick.


2/14

Examples: Bleeding heart, water lily, gerbera, geranium, anthurium, spearmint, sage, borage, sweet

potato, tomato and gingerroot.

Water Lily Bleeding Heart Tomato

Epiphytic Plants

They depend on other plants for support growing on trunks and branches. They are also dubbed air

plants. Though they are not parasitic, they can be deleterious to their hosts. They have an advantage

over plants growing on the ground as they have a relatively better access to sunlight. They obtainnutrients from the air or water around them. They use photosynthesis for the process of nutrition.

Examples: Mosses and orchids

Pitcher Plants

They are carnivorous plants. Pitcher plant is also called a meat eater. They normally grow in marshlands,

bogs and areas of waterlogged, acidic and nitrogen poor soil. They get their nitrogen intake by eating

insects. They usually bear a single, large and nodding flower. The insect traps of a pitcher plant can be

quite large and attractive. The inside of the tubular shaped leaf is lined with downward pointing hairs,

which block an insect from climbing up the tube and escaping. The fluid in the bottom of the tube

contains digestive juices that will ingest the insect prey. They will also consume small frogs and

occasionally mice and small birds. They can also absorb nutrients through their root systems.


3/14

Desert Plants

These plants are adapted to the arid and hostile environment of a desert. These plants have the

capability to store water. They also have the ability to use water efficiently. They usually have few or no

leaves, which greatly reduce transpiration. Desert perennial species survive by being dormant during dry

periods of the year. They spring to life when water becomes available. Plant species like cacti and

succulents, have dense flesh which is capable of storing large amounts of water. Several plants have

developed the typical spikes and spines to prevent them from being eaten by animals.

Shrubs

Flowering shrubs are those that flower almost throughout the year and will have bushy shape and size.

Flowering shrubs provide a long-lived, low-fuss, eye-fetching framework in any garden design. And their

rich array of form, foliage, fruit, and flowers can yield year-round rewards.

Examples: Mosanda, Pentas,Ixora, Hibiscus, Lantana

Pentas Ixora Mosanda


4/14

Ornamental shrubs : Ornamentals are those which will not flower but are best for their evergreen

foliage, shapes and ornamental look. These can be trimmed or trained into various shapes and sizes.

Examples: Juniperus, Tuja compacta, Eranthemum, Aralia, Acalypha Hispida, and Crotons

Crotons Juniperus Tuja compacta

Flowering and Ornamental Trees

Tress can be flowering trees, fruit trees, shade trees, ornamentals etc. Some attractive

dwarf/medium height flowering trees or ornamental trees would be ideal for a home

garden. Like, Cornus Florida (Flowering Dogwood), Magnolia, Hydrangea Paniculata,

Cassia fistula, Jacaranda, Tecoma argentea, Cassia javanica etc. Trees take a number

of years to mature. Shade trees and ornamentals grow on a framework of older

branches and need only infrequent maintenance pruning. Flowering trees can be

pruned after flowering or fruition.

Creepers & Climbers

Creepers : These plants can be grown along the top of the compound wall or as a cover for walls, or at

the entrance as an arch.

Examples: Bignonia venusta, allamanda, passiflora (fashion flower), Jacquemontia, Bougainvilleas

Bougainvilleas Bignonia venusta Allamanda
http://www.webindia123.com/garden/types.htmhttp://www.webindia123.com/garden/types.htm


5/14

Climbers : These are the plants with soft stems that grow only with a support. They rely on something

else for support; another plant, a wall or trellis. Different types of climbers have devised many crafty

ways to hold on to whatever they grasp.

Examples are Clerodendrum thomsoniae (Bleeding Heart), Cissus rhombifolia (Grape Ivy), Jasminum

multipartitum (Starry Wild Jasmine), Clematis montana (Clematis) etc.

Bleeding heart Grape Ivy

BulbsBulbs are specific stem structures that are planted beneath the soil and always stay underground. The

roots grow downwards from the bulb, while the stem and the leaves move upwards. Bulb plants grow,

flower, the leaves remain for some time and disappear for the next complete year. Common examples

are daffodils, tulips, and bluebells. Bulbs are further categorized into real bulbs, corms, and tubers and

tuberous roots. Real bulbs are created in layers with an outer scale, such as onion, tulip, and lily. Corms

appear to be bulbs from outside though they have a different structure within, such as crocus and

gladiolus. Tubers and tuberous roots bear stems or roots that store food. Examples include potato,

dahlia, and tuberous begonia.

Tulips Bluebells Daffodils

Plants in Different Habitats

Hydrophytes (Aquatic Plants)

Aquatic plants or Hydrophytes are plants which grow in regions where there is plenty of water like,

ponds, lake, river, and marshes or in wet soils. The aquatic habitats can be further classified in to fresh

water habitat, sea or marine habitat, lentic habitats includes lakes and ponds, lotic habitat includes


6/14

streams and rivers experience. The plants experiences several physical factors and have developed

several adaptation accordingly to survive in these habitats. The factors which affect the plants in these

habitats are availability of O2 and light, pressure fluctuations in water, resistance against moving water,

altered salt concentration, etc. Plants living in aquatic habitats includes, free floating hydrophytes,

floating but rooted hydrophytes, submerged hydrophytes (floating and rooted), and amphibious

hydrophytes.

Examples: Eichhornia, Pistia, Wolffia, Lemna Victoria regia, Nymphaea, Nelumbium, Marsilea,

Ceratophyllum, Utricularia, Hydrilla, Vallisneria, Potamogeton, Limnophylla heterophylla, Typha,

Sagittaria.

Nelumbium Eichhornia

Xerophytes

Plants, which grow in xeric conditions or dry habitats, are called xerophytes. Xeric habitats are the places

where available water is not present in adequate quantity. Xeric habitats are further classified into three

types physically dry habitats (Desert, Rock surface), physiologically dry habitats, and physically and

physiologically dry habitat (Slopes of mountains). Plants in dry habitats are generally classified into three

types namely Drought escaping plants (Drought evaders), Drought Enduring Xerophytes (Succulents),

and Drought resisting plants (Non- succulent perennial)

Examples: Solanum xanthocarpum, Argemone mexicana, Cassia tora, Agave, Aloe, Euphorbia, Opuntia,

Asparagus, Opuntia.

Asparagus Cassia Tora


7/14

Mesophytes (Terrestrial Plant)

Common land plants are known as mesophytes, they grow in situations which are neither too wet nor

too dry. These plants cannot grow in habitats of more water or they survive in dry places. Mesophytes

survive in habitats like forests habitat, grassland habitat, crop land habitats, meadows etc.

Mesophytes are classified into two main community groups, namely, communities of grasses and herbs

and communities ofwoody plants.

Aerial Plants

Aerial Plants are plants that live in air or wind the wind serves as the water of the plants . Epiphytic

plants are also known as air plants and staghorn ferns, orchids and bromeliads are the most well known.

Bromeliads Staghorn Ferns

Litophytes

Lithophytes are a type of plant that grows in or on rocks. Lithophytes feed off moss, nutrients in rain

water, litter, and even their own dead tissue.

Examples of lithophytes include several Paphiopedilum orchids, the pitcher plant, Nepenthes

campanulata, and several Utricularia species.

Nepenthes Utricularia


8/14

Spore Bearing Plants

Algae, mosses, ferns and their genus all reproduce by means of spores. These are minute and are

formed inside the sporangia that look like fine powder. Each spore contains a small quantity of vital

genetic matter in a compact sheathe.

Algae

The simplest plant of this type is algae. They do not have leaves, stems or roots.

Algae thrive in a moist or wet environment. Many are tiny single celled plants,

but some seaweeds are huge.

Mosses

Mosses and most liverworts have simple stems and tiny, slender leaves. They can

be found growing on the plain land, on rocks, and on other plants. They

habitually live in mild, damp regions, but some can live in very cold places.

Ferns

Ferns are the most superior spore bearing type of plants. Many ferns grow in

cool, dry places but the largest ones are found in the hot, damp tropic regions.

Around 15,000 species of ferns are there in existence now according to scientific

researches

Flowering plants

Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of

inflorescence called a spadix. The spadixis usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in,a spathe or leaf-like bract. Also known as the Arum family, members are often colloquially known as

aroid.

Asteraceae or Compositae, (the aster, daisy, or sunflower family), comprise the largest family of

vascular plants. Most members of Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also shrubs,

vines and trees.Many economically important products come from composites, including cooking oils,

lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents, and teas. Several genera are also very popular


9/14

with the horticultural community, these include marigolds, chrysanthemums, dahlias, zinnias, and

heleniums.

Begoniaceae is a family of flowering plants. All but one of the species are in the genus Begonia. The only

other genus in the family, Hillebrandia, is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and has a single species.

Phylogenetic work supports Hillebrandia as the sister taxon to the rest of the family. The genus

Symbegonia has recently been reduced to a section ofBegonia as recent molecular phylogenies have

shown it to be derived from within that genus. Members of the genus Begonia are well-known and

popular houseplants.

Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which

superficially resemble grasses or rushes. While sedges may be found growing in all kinds of situations,

many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Features distinguishing members of the sedge

family from grasses or rushes are that members of the sedge family have stems with triangular cross-

sections, and their leaves are spirally arranged in three ranks (grasses have alternate leaves forming two

ranks).Some well-known sedges include the water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) and the papyrus sedge

(Cyperus papyrus), from which the Ancient Egyptian writing material was made. This family also includes

cotton-grass (Eriophorum), spike-rush (Eleocharis), sawgrass (Cladium), nutsedge or nutgrass (Cyperusrotundus, a common lawn weed), the large genus ofCarex, and white star sedge (Rhynchospora

colorata).

Ericaceae, the heath family or the heather family is a plant family, comprising mostly calcifuges (lime-

hating) plants that thrive in acidic soils. Many well-known plants of the Ericaceae live in temperate

climates, such as cranberry, blueberry, various heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, Calluna

vulgaris etc.), huckleberry, azalea and rhododendron. The Ericaceae consists of herbs, dwarf shrubs,

shrubs and trees with leaves that are usually alternate or whorled, simple and without stipules, and

hermaphrodite flowers.

Euphorbiaceae, the Spurge family are a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around7,500 species. Most are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are also shrubs or trees. Some are

succulent and resemble cacti.

The Fabaceae (or Leguminosae) are a large and economically important family of flowering plants,

which is commonly known as the legume family, pea family, bean family or pulse family. The largest

genera areAstragalus with more than 2,000 species,Acacia with more than 900 species, and Indigofera

with around 700 species. Other large genera include Crotalaria with 600 species and Mimosa with 500

species.The species of this family are found throughout the world, growing in many different

environments and climates. A number are important agricultural plants, including: Glycine

max(soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum sativum (pea), Cicer arietinum (chickpeas), Medicago sativa

(alfalfa),Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Ceratonia siliqua(carob), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), which

are among the best known members of Fabaceae. A number of species are also weedy pests in different

parts of the world, including: Cytisus scoparius (broom) and Pueraria lobata (kudzu), and a number of

Lupinus species.


10/14

Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the mint family, is a family of flowering plants. The plants are

frequently aromatic in all parts and include many widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint,

rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, thyme, lavender, and perilla.

Melastomataceae (alternatively Melastomaceae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants found

mostly in the tropics. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees. The leaves of

melastomes are somewhat distinctive, being opposite, decussate, and usually with 3-7 longitudinal veins

arising either from the base of the blade, plinerved (inner veins diverging above base of blade), or

pinnately nerved with three or more pairs of primary veins diverging from the mid-vein at successive

points above the base. Flowers are perfect, and borne either singly or in terminal or axillary, paniculate

cymes. A number of melastomes are regarded as invasive species once naturalized in tropical and

subtropical environments outside of their normal range. Examples are Koster's curse and Miconia

calvescens, but many other species are involved.

Moraceae often called the mulberry family or fig family are a family of flowering plants

comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical

regions, less so in temperate climates. Included are well-known plants such as the fig, banyan,

breadfruit, mulberry, and Osage-orange.

Orchidaceae, usually referred to as the orchid family. The family also includes Vanilla (the genus of the

vanilla plant), Orchis (type genus) and many commonly cultivated plants, such as Phalaenopsis and

Cattleya.

The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of eight genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs

and small trees, with the great majority of the 900 species in the genus Oxalis (wood sorrels). Members

of this family typically have divided leaves, the leaflets showing "sleep movements", spreading open in

light and closing in darkness.

Phyllanthaceae is a family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales. Some species ofAndrachne,Antidesma, Margaritaria, and Phyllanthus are in cultivation. A few species ofAntidesma,

Baccaurea, Phyllanthus, and Uapaca provide edible fruit. Some of the genera are poorly defined, and

the number of genera in the family is likely to change as the classification is further refined. The genus

Phyllanthus, one of the largest genera of flowering plants, with over 1200 species, has more than half of

the species in the family.

The Piperaceae, also known as the pepper family, is a large family of flowering plants. The group

contains roughly 3,610 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of peppers can be

found within the two main genera: Piper(2000 species) and Peperomia (1600 species).

Rosaceae (the rose family) are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 speciesin 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera areAlchemilla

(270), Sorbus (260), Crataegus (260), Cotoneaster(260), and Rubus (250). The largest genus by far is

Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds) with about 430 species. However, all of these

numbers should be seen as underestimates - much taxonomic work is left to be done here. Roses can be

herbs, shrubs or trees. Most species are deciduous, but some are evergreen. Several economically

important products come from Rosaceae, including many edible fruits (such as apples, apricots, plums,


11/14

cherries, peaches, pears, raspberries, and strawberries), almonds, and ornamental trees and shrubs

(such as roses, meadowsweets, photinias, firethorns, rowans, and hawthorns).

Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the madder family, bedstraw family or coffee

family. Other common plants included are gardenia, cinchona (whose bark contains quinine), sweet

woodruff, partridgeberry, gambier, ixora, and noni. Species are concentrated in warmer and tropical

climates around the world.

Solanaceae are a family of flowering plants that include a number of important agricultural crops as well

as many toxic plants. The family is also informally known as the nightshade - or potato family. The family

includes Datura (Jimson weed), Mandragora(mandrake), belladonna (deadly nightshade), Lycium

barbarum(Wolfberry), Physalis philadelphica (Tomatillo), Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry flower),

Capsicum (paprika, chili pepper), Solanum (potato, tomato, eggplant), Nicotiana (tobacco), and

Petunia.

Examples of Flowering Plants

FAMILY GENUS Pictures

ARACEAE(Arum Family)

Anthurium

ASTERACEAE(aster, daisy, or

sunflower family)Vernonia

BEGONIACEAE Begonia


12/14

CYPERACEAE

(sedges)

Carex

ERICACEAE(Heath or Heather

Family)

Erica

EUPHORBIACEAE(Spurge Family)

Euphorbia

FABACEAE(Legume Family) Astragalus

LAMIACEAE(Mint Family)

Salvia


13/14

MELASTOMATACEAE Miconia

MORACEAE(Fig Family)

Ficus

ORCHIDACEAE(Orchid Family)

Dendrobium

OXALIDACEAE(Wood Sorrel Family)

Oxalis

PHYLLANTHACEAE

Phyllanthus


14/14

PIPERACEAE(Pepper Family)

Peperomia

ROSACEAE(Rose Family)

Rosa

RUBIACEAE(Madder Family)

Psychotria

SOLANACEAE(Nightshade or Potato

Family)Solanum

Different Kinds of Plants

Documents

Transcript of Different Kinds of Plants