Dictionary 508

8122019 Dictionary 508

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulldictionary-508 164

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse

The DiabetesDictionaryThe DiabetesDictionary

US Department

of Health and

Human Services

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse





The DiabetesDictionary

Some terms listed have many meanings only those meanings that relate todiabetes are included Words that appear in bold italic are listed elsewherein the dictionary

Information in this dictionary is not a substitute for a visit to your doctorTalk with a health professional if you have a problem with your diabetes

The US Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercialproduct or company Trade proprietary or company names appearing inthis document are used only because they are considered necessary in the

context of the information provided If a product is not mentioned theomission does not mean or imply that the product is unsatisfactory

US Department

of Health and

Human Services




Pronunciation Guide

This pronunciation guide uses letters and letter combinations rather thanphonetic symbols to stand for the various sounds in the English language

Vowels

a cat batah f ather

air pear hairar parkay say came weigh

aw saw boughte bet set eh (used at the end of a syllable or when

standing alone)examples

meadow (MEH-doh)enemy (EH-nuh-mee) butdiet (DY-et)

ee f eet neati sit igloo ih (used at the end of a syllable or when

standing alone)

exampleschicken (CHIH-ken)miracle (MIHR-ih-kuhl) butpicnic (PIK-nik)

ihr near here

y f ire idol eye (used at the beginning of a syllable or

when standing alone)examplesiron (EYE-urn)chloride (KLOR-eyed) butsilent (S Y -luhnt)

o hot cotoh coat homeoo f ood rude

or tore soar f oroi soil boy

ou now couchu put f ootuh about sum china

ur hurt alert yoo use yoor cure

Consonantsb bat job

ch chop itch

d dig bed

f f ur tough calf

g grape bigh happy

j joke nudge

k k ite car tackl lip sell

m move jam

n not kneeng ring

p play hop

r rain fur

s set tips

ss bus guess fencesh sh y fish

t toy boat

th breath

v vine ha ve w w alk where y yesz zip jazz has

zh measure



1

A acesulfame potassium ( AY-see-

SUHL-faym) (poh-TASS-ee-uhm) a dietary sweetener

with no calories and nonutritional value Also knownas acesulfame-K (Brand name Sunett)

Actoplus Met (AK-toh-pluhss)(met) the brand name of anoral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes a combination of pioglitazone and metformin

Actos (AK-tohss) see pioglitazone

acute (uh-KYOOT) describessomething that happenssuddenly and for a short timeOpposite of chronic or long-lasting

acute renal failure (uh-KYOOT)(REE-nuhl) (FAYL-yoor)

sudden and temporary loss of kidney function See chronic

kidney disease

adhesive capsulitis (ad-HEE-siv)(KAP-soo-LY-tiss) a conditionof the shoulder associated with diabetes that results in pain andloss of the ability to move theshoulder in all directions

adult-onset diabetes (uh-DUHLT- AWN-set) (DY-uh-BEE-teez) former term for type 2 diabetes

acanthosis nigricans (ak-an-THOH-siss) (NIG-rih-kanz) askin condition characterizedby darkened skin patchescommon in people whose bodyis not responding correctly tothe insulin they make in their

pancreas a condition calledinsulin resistance This skincondition is also seen in people

who have prediabetes or type 2

diabetes

acarbose (A-kahr-bohss) an oralmedicine used to treat type 2

diabetes Acarbose slows downthe digestion of foods highin carbohydrate such as ricebread milk and fruit Theresult is a slower and lowerrise in blood glucose throughoutthe day especially right aftermeals Acarbose belongs to the

class of medicines called alpha- glucosidase inhibitors (Brandname Precose)

ACE inhibitor (ayss) (in-HIB-ih-tur)an oral medicine that lowers blood pressure ACE standsfor angiotensin-converting

enzyme For people with diabetes especially those who have protein (albumin) in the urine it alsohelps slow down kidney damage



A

AGEs (AY-JEE-EEZ) standsfor advanced glycosylation endproducts AGEs are producedin the body when glucose links

with protein They play a role indamaging blood vessels which canlead to diabetes complications

albumin (al-BYOO-min) the main protein in blood Over several years people who are developingdiabetic kidney disease leaksmall amounts of albumininto the urine a conditioncalled microalbuminuria As

kidney disease progressesmore albumin leaks intothe urine a condition calledmacroalbuminuria or proteinuria

As the amount of albumin inthe urine increases the kidneysrsquo

ability to filter the blooddecreases

albuminuria (al-BYOO-min-YOOree-uh) a condition in whichthe urine has more than normalamounts of a protein called albumin Albuminuria may bea sign of nephropathy or kidney

disease See albumin

alpha cell (AL-fuh) (sel) a typeof cell in the pancreas Alphacells make and release a hormone

called glucagon The bodysends a signal to the alpha cellsto make glucagon when blood

glucose falls too low Then

glucagon reaches the liver whereit tells the liver to release glucose

into the blood for energy

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

(AL-fuh-gloo-KOH-sih-dayss)(in-HIB-ih-tur) a class of oralmedicine for type 2 diabetes that

slows down the digestion offoods high in carbohydrate suchas rice bread milk and fruitThe result is a slower and lowerrise in blood glucose after meals(Generic namesBrand names acarbosePrecose miglitolGlyset)

alternative site testingusingareas of the body other than

the fingertips for blood glucose

monitoring

Amaryl (AM-uh-ril) see glimepiride

amputate (AM-pyoo-tayt) to cut

a part such as a foot from thebody

2



A

amylin (AM-ih-lin) a hormone

formed by beta cells in the pancreas Amylin regulates thetiming of glucose release intothe bloodstream after eatingby slowing the emptying of thestomach

amylin mimetic (AM-ih-lin) (mihMET-ik) a type of injectablemedicine for diabetes that mimicsthe effect of the hormone amylin This medicine helpsfood move more slowly throughthe stomach and helps keep

the liver from releasing stored glucose (Generic nameBrandname pramlintide acetate

Symlin)

amyotrophy (uh-my-OT-roh-fee)a type of neuropathy resulting inpain weakness or wasting in

the musclesanemia (uh-NEE-mee-uh) a

condition in which the numberof red blood cells is less thannormal resulting in less oxygencarried to the bodyrsquos cells

Anemia can cause extremefatigue

angiopathy (AN-jee-OP-uh-thee)any disease of the blood vessels

(arteries capillaries veins) or lymphatic vessels

antibodies (AN-tee-BOD-eez) proteins made by the body toprotect itself from foreignsubstances such as bacteriaor viruses People get type 1

diabetes when their bodies makeantibodies that destroy the

bodyrsquos own insulin-making beta cells

A1C (AY-WUHN-SEE) a test thatmeasures a personrsquos average blood glucose level over the past2 to 3 months Hemoglobin isthe part of a red blood cell that

carries oxygen to the cells andsometimes joins with the glucose

in the bloodstream Also called hemoglobin A1C or glycosylated

hemoglobin the test shows theamount of glucose that sticksto the red blood cell which isproportional to the amount of

glucose in the blood Results aregiven as a percentage or as anaverage glucose value called an estimated average glucose

Apidra (uh-PEE-druh) see insulin

glulisine

ARB (arb) an oral medicine that

lowers blood pressure ARBstands for angiotensin receptorblocker For people with diabetes especially those whohave protein (albumin) in the urine it also helps slow down kidney damage

3



A

arteriosclerosis (ar-TIHRee-oh-sklur-OH-siss) see atherosclerosis

artery (AR-tur-ee) a large blood

vessel that carries blood withoxygen from the heart to all

parts of the bodyaspartame (ASS-par-taym) a

dietary sweetener with almost no calories and no nutritional value

atherosclerosis (ATH-ur-oh-sklurOH-siss) clogging narrowingand hardening of the bodyrsquos

large blood vessels also called arteries Atherosclerosis can leadto coronary heart disease heart

attacks peripheral arterial disease

strokes and transient ischemic

attacks It can also damage thearteries that go to the kidneys

A healthy blood vessel

A narrowed blood vessel

athletersquos foot (ATH-leets) (fut)a fungal infection of the skinon the foot also called tinea

pedis The fungus is common inpeople with diabetes the elderlyand people with an impairedimmune system The skin may

peel crack bleed or cause painSome people have no symptomsand do not know they have aninfection The affected skin isalso more vulnerable to bacteriathat cause cellulitis

Common Types of Athletersquos Foot

bull moccasin whichaffectsthesoles of the feet

bull interdigital whichaffectstheskin between the toes

bull inflammatoryorblistering which affects the soles and

sides of the feet

autoimmune disease (AW-toh-ih-MYOON) (dih-ZEEZ) adisorder of the bodyrsquos immune

system in which the immunesystem mistakenly attacks anddestroys body tissue it believes to

be foreign

4



AndashB

autonomic neuropathy (AW-tohNOM-ik) (noo-ROP-uh-thee) atype of neuropathy affecting thelungs heart stomach intestinesbladder or genitals

Avandamet (uh-VAN-duh-met) the

brand name of an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes acombination of rosiglitazone and metformin

Avandaryl (uh-VAN-duh-ril) thebrand name of an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes acombination of rosiglitazone and glimepiride

Avandia (uh-VAN-dee-uh) see rosiglitazone

background retinopathy (BAKground) (RET-ih-NOP-uh-thee)a type of damage to the retina

of the eye marked by bleedingfluid accumulation andabnormal dilation of the blood

vessels Background retinopathy

is an early stage of diabetic retinopathy Also called simpleor nonproliferative retinopathy

basal rate (BAY-suhl) (rayt) acontinuous supply of low levelsof longer-acting insulin as usedin insulin pumps

beta cell (BAY-tuh) (sel) a cellthat makes insulin Beta cellsare located in the islets of the pancreas

biguanide (by-GWAH-nyd) aclass of oral medicine used totreat type 2 diabetes that lowers

blood glucose by reducing theamount of glucose produced bythe liver This type of medicinealso helps treat insulin resistance

a condition in which the bodydoesnrsquot use insulin the way itshould (Generic namesBrandnames metforminGlucophage

Glucophage XR Riomet)

5



B

blood glucose (bluhd) (GLOOkohss) the main sugar found inthe blood and the bodyrsquos mainsource of energy Also called blood sugar

blood glucose level (bluhd)

(GLOO-kohss) (LEV-uhl) theamount of glucose in a givenamount of blood In the UnitedStates blood glucose levels arenoted in milligrams per deciliteror mgdL

blood glucose meter (bluhd)(GLOO-kohss) (MEE-tur) asmall portable machine usedby people with diabetes to checktheir blood glucose levels Afterpricking the skin with a lancet

one places a drop of blood on atest strip in the machine Themeter then displays the blood

glucosereading

Blood glucose meter

blood glucose monitoring (bluhd)(GLOO-kohss) (MON-ih-TURing) checking blood glucose levels

by using a blood glucose meter

or blood glucose test strips thatchange color when touched by ablood sample in order to manage

diabetes

blood pressure the force of bloodexerted on the inside walls of blood vessels Blood pressure isexpressed as two numbers Forexample a blood pressure resultof 12080 is said as ldquo120 over

80rdquo The first number is the systolic pressure or the pressure when the heart pushes blood intothe arteries The second numberis the diastolic pressure or thepressure when the heart rests

blood sugar see blood glucose

blood sugar level see blood glucose level

blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (bluhd)(yoo-REE-uh) (NY-troh-jen) a

waste product in the blood thatcomes from the breakdown of protein The kidneys filter blood

to remove urea As kidneyfunction decreases the BUNlevel increases

6



7

Bblood vessels (bluhd) (VESS-uhlz)

tubes that carry blood to andfrom all parts of the body Thethree main types of blood vesselsare arteries capillaries and veins

BMI see body mass index

To find BMI Multiply body weight in pounds

by 703 Divide that number by height in

inches Divide that number by height in inches

again Find the resulting number below

18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese

body mass index (BMI) a measureused to evaluate body weight

relative to a personrsquos heightBMI is used to find out if aperson is underweight normal

weight overweight or obese

body tissue a group of cells in thebody that performs a specificfunction

bolus (BOH-luhss) an extraamount of insulin taken to coveran expected rise in blood glucose often related to a meal or snack

borderline diabetes (BOR-dur-lyn) (DY-uh-BEE-teez) aformer term for type 2 diabetes or prediabetes

brittle diabetes (BRIH-tuhl)(DY-uh-BEE-teez) a term used

when a personrsquos blood glucose level moves often from low tohigh and from high to low

BUN (BEE-YOO-EN) see blood

urea nitrogen

bunion (BUHN-yuhn) a bulgeon the first joint of the big toe

caused by the swelling of a fluidsac under the skin This spot canbecome red sore and infected

Byetta (by-YAY-tuh) see exenatide



C

callus (KAL-uhss) a small areaof skin usually on the foot thathas become thick and hard fromrubbing or pressure

calorie a unit representing theenergy provided by food

Carbohydrate fat protein andalcohol provide calories in thediet Carbohydrate and proteinhave 4 calories per gram fat has9 calories per gram and alcoholhas 7 calories per gram

Candida (KAN-did-uh) a fungusthat is normally found in thebody but commonly becomesovergrown in people with diabetes Overgrowth is due toincreased sugar in the body anda weakened immune system Useof antibiotics or birth controlpills also increases the risk of

candida overgrowthCandida

overgrowth can lead to infectioncausing itching skin lesions orrash Some common areas ofinfection are in or around themouth armpits groin vaginaand nails

CAPD (SEE-AY-PEE-DEE) see

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis under dialysis

capillary (KAP-ih-lair-ee) thesmallest of the bodyrsquos blood

vessels Oxygen and glucose passthrough capillary walls and enterthe cells Waste products suchas carbon dioxide pass back fromthe cells into the blood through

capillaries

capsaicin (kap-SAY-ih-sin) aningredient in hot peppers thatcan be found in ointment formfor use on the skin to relievepain from diabetic neuropathy

carbohydrate (KAR-boh-HYdrayt) one of the three mainnutrients in food Foods thatprovide carbohydrate are starches vegetables fruits dairyproducts and sugars

Sources of carbohydrate

8



C

carbohydrate counting (KAR-bohHY-drayt) (KOUN-ting) amethod of meal planning forpeople with diabetes based oncounting the number of grams of carbohydrate in food

cardiologist (KAR-dee-OL-oh-jist)a doctor who treats people whohave heart problems

cardiovascular disease (KAR-deeoh-VASS-kyoo-lur) (dih-ZEEZ)disease of the heart and blood

vessels (arteries capillaries and veins)

carpal tunnel syndrome (KARpuhl) (TUHN-uhl) (SINdrohm) a common form of neuropathy occurring with diabetes Symptoms of carpaltunnel syndrome includenighttime hand tingling and pain

and numbness and weaknessin the hand and wrist thatsometimes radiates up the armCarpal tunnel syndrome oftenaffects both wrists and occursmore often in women than men

cataract (KAT-uh-rakt) clouding

of the lens of the eyeCCPD see continuous cycling

peritoneal dialysis under dialysis

CDE see certified diabetes educator

celiac disease (SEE-lee-ak) (dih-ZEEZ) the inability to digestand absorb proteins called glutenfound in wheat rye and barleyCeliac disease causes damage tothe lining of the small intestineand prevents absorption of

nutrients Also called celiacsprue gluten intolerance andnontropical sprue

cellulitis (SEL-yoo-LY-tiss) a skininfection caused by bacteriathat gets into the skin through a

wound Cellulitis may develop

from skin problems such as ulcers eczema psoriasis or afungal infection like athletersquos foot

People with diabetes peripheral

arterial disease or a weakenedimmune system may developcellulitis If not treated withantibiotics the infection can

spread to the blood or lymphnodes and cause death

cerebral vascular disease (sehREE-bruhl) (VASS-kyoo-lur)(dih-ZEEZ) damage to blood

vessels in the brain Vesselscan burst and bleed or become

clogged with fatty deposits A stroke results when blood flowis interrupted and brain cellsdie or are damaged

9



C

certified diabetes educator (CDE)

(SER-tih-fyd) (DY-uh-BEEteez) (EH-juh-KAY-tur) ahealth care professional withexpertise in diabetes education

who has met eligibilityrequirements and successfully

completed a certification examSee diabetes educator

CGMS see continuous glucose

monitoring system

Charcotrsquos foot (SHAHR-kohz)(fut) a condition resulting fromnerve damage in which the jointsand soft tissue in the foot aredestroyed

cheiroarthropathy (KY-roh-arTHROP-uh-thee) see limited

joint mobility

cheiropathy (ky-ROP-uh-thee)

see limited joint mobilitychlorpropamide (klor-PROH

puh-myd) an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes

Chlorpropamide lowers blood

glucose levels by helping the pancreas make more insulin

and by helping the body betteruse the insulin it makesChlorpropamide belongs tothe class of medicines called sulfonylureas (Brand name Diabinese)

cholesterol (koh-LESS-tur-ol) atype of fat produced by the liver and found in the bloodCholesterol is also found in somefoods The body uses cholesterolto make hormones and build cell

walls

chronic (KRON-ik) describessomething that is long-lastingOpposite of acute

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

(KRON-ik) (KID-nee) (dih-ZEEZ) any condition thatcauses reduced kidney functionover a period of time CKDis present when a patientrsquos glomerular filtration rate remainsbelow 60 milliliters per minutefor more than 3 months CKDmay develop over many yearsand lead to endstage renal

disease

circulation (SUR-kyoo-LAYshuhn) the flow of bloodthrough the bodyrsquos blood vessels

and heart

CKD see chronic kidney disease

claudication (CLAW-dih-KAYshuhn) see intermittent

claudication

10



C

coma (KOH-muh) a sleeplikestate in which a person is notconscious A coma may becaused by hyperglycemia (high

blood glucose) or hypoglycemia

(low blood glucose) in people with diabetes

combination diabetes pill (KOMbih-NAY-shuhn) (DY-uh-BEEteez) (pil) a pill that includestwo different medicines

combination therapy the use ofdifferent medicines together tomanage blood glucose levels

complications (KOM-plih-KAYshuhnz) harmful effects of diabetes such as damage to theeyes heart blood vessels nervoussystem teeth and gums feet andskin or kidneys Studies showthat keeping blood glucose blood

pressure and LDL cholesterollevels close to normal can helpprevent or delay these problems

congenital defects (kon-JEN-ihtuhl) (DEE-fekts) problemsor conditions that are presentat birth

congestive heart failure (kon-JESStiv) (hart) (FAYL-yoor) thetype of heart failure in which lossof the heartrsquos pumping powercauses fluid to build up in thebody

constipation (KON-stih-PAYshuhn) a condition in whichthe stool becomes hard and dry

A person who is constipatedusually has fewer than threebowel movements in a weekBowel movements may be

painful

continuous ambulatory peritoneal

dialysis (kon-TIN-yoo-uhss)(AM-byoo-luh-TOR-ee) (PAIRih-toh-NEE-uhl) (dy-AL-ihsiss) see continuous ambulatory


continuous cycling peritoneal

dialysis (kon-TIN-yoo-uhss)(SY-kling) (PAIR-ih-tohNEE-uhl) (dy-AL-ih-siss) see continuous cycling peritoneal

dialysis under dialysis

continuous glucose monitoring

system (CGMS) (kon-TIN-yoouhss) (GLOO-kohss) (MON-ihTUR-ing) (SISS-tuhm) a smallsensor inserted below the skinthat measures blood glucose levels

approximately 12 times an hour

continuous subcutaneous insulin

injection (kon-TIN-yoo-uhss)(SUHB-kyoo-TAY-nee-uhss)(IN-suh-lin) (in-JEK-shuhn)see insulin pump

11



C

conventional therapy a termused in clinical trials whereone group receives treatmentfor diabetes in which A1C and blood glucose levels are kept atlevels based on current practiceguidelines However the goal

is not to keep blood glucoselevels as close to normal aspossible as is done in intensive

therapy Conventional therapyincludes use of medication mealplanning and exercise along

with regular visits to health careproviders

coronary artery disease (KORuh-nair-ee) (AR-tur-ee) (dih-ZEEZ) see coronary heart

disease

coronary heart disease (KOR-uhnair-ee) (hart) (dih-ZEEZ)

heart disease caused bynarrowing of the arteries thatsupply blood to the heart If theblood supply is cut off the resultis a heart attack

C-peptide (SEE-PEP-tyd) asubstance the pancreas releasesinto the bloodstream in equal

amounts to insulin A test ofC-peptide levels shows howmuch insulin the body is making

C-reactive protein (SEE-ree-AKtiv) (PROH-teen) a substanceproduced in the liver in responseto injury or inflammationElevated levels of C-reactiveprotein are associated with ahigher risk of heart attack and

stroke

creatinine (kree-AT-ih-neen) a waste product from meat protein in the diet and fromthe muscles of the bodyCreatinine is removed from thebody by the kidneys as kidney

disease progresses the level ofcreatinine in the blood increases

creatinine clearance (kree-AT-ihneen) (KLIHR-ants) a testthat measures how efficientlythe kidneys remove creatinine

and other wastes from the

blood Low creatinine clearanceindicates impaired kidneyfunction

CSII (continuous subcutaneous

insulin injection) (SEE-ESSEYE-EYE) see insulin pump

12



D

dawn phenomenon (dawn) (fuhNOM-uh-non) the early-morning (4 am to 8 am) rise in blood glucose

DCCT see Diabetes Control and

Complications Trial

debridement (day-breed-MAW)removal of dead or infected tissuefrom a wound Debridementcan be done with enzymes

mechanically such as in a whirlpool or through surgery

dehydration (dee-hy-DRAY

shuhn) the loss of too muchbody fluid through frequenturinating sweating diarrhea or

vomiting

dermopathy (dur-MOP-uh-thee)disease of the skin

dextrose (DEKS-trohss) simple

sugar found in blood that servesas the bodyrsquos main source ofenergy Also called glucose

DiaBeta (dy-uh-BAY-tuh) see glyburide

diabetes (DY-uh-BEE-teez) acondition characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)

resulting from the bodyrsquosinability to use blood glucose

for energy In type 1 diabetes

the pancreas no longer makes

insulin therefore blood glucosecannot enter the cells to be usedfor energy In type 2 diabetes

either the pancreas does notmake enough insulin or the bodyis unable to use insulin correctly

Also called diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Control andComplications Trial (DCCT)

(DY-uh-BEE-teez) (kon-TROHL) (and) (KOM-plihKAY-shuhnz) (TRY-uhl) astudy by the National Instituteof Diabetes and Digestive andKidney Diseases conducted

from 1983 to 1993 in people with type 1 diabetes The studyshowed that intensive therapy

compared with conventional

therapy significantly helpedprevent or delay diabetic

retinopathy kidney disease and nerve disease Intensive therapy

included multiple daily injectionsof insulin or the use of an insulin

pump with multiple blood glucose

readings each day

13



14

diabetes educator (DY-uh-BEE-teez) (EH-juh-KAY-tur) ahealth care professional whoteaches people who have diabetes how to manage theircondition Some diabeteseducators are certified diabetes

educators (CDEs) Diabeteseducators are found in hospitalsphysician offices managed careorganizations home health careand other settings

diabetes insipidus (DY-uh-BEE-teez) (in-SIH-puh-duhss) a

condition characterized byfrequent and heavy urinationexcessive thirst and an overallfeeling of weakness Thiscondition may be caused by adefect in the pituitary gland orthe kidney In diabetes insipidus blood glucose levels are normal

diabetes mellitus (DY-uh-BEE-teez) (MEH-luh-tuhss) see diabetes

Diabetes Prevention Program

(DPP) (DY-uh-BEE-teez) (pree-VEN-shuhn) (PROH-gram) astudy by the National Instituteof Diabetes and Digestive andKidney Diseases conducted from1998 to 2001 in people at high

risk for type 2 diabetes All studyparticipants had impaired glucose

tolerance also called prediabetes and were overweight The studyshowed that people who lost5 to 7 percent of their body

weight through a low- fat low- calorie diet and moderate

physical activitymdashusually walkingfor 30 minutes 5 days a weekmdashreduced their risk of gettingtype 2 diabetes by 58 percentParticipants who receivedtreatment with the oral diabetesdrug metformin reduced theirrisk of getting type 2 diabetes by31 percent

diabetes self-management (DY-uh-BEE-teez) (self-MAN-uhj-ment) see self-management

D



D

diabetic diarrhea (DY-uh-BET-ik)(DY-uh-REE-uh) loose stoolsfecal incontinence or both thatresult from an overgrowth ofbacteria in the small intestineand diabetic neuropathy in theintestines This nerve damage

can also result in constipation

diabetic eye disease (DY-uhBET-ik) (eye) (dih-ZEEZ) see diabetic retinopathy

diabetic gastropathy (DY-uhBET-ik) (gass-TROP-uh-thee)see gastropathy

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

(DY-uh-BET-ik) (KEE-toh-ASSih-DOH-siss) an emergencycondition in which extremelyhigh blood glucose levels along

with a severe lack of insulin

result in the breakdown of

body fat for energy and anaccumulation of ketones inthe blood and urine Signs ofDKA are nausea and vomitingstomach pain fruity breath odorand rapid breathing UntreatedDKA can lead to coma anddeath

diabetic myelopathy (DY-uhBET-ik) (MY-uh-LOP-uh-thee)damage to the spinal cord foundin some people with diabetes

diabetic nephropathy (DY-uhBET-ik) (neh-FROP-uh-thee)see nephropathy

diabetic neuropathy (DY-uhBET-ik) (noo-ROP-uh-thee)see neuropathy

diabetic retinopathy (DY-uhBET-ik) (RET-ih-NOP-uh-thee)damage to the small blood vessels

in the retina Loss of vision mayresult Also called diabetic eye

disease

diabetogenic (DY-uh-BET-oh

JEN-ik) causing diabetes Forexample some drugs cause blood

glucose levels to rise resulting indiabetes

diabetologist (DY-uh-beh-TOL-uh jist) a doctor who specializesin treating people who have

diabetesDiabinese (dy-AB-ih-neez) see

chlorpropamide

diagnosis (DY-ag-NOH-siss) thedetermination of a disease fromits signs and symptoms

15



D

dialysis (dy-AL-ih-siss) the

process of cleaning wastes fromthe blood artificially This jobis normally done by the kidneys

If the kidneys fail the bloodmust be cleaned artificially

with special equipment The

two major forms of dialysisare hemodialysis and peritoneal

dialysis

n hemodialysis (HEE-mohdy-AL-ih-siss) the use of amachine to clean wastes fromthe blood after the kidneys

have failed The blood travelsthrough tubes to a dialyzer amachine that removes wastesand extra fluid The cleanedblood then flows throughanother set of tubes back intothe body

Hemodialysis

n peritoneal dialysis (PAIR-ihtoh-NEE-uhl) (dy-AL-ih-siss)cleaning of the blood by usingthe lining of the abdominalcavity or belly as a filter Acleansing liquid called dialysis

solution is drained from a

bag into the abdomen Fluidand wastes flow throughthe lining of the abdominalcavity and remain ldquotrappedrdquoin the dialysis solution Thesolution is then drained fromthe abdomen removing theextra fluid and wastes from

the body The two maintypes of peritoneal dialysisare continuous ambulatory

peritoneal dialysis and continuous cycling peritoneal

dialysis

bullcontinuous ambulatory

peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)(kon-TIN-yoo-uhss) (AM-byoo-luh-TOR-ee)(PAIR-ih-toh-NEE-uhl)(dy-AL-ih-siss) a formof peritoneal dialysis thatneeds no machine WithCAPD the blood is always

being cleaned The dialysis solution passes from aplastic bag througha catheter and into theabdomen The dialysissolution stays in theabdomen with the cathetersealed After several hours

16



D

the person using CAPDdrains the solution back intoa disposable bag Then theperson refills the abdomen

with fresh solution throughthe same catheter to beginthe cleaning process again

bullcontinuous cycling

peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)

(kon-TIN-yoo-uhss) (SYkling) (PAIR-ih-toh-NEEuhl) (dy-AL-ih-siss) a formof peritoneal dialysis thatuses a machine This

machine automatically fillsand drains the dialysis

solution from the abdomen A typical CCPD scheduleinvolves three to fiveexchanges during thenight while the personsleeps During the day

the person using CCPDperforms one exchangedraining the dialysissolution after an entire day

dialysis solution (dy-AL-ih-siss)(suh-LOO-shuhn) a cleansingliquid used in the two major

forms of dialysismdashhemodialysisand peritoneal dialysis Dialysissolution contains dextrose a sugar and other chemicalssimilar to those in the bodyDextrose draws wastes and extrafluid from the body into thedialysis solution

diastolic pressure (DY-uh-STOL-ik) (PRESH-ur)the blood pressure when theheart rests

dietitian (DY-uh-TISH-uhn) ahealth care professional who

advises people about mealplanning weight controland diabetes management Aregistered dietitian (RD) hasmet certain requirements

dilated eye exam (DY-lay-ted) (eye)(ek-ZAM) a test done by aneye care specialist in which thepupilmdashthe black centermdashof theeye is temporarily enlarged witheyedrops to allow the specialistto see the inside of the eye moreeasily

Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D

dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor

(dy-PEP-tih-dil) (PEP-tih-dayss-FOR) (in-HIB-ih-tur) see DPP4 inhibitor

DKA see diabetic ketoacidosis

D-phenylalanine derivative (DEEFEN-il-AL-uh-neen) (duh-RIVuh-tiv) a type of oral medicinefor type 2 diabetes that lowers blood glucose levels by helping the pancreas make more insulin rightafter meals (Generic nameBrand name nateglinideStarlix)

DPP see Diabetes Prevention Program

DPP-4 inhibitor (DEE-PEE-PEEFOR) (in-HIB-ih-tur) a class oforal medicine used to treat type 2

diabetes that lowers blood glucose

by helping the body make more

insulin when itrsquos needed Thistype of medicine also helps keepthe liver from putting storedblood glucose into the blood(Generic nameBrand name sitagliptin phosphateJanuvia)

Duetact (DOO-uh-tak) the brandname of an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes acombination of pioglitazone

and glimepiride

Dupuytrenrsquos contracture (doo-

pwee-TRENZ) (kon-TRAKchur) a condition associated

with diabetes in which the fingersand the palm of the hand thickenand shorten causing the fingersto curve inward

duration in referring to insulin

the length of time during which insulin keeps lowering blood glucose levels Durationmay also refer to the length oftime a person has had diabetes

which determines a personrsquosrisk of developing diabetescomplications

18



E

eAG see estimated average glucose

edema (eh-DEE-muh) swellingcaused by too much fluid in thebody

electromyography (EMG) (ee-LEKtroh-my-OG-ruh-fee) a testused to detect nerve functionElectromyography measures theelectrical activity generated bymuscles

EMG see electromyography

endocrine gland (EN-doh-krin)

(gland) a group of specializedcells that releases hormones

into the blood For examplethe islets in the pancreas whichsecrete insulin are endocrineglands

endocrinologist (EN-doh-krihNOL-uh-jist) a doctor who

treats people who have endocrine gland problems such as diabetes

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

(END-STAYJ) (REE-nuhl) (dih-ZEEZ) total and permanent kidney failure When the kidneys fail the body retains

fluid Harmful wastes buildup A person with ESRD needstreatment to replace the work ofthe failed kidneys

enzyme (EN-zym) protein madeby the body that brings about achemical reactionmdashfor examplethe enzymes produced by the gutto aid digestion

erectile dysfunction (ee-REK-tyl)

(diss-FUHNK-shuhn) theinability to get or maintain anerection for satisfactory sexualintercourse Also called impotence

ESRD see endstage renal disease

estimated average glucose (ESStuh-may-ted) (AV-ur-ij) (GLOO

kohss) also called eAG oraverage glucose another way toreport the results of an A1C testThe A1C test measures averageglucose levels over the past 2 to3 months In the past results

were reported as a percentageResults reported as an eAG are

given as mgdL the same unitsused for self-monitoring of bloodglucose with a blood glucose

meter For example results ofan A1C test can be reported asan eAG of 126 mgdL which isequal to 6 percent

euglycemia (YOO-gly-SEEmee-uh) a normal level of glucose in the blood

19



20

exchange lists one of severalapproaches for diabetes mealplanning Foods are categorizedinto three groups based ontheir nutritional content Listsprovide the serving sizes for carbohydrates meat and meat

substitutes and fats Theselists allow for substitution fordifferent groups to keep thenutritional content fixed

exenatide (eks-EN-uh-tyd) aninjectable medicine for diabetes that mimics the effect of

incretin hormones a type of gastrointestinal hormone Thismedicine helps food move moreslowly through the stomachand helps keep the liver fromreleasing stored glucose (Brandname Byetta)

Ffasting blood glucose test (FASS-

ting) (bluhd) (GLOO-kohss)(test) a check of a personrsquos blood glucose level after theperson has not eaten for 8 to12 hoursmdashusually overnightThis test is used to diagnose

prediabetes and diabetes it isalso used to see whether people

with diabetes are keeping bloodglucose levels on target

fat 1 one of the three mainnutrients in food Foodsthat provide fat are butter

margarine salad dressing oilnuts meat poultry fish andsome dairy products 2 excess calories are stored as body fatproviding the body with a reservesupply of energy and otherfunctions

Endash

Sources of fat



Fndashfluorescein angiography (flor-ESSee-in) (AN-jee-OG-ruh-fee) atest to examine blood vessels inthe eye that is done by injectingdye into an arm vein and thentaking photos as the dye goesthrough the eyersquos blood vessels

focal neuropathy (FOH-kuhl)(noo-ROP-uh-thee) a type of neuropathy in which a singlenerve or a group of nerves isaffected producing sudden

weakness or pain

fructosamine test (frook-TOHSSuh-meen) (test) measuresthe number of blood glucose

molecules linked to protein

molecules in the blood Thetest provides information abouta personrsquos average blood glucose

level for the previous 3 weeks

fructose (FROOK-tohss) a sugarthat occurs naturally in fruits andhoney Fructose has 4 calories

per gram

G

GAD65 (GAD-SIKS-tee-FYV) seeislet cell autoantibodies

gangrene (GANG-green) thedeath of body tissue most oftencaused by a lack of blood flowand infection Gangrene can

lead to amputationgastrointestinal (GASS-troh-in

TESS-tin-uhl) related to thestomach and intestines

gastroparesis (GASS-troh-puhREE-siss) a form of neuropathy

that affects the stomach

Digestion of food may beincomplete or delayed resultingin nausea vomiting or bloatingmaking blood glucose controldifficult

gastropathy (gass-TROP-uh-thee)a form of neuropathy that affects

the stomach Symptoms mayinclude nausea discomfort afeeling of fullness and vomitingThe stomach may be delayed inemptying called gastroparesis

GDM see gestational diabetes

mellitus

21



G

gestational diabetes mellitus

(GDM) (jess-TAY-shuhn-uhl)(DY-uh-BEE-teez) (MEH-luhtuhss) a type of diabetes thatdevelops only during pregnancyand usually disappears upondelivery but increases the

motherrsquos risk of developingdiabetes later in life GDM ismanaged with meal planningphysical activity and in somecases medication

GFR see glomerular filtration rate

gingivitis (JIN-jih-VY-tiss)a condition of the gumscharacterized by inflammationand bleeding

gland a group of cells that secretesubstances Endocrine glands

secrete hormones Exocrineglands secrete salt enzymes and

water

glaucoma (glaw-KOH-muh) anincrease in fluid pressure insidethe eye that may lead to visionloss

glimepiride (gly-MEP-ih-ryd) anoral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes Glimepiridelowers blood glucose by helpingthe pancreas make moreinsulin and by helping the bodybetter use the insulin it makes

Glimepiride belongs to the classof medicines called sulfonylureas

(Brand name Amaryl)

glipizide (GLIP-ih-zyd) an oralmedicine used to treat type 2

diabetes Glipizide lowers blood

glucose by helping the pancreas

make more insulin and byhelping the body better usethe insulin it makes Glipizidebelongs to the class of medicinescalled sulfonylureas (Brandnames Glucotrol Glucotrol XL)

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

(gloh-MAIR-yoo-lur) (fil-TRAYshuhn) (rayt) the rate at whichthe kidneys filter wastes and extrafluid from the blood measuredin milliliters per minute

glomeruli (gloh-MAIR-yoo-ly)plural of glomerulus

glomerulus (gloh-MAIR-yoo-luhss)a tiny set of looping blood vessels

where the blood is filtered in the kidney

22



G

glucagon (GLOO-kuh-gon) a hormone produced by the alpha

cells in the pancreas Glucagonraises blood glucose Aninjectable form of glucagonavailable by prescriptionmay be used to treat severe

hypoglycemia

Glucophage Glucophage XR

(GLOO-koh-fahj) see metformin

glucose (GLOO-kohss) one of thesimplest forms of sugar

glucose gel (GLOO-kohss) (jel)pure glucose in gel form used fortreating hypoglycemia

glucose tablets (GLOO-kohss)(TAB-lets) chewable tabletsmade of pure glucose used fortreating hypoglycemia

Glucose tablets

glucose tolerance test (GLOOkohss) (TOL-ur-uhnss) (test)see oral glucose tolerance test

Glucotrol Glucotrol XL (GLOOkuh-trohl) see glipizide

Glucovance (GLOO-koh-vanss)the brand name of an oralmedicine used to treat type 2

diabetes a combination of glyburide and metformin

glyburide (GLY-buh-ryd) an oralmedicine used to treat type 2

diabetes Glyburide lowers blood

glucose by helping the pancreasmake more insulin and byhelping the body better use theinsulin it makes Glyburidebelongs to the class of medicinescalled sulfonylureas (Brandnames DiaBeta Glynase

PresTab Micronase)

glycemic index (gly-SEE-mik)(IN-deks) a ranking of a carbohydrate-containing foodbased on the foodrsquos effect on blood glucose compared with astandard reference food

glycemic load (gly-SEE-mik) (lohd)a ranking of a carbohydrate

containing food based on thefoodrsquos glycemic index and theamount of carbohydrate in atypical serving

23



GndashH

glycogen (GLY-koh-jen) the formof glucose found in the liver andmuscles the main source ofstored fuel in the body

glycosuria (GLY-koh-SYOOree-uh) the presence of glucose

in the urine

glycosylated hemoglobin (GLY-kohSY-lay-ted) (HEE-moh-GLOHbin) see A1C

Glynase PresTab (GLY-nayz)(PRESS-TAB) see glyburide

Glyset (GLY-set) see miglitolgram a unit of weight in the

metric system An ounce equals28 grams In some meal plansfor people with diabetes thesuggested amounts of food aregiven in grams

One slice of bread has15 grams of carbohydrate

HDL cholesterol (AYCH-DEE-EL)(koh-LESS-tur-ol) standsfor highdensity lipoprotein

cholesterol which is a fat foundin the blood that takes extra cholesterol from the blood to the liver for removal Sometimes

called ldquogoodrdquo cholesterol

heart attack a condition in whichthe blood vessels to the heartbecome totally or partiallyblocked by fatty depositsWhen the blood supply is cutoff or reduced oxygen and

other needed supplies canrsquot getthrough Then heart muscle candie Also called a myocardial

infarction

heart failure a chronic conditionin which the heart cannot pumpblood properly

hemodialysis (HEE-moh-dy-AL-ihsiss) see dialysis

hemoglobin A1C test (HEE-mohGLOH-bin) (AY-WUHN-SEE)(test) see A1C

heredity (huh-RED-ih-tee) thepassing of a trait from parentto child

HHNS see hyperosmolar

hyperglycemic nonketotic

syndrome

24



H

high blood glucose (hy) (bluhd)(GLOO-kohss) see hyperglycemia

high blood pressure see hypertension

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

(HY-DEN-sih-tee) (LIP-ohPROH-teen) (koh-LESS-tur-ol)see HDL cholesterol

HLA see human leukocyte antigens

home glucose monitor (hohm)(GLOO-kohss) (MON-ih-tur)

see blood glucose meterhoneymoon phase temporary

remission of hyperglycemia thatoccurs in some people newlydiagnosed with type 1 diabetes

when some insulin secretionresumes for a short timemdashforexample a few monthsmdashbefore

stopping again

hormone a chemical producedin one part of the body andreleased into the blood to triggeror regulate particular functionsof the body For exampleinsulin is a hormone made in

the pancreas that tells other cells when to use glucose for energySynthetic hormones made foruse as medicines can be thesame or different from thosemade in the body

Humalog (YOO-muh-lawg) seeinsulin lispro

Humalog Mix 5050 (YOO-muhlawg) (mix) see premixed

insulin


insulin

human leukocyte antigens (HLA)

(HYOO-man) (LOO-koh-syt)(AN-tih-jens) proteins locatedon the surface of the cell thathelp the immune system identify

the cell either as one belongingto the body or as one fromoutside the body Some patternsof these proteins may meanincreased risk of developing type 1 diabetes

Humulin (YOO-myoo-lin)

see premixed insulinHumulin 7030 (YOO-myoo-lin)

see premixed insulin

Humulin N (YOO-myoo-lin)see NPH insulin

Humulin R (YOO-myoo-lin)see regular insulin

25



H

hyperglycemia (HY-pur-glySEE-mee-uh) higher thannormal blood glucose Fastinghyperglycemia is blood glucoseabove a desirable level aftera person has fasted for atleast 8 hours Postprandial

hyperglycemia is blood glucoseabove a desirable level 1 to2 hours after a person has eaten

hyperinsulinemia (HY-pur-IN-suhlin-EE-mee-uh) a conditionin which the level of insulin inthe blood is higher than normal

Caused by overproduction ofinsulin by the body Related toinsulin resistance

hyperlipidemia (HY-pur-LIP-ihDEE-mee-uh) higher thannormal fat and cholesterol levelsin the blood

hyperosmolar hyperglycemicnonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

(HY-pur-oz-MOH-lur)(HY-pur-gly-SEE-mik) (nonkee-TOT-ik) (SIN-drohm) anemergency condition in whichonersquos blood glucose level is veryhigh and ketones are not present

in the blood or urine If HHNSis not treated it can lead to coma

or death

hypertension (HY-pur-TENshuhn) a condition present

when blood flows through the blood vessels with a force greaterthan normal Also called high

blood pressure Hypertensioncan strain the heart damage

blood vessels and increase therisk of heart attack stroke kidney

problems and death

Checking blood pressure

hypoglycemia (HY-poh-glySEE-mee-uh) also called low blood glucose a conditionthat occurs when onersquos blood

glucose is lower than normalusually below 70 mgdL Signsinclude hunger nervousness

shakiness perspirationdizziness or light-headednesssleepiness and confusion Ifleft untreated hypoglycemiamay lead to unconsciousnessHypoglycemia is treated by

26



HndashI

consuming a carbohydrate-richfood such as glucose tablets or

juice Hypoglycemia may alsobe treated with an injection

of glucagon if the person isunconscious or unable toswallow Also called an insulin

reaction

hypoglycemia unawareness

(HY-poh-gly-SEE-mee-uh)(uhn-uh-WAIR-ness) a statein which a person does not feelor recognize the symptomsof hypoglycemia People who

have frequent episodes ofhypoglycemia may no longerexperience hypoglycemiarsquostypical warning signs

hypotension (HY-poh-TENshuhn) low blood pressure or asudden drop in blood pressure

Hypotension may occur whena person rises quickly from asitting or reclining positioncausing dizziness or fainting

IA-2A (EYE-AY-TOO-AY) seeislet cell autoantibodies

IAA (EYE-AY-AY) see islet cell

autoantibodies

ICA512 (EYE-SEE-AY-FYVWUHN-TOO) see islet cell

autoantibodies

ICA (EYE-SEE-AY) see islet cell

autoantibodies

IDDM (EYE-DEE-DEE-EM)see insulindependent diabetes

mellitus

IFG (EYE-EF-JEE) see impaired fasting glucose

IGT (EYE-JEE-TEE) see impaired

glucose tolerance

immune system (ih-MYOON)(SISS-tuhm) the bodyrsquos systemfor protecting itself from virusesand bacteria or any foreignsubstances

immunosuppressant (IM-yoo-nohsoo-PRESS-uhnt) a drug givento stop the natural responsesof the bodyrsquos immune system

Immunosuppressants are given

to prevent organ rejection inpeople who have received organ transplants and to patients with autoimmune diseases

27



28

impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (im-PAIRD) (FASS-ting)(GLOO-kohss) a condition in

which a fasting blood glucose test shows a level of glucose higherthan normal but not high enoughfor a diagnosis of diabetes IFG

also called prediabetes is a levelof 100 to 125 mgdL People withprediabetes are at increased riskfor developing type 2 diabetes heart disease and stroke

impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (im-PAIRD) (GLOO-kohss)

(TOL-ur-uhnss) a conditionin which blood glucose levels arehigher than normal but are nothigh enough for a diagnosisof diabetes IGT also called prediabetes is a level of 140 to199 mgdL 2 hours after the startof an oral glucose tolerance test

People with prediabetes are atincreased risk for developing type 2 diabetes heart diseaseand stroke Other names forIGT that are no longer usedare ldquoborderlinerdquo ldquosubclinicalrdquoldquochemicalrdquo or ldquolatentrdquo diabetes

implantable insulin pump (im-PLANT-uh-buhl) (IN-suh-lin) (puhmp) a small pumpplaced inside the body to deliverinsulin in response to remote-control commands from the user

impotence (IM-puh-tenss) see erectile dysfunction

incidence (IN-sih-denss) ameasure of how often a diseaseoccurs the number of new casesof a disease among a certain

group of people for a certainperiod of time

incontinence (in-KON-tih-nenss)loss of bladder or bowel controlthe accidental loss of urine orfeces

incretin mimetic (IN-krit-in) (mih-

MET-ik) a type of injectablemedicine for diabetes that mimicsthe effect of incretin hormones atype of gastrointestinal hormoneThis medicine helps foodmove more slowly through thestomach and helps keep the liver from releasing stored glucose

(Generic nameBrand name exenatideByetta)

inhaled insulin (in-HAYLD)(IN-suh-lin) a type of insulin

under development taken witha special device that enablesthe user to breathe in insulin

through the mouthinjection (in-JEK-shuhn) inserting

liquid medication or nutrientsinto the body with a syringe

I



I

injection site rotation (in-JEKshuhn) (syt) (roh-TAY-shuhn)changing the places on thebody where insulin is injectedRotation prevents the formationof lipodystrophies

injection sites (in-JEK-shuhn)(syts) places on the body whereinsulin is injected

insulin (IN-suh-lin) a hormone

that helps the body use glucose

for energy The beta cells of the pancreas make insulin Whenthe body cannot make enoughinsulin insulin must be taken byinjection or other means

insulin adjustment (IN-suh-lin)(uh-JUHST-ment) a change inthe amount of insulin a person

with diabetes takes based onfactors such as meal planning

physical activity and blood glucose levels

insulin aspart (IN-suh-lin) (ASSpart) a rapid-acting insulin withan onset of 15 minutes a peak at30 to 90 minutes and a duration

of 3 to 5 hours (Brand name

NovoLog)insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

(IDDM) (IN-suh-lin-duhPEN-dent) (DY-uh-BEE-teez)(MEH-luh-tuhss) former termfor type 1 diabetes

insulin detemir (IN-suh-lin) (DETih-mihr) a long-acting insulin

with an onset of 1 hour no peak

and a duration of 20 to 26 hours(Brand name Levemir)

insulin glargine (IN-suh-lin)

(GLAR-jeen) a type of long-acting insulin with an onset of1 hour no peak and a duration

of 20 to 26 hours (Brand name Lantus)

insulin glulisine (IN-suh-lin)(gloo-LY-seen) a type ofrapid-acting insulin with an onset

of 15 minutes a peak at 30 to90 minutes and a duration of 3 to5 hours (Brand name Apidra)

insulin infuser (IN-suh-lin)(in-FYOO-zur) a device fortaking insulin in which a smalltube is inserted just below the

skin and remains in place forseveral days Insulin is injectedinto the end of the tube

insulin lispro (IN-suh-lin) (LISSproh) a type of rapid-actinginsulin with an onset of15 minutes a peak at 30 to

90 minutes and a duration of 3 to5 hours (Brand name Humalog)

29



I

insulinoma (IN-suh-lih-NOHmuh) a tumor of the beta

cells in the pancreas Aninsulinoma may cause the bodyto make extra insulin leading to hypoglycemia

insulin pen (IN-suh-lin) (pen) adevice for injecting insulin thatlooks like a fountain pen andholds replaceable cartridgesof insulin Also available indisposable form

insulin pump (IN-suh-lin) (puhmp)an insulin-delivering deviceabout the size of a deck of cardsthat can be worn on a belt orkept in a pocket An insulinpump connects to narrowflexible plastic tubing that ends

with a needle inserted just underthe skin Users set the pump

to give a steady trickle or basalamount of insulin continuouslythroughout the day Pumpsrelease bolus doses of insulin atmeals and at times when blood

glucose is too high based ondoses set by the user

insulin reaction (IN-suh-lin) (ree AK-shuhn) when the level of glucose in the blood is too low(below 70 mgdL) Also called hypoglycemia

insulin receptors (IN-suh-lin) (ree

SEP-turz) areas on the outerpart of a cell that allow the cellto bind with insulin in the bloodWhen the cell and insulin bindthe cell can take glucose from theblood and use it for energy

insulin resistance (IN-suh-lin)(ree-ZISS-tuhnss) the bodyrsquosinability to respond to and usethe insulin it produces Insulinresistance may be linked to obesity hypertension and highlevels of fat in the blood

insulin shock (IN-suh-lin) (shok)see hypoglycemia

intensive therapy a treatment for diabetes in which blood glucose

is kept as close to normal aspossible Optimal blood glucose

levels are reached throughfrequent injections of insulin

or use of an insulin pump

meal planning adjustment ofmedicines and physical activityPeople undergoing intensivetherapy work closely with theirhealth care team

30



I

intermediate-acting insulin

(IN-tur-MEE-dee-uht-AKT-ing)(IN-suh-lin) a type of insulin

with an onset of 1 to 3 hours a peak at 8 hours and a duration of12 to 16 hours See NPH insulin

intermittent claudication (IN-turMIT-ent) (CLAW-dih-KAYshuhn) pain that comes andgoes in the muscles of the legThis pain results from a lackof blood supply to the legs andusually happens when walking orexercising

intramuscular injection (IN-truhMUHSS-kyoo-lur) (in-JEKshuhn) inserting liquidmedication into a muscle with a syringe Glucagon may be givenby intramuscular or subcutaneous

injection for hypoglycemia

islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs)(EYE-let) (sel) (AW-toh-AN-tihbod-eez) proteins found in theblood of people newly diagnosed

with type 1 diabetes They arealso found in people who maybe developing type 1 diabetesThe presence of ICAs indicates

the bodyrsquos immune system hasbeen damaging beta cells in the pancreas The antibodies thatare routinely tested for include IAA IA2A ICA512 and GAD65

(also called GAD or GADA)

islets (EYE-lets) groups of cellslocated in the pancreas thatmake hormones that help thebody break down and use foodFor example alpha cells make glucagon and beta cells makeinsulin Also called islets of

Langerhans

islets of Langerhans (EYE-lets)(uhv) (LAHNG-ur-hahnz)see islets

islet transplantation (EYE-let)(TRANZ-plan-TAY-shuhn)moving the islets from a donor pancreas into a person whosepancreas has stopped producinginsulin Beta cells in the isletsmake the insulin that the bodyneeds for using blood glucose

31



JndashK

Janumet (JAN-yoo-met) thebrand name of an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes

a combination of sitagliptin

phosphate and metformin

Januvia (juh-NOO-vee-uh) see

sitagliptin phosphate

jet injector (jet) (in-JEK-tur) adevice that uses high pressureinstead of a needle to propelinsulin through the skin and intothe body

juvenile diabetes (JOO-vuh-nyl)

(DY-uh-BEE-teez) formerterm for insulindependent

diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes

ketoacidosis (KEE-toh-ASSih-DOH-siss) see diabetic

ketoacidosis

ketone (KEE-tohn) a chemicalproduced when there is a shortageof insulin in the blood and the

body breaks down body fat forenergy High levels of ketones canlead to diabetic ketoacidosis and coma Sometimes referred to asketone bodies

ketonuria (KEE-toh-NYOO-ree-uh)a condition occurring when ketones

are present in the urine a warningsign of diabetic ketoacidosis

ketosis (kee-TOH-siss) a ketone

buildup in the body that may leadto diabetic ketoacidosis Signs ofketosis are nausea vomiting andstomach pain

32



KndashL

kidney one of the two bean-shapedorgans that filter wastes from theblood The kidneys are locatednear the middle of the back oneon each side of the spine Theycreate urine which is deliveredto the bladder

Kidneys

Kidneys

kidney disease see nephropathy

kidney failure loss of kidney

function See acute renal failure

chronic kidney disease and end

stage renal disease

Kussmaul breathing (KOOS-moul)(BREE-thing) the rapid deep

and labored breathing of people who have diabetic ketoacidosis

lactic acidosis (LAK-tik) (ASS-ihDOH-siss) a serious conditionin which there is a buildup oflactic acid in the body Lacticacidosis can result from diabetic

ketoacidosis liver disease or kidney disease

LADA (LAH-DUH) see latent

autoimmune diabetes in adults

lancet (LAN-set) a spring-loadeddevice used to prick the skin

with a small needle to obtain adrop of blood for blood glucose

monitoring

Lantus (LAN-tuhss) see insulin

glargine

laser treatment a type of therapythat uses a strong beam of lightto treat a damaged area Thebeam of light is called a laser

A laser is sometimes used toseal blood vessels in the eye ofa person with diabetes See photocoagulation

33



L

latent autoimmune diabetes in

adults (LADA) (LAY-tent)(AW-toh-ih-MYOON) (DY-uhBEE-teez) (in) (uh-DUHLTS)a type of diabetes usually firstdiagnosed after age 30 in whichpeople show signs of both type 1

diabetes and type 2 diabetes Mostpeople with LADA still producetheir own insulin when firstdiagnosed and do not requireinsulin injections Some expertsbelieve that LADA is a slowlydeveloping kind of type 1diabetes because patients have

antibodies against the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas Several years afterdiagnosis people with LADAmust take insulin to control blood

glucose levels

LDL cholesterol (EL-DEE-EL)

(koh-LESS-tur-ol) standsfor low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a fat found in theblood that takes cholesterolaround the body to where it isneeded for cell repair and alsodeposits it on the inside of artery

walls Sometimes called ldquobadrdquo

cholesterol

Levemir (LEV-uh-mihr) seeinsulin detemir

limited joint mobility a conditionin which the joints swell and theskin of the hand becomes thicktight and waxy making the

joints less able to move It mayaffect the fingers and arms as

well as other joints in the body

lipid (LIP-id) a term for fat inthe body Lipids can be brokendown by the body and used forenergy

lipid profile (LIP-id) (PROH-fyl)a blood test that measures total cholesterol triglycerides and HDL

cholesterol LDL cholesterol isthen calculated from the results

A lipid profile is one measure ofa personrsquos risk of cardiovascular

disease

lipoatrophy (LIP-oh-AT-rohfee) loss of fat under theskin resulting in small dentsLipoatrophy may be caused byrepeated injections of insulin inthe same spot

34



L lipodystrophy (LIP-oh-DISS-troh

fee) a defect in the breakingdown or building up of fat belowthe surface of the skin resultingin lumps or small dents in theskin surface Lipodystrophy maybe caused by repeated injections

of insulin in the same spot See lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy

lipohypertrophy (LIP-oh-hy-PURtroh-fee) buildup of fat belowthe surface of the skin causinglumps Lipohypertrophy may becaused by repeated injections of

insulin in the same spot

liver an organ in the body thatchanges food into energyremoves alcohol and poisonsfrom the blood and makes bilea substance that breaks down fats

and helps rid the body of wastes

Liver

Liver

long-acting insulin (long-AK-ting)(IN-suh-lin) a type of insulin


and a duration of 20 to 26 hoursSee insulin detemir and insulin

glargine

low blood glucose (loh) (bluhd)(GLOO-kohss) see hypoglycemia

low blood pressure see hypotension

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

(LOH-DEN-sih-tee) (LIP-oh

PROH-teen) (koh-LESS-tur-ol)see LDL cholesterol

lymphatic vessels (lim-FAT-ik)(VESS-uhlz) thin tubes in thebody that carry white blood cellsand lymphatic fluid Lymphaticfluid has cells that fight

infection

35



M

macrosomia (MAK-roh-SOHmee-uh) abnormally large in diabetes refers to abnormallylarge babies that may be born to

women with diabetes

Macrosomia

macrovascular disease (MAK-rohVASS-kyoo-lur) (dih-ZEEZ)disease of the large blood vessels

such as those found in the heart Lipids and blood clots build

up in the large blood vesselsand can cause atherosclerosis

coronary heart disease stroke and peripheral arterial disease

macula (MAK-yoo-luh) the partof the retina in the eye used forreading and seeing fine detail

macular edema (MAK-yoo-lur)(eh-DEE-muh) swelling of the macula

maturity-onset diabetes of the

young (MODY) (muh-CHURih-tee-AWN-set) (DY-uh-BEEteez) (uhv) (thuh) (yuhng) a monogenic form of diabetes

that usually first occurs duringadolescence or early adulthood

meglitinide (meh-GLIH-tih-nyd)a type of oral medicine for type 2 diabetes that lowers blood


make more insulin right aftermeals (Generic nameBrandname repaglinidePrandin)

metabolic syndrome (MET-uhBOL-ik) (SIN-drohm) agrouping of health conditionsassociated with an increasedrisk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes Conditionsinclude hypertension a large

waist high triglyceride levelslow HDL cholesterol levels andabove-normal blood glucose

levels Metabolic syndrome waspreviously called Syndrome X

metabolism (meh-TAB-ohlizm) all of the chemical andphysical processes in the body

necessary for life Processesinclude breaking down food forenergy and producing neededsubstances

36



M

Metaglip (MET-uh-glip) thebrand name of an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes acombination of glipizide and metformin

metformin (met-FOR-min) an

oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes Metforminlowers blood glucose by reducingthe amount of glucose producedby the liver and helping thebody respond better to theinsulin made in the pancreas

Metformin belongs to the class

of medicines called biguanides(Brand names Glucophage


mgdL milligrams per deciliter(MIL-ih-gramz) (pur) (DESSih-lee-tur) a unit of measurethat shows the concentration of a

substance in a specific amount offluid In the United States blood

glucose test results are reportedas mgdL Medical journals andother countries use millimolesper liter (mmolL) To convertto mgdL from mmolL multiplymmolL by 18 Example

10 mmolL times 18 = 180 mgdLmicroalbumin (MY-kroh-al-BYOO

min) small amounts of the protein called albumin in the urine detectable with a speciallaboratory test See albumin

microaneurysm (MY-kroh-AN yoo-rizm) a small swelling thatforms on the side of tiny blood

vessels These small swellingsmay break and allow bloodto leak into nearby tissuePeople with diabetes may get

microaneurysms in the retina ofthe eye

Micronase (MY-kroh-nayz) see glyburide

microvascular disease (MY-krohVASS-kyoo-lur) (dih-ZEEZ)disease of the smallest blood

vessels such as those found inthe eyes nerves and kidneys

The walls of the vessels becomeabnormally thick but weakThen they bleed leak protein

and slow the flow of blood tothe cells

miglitol (MIG-lih-tol) an oralmedicine used to treat type 2

diabetes Miglitol slows downthe digestion of foods high in carbohydrate such as rice breadmilk and fruit The result is aslower and lower rise in blood

glucose after meals Miglitol

belongs to the class of medicinescalled alphaglucosidase inhibitors

(Brand name Glyset)

37



M

mixed dose a combination of twotypes of insulin in one injection

Usually a rapid or shortacting

insulin is combined with alonger-acting insulin to provideboth short- and long-termcontrol of blood glucose levels

mmolL millimoles per liter (MILih-mohlz) (pur) (LEE-tur) aunit of measure that shows theconcentration of a substance ina specific amount of fluid Inmost of the world except for theUnited States blood glucose test

results are reported as mmolLIn the United States milligramsper deciliter (mgdL) is used Toconvert to mmolL from mgdLdivide mgdL by 18 Example180 mgdL divide 18 = 10 mmolL

MODY (MOH-dee) see maturity

onset diabetes of the young

monitor see blood glucose meter

monofilament (MON-oh-FIL-uhment) a short piece of nylonlike a hairbrush bristle mountedon a wand To check sensitivityof the nerves in the foot thedoctor touches the filament tothe bottom of the foot

monogenic (MON-oh-JEN-ik)related to a single gene Somerare forms of diabetes aremonogenic including neonatal

diabetes mellitus and maturity


(MODY)

mononeuropathy (MON-ohnoo-ROP-uh-thee) a type of neuropathy affecting a singlenerve

myocardial infarction (MY-ohKAR-dee-uhl) (in-FARK-shuhn)see heart attack

38



N

NAFLD (EN-AY-EF-EL-DEE)see nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH (nuhsh) see nonalcoholic

steatohepatitis

nateglinide (nuh-TEG-lih-nyd)an oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes Nateglinidelowers blood glucose levels byhelping the pancreas makemore insulin right after mealsNateglinide belongs to theclass of medicines called Dphenylalanine derivatives

(Brand name Starlix)

NDM see neonatal diabetes mellitus

necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

(NEK-roh-by-OH-siss) (lihPOY-dih-kuh) (DY-uh-bet-ihKOR-uhm) a skin conditionusually on the lower part of the

legs Lesions can be small orextend over a large area Theyare usually raised yellow and

waxy in appearance and oftenhave a purple border

neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM)

(NEE-oh-NAY-tuhl) (DY-uhBEE-teez) (MEH-luh-tuhss) arare monogenic form of diabetes

that occurs in the first 6 monthsof life In about half of those

with NDM the condition islifelong and is called permanent

neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM)

In the rest of those with NDMthe condition is transient anddisappears during infancy butcan reappear later in life thistype of NDM is called transient

neonatal diabetes mellitus

(TNDM)

neotame (NEE-oh-taym) a dietarysweetener with no calories andno nutritional value

neovascularization (NEE-ohVASS-kyoo-lar-ih-ZAY-shuhn)the growth of new small blood

vessels In the retina this maylead to vision loss or blindness

nephrologist (neh-FROL-uh-jist)a doctor who treats people whohave kidney problems

nephropathy (neh-FROP-uhthee) disease of the kidneys

Hyperglycemia and hypertensioncan damage the kidneysrsquo glomeruli When the kidneysare damaged protein leaks outof the kidneys into the urine

Damaged kidneys can no longerremove wastes and extra fluidfrom the bloodstream

nerve conduction studies testsused to measure for nervedamage one way to diagnose neuropathy

nerve disease see neuropathy

39



N

neurogenic bladder (NOO-rohJEN-ik) (BLAD-ur) lossof bladder control caused bydamage to the nerves controllingthe bladder

neurologist (noo-ROL-uh-jist)

a doctor who specializes inproblems of the nervous systemsuch as neuropathy

neuropathy (noo-ROP-uhthee) disease of the nervoussystem The three major formsin people with diabetes are peripheral neuropathy autonomic

neuropathy and mononeuropathy

The most common form isperipheral neuropathy whichaffects the legs and feet

NIDDM (EN-EYE-DEEDEE-EM) see noninsulin-

dependent diabetes mellitus

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

(NAFLD) (NON-al-kohHOL-ik) (FAT-ee) (LIV-ur)(dih-ZEEZ) fat in the liver

NAFLD can lead to nonalcoholic

steatohepatitis (NASH) and chronic liver disease NAFLD

can be a complication of insulin resistance and diabetes

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

(NASH) (NON-al-koh-HOL-ik)(STEE-uh-toh-HEP-uh-TYtiss) a common liver diseaseoften without symptoms thatresembles alcoholic liver diseasebut occurs in people who

drink little or no alcohol Themajor characteristic of NASHis fat in the liver along withinflammation and damageNASH can be a complication ofinsulin resistance and diabetes

noninsulin-dependent diabetes

mellitus (NIDDM) (NON-INsuh-lin-duh-PEN-dent) (DY-uhBEE-teez) (MEH-luh-tuhss)former term for type 2 diabetes

noninvasive blood glucose

monitoring (NON-in-VAY-siv)(bluhd) (GLOO-kohss) (MON

ih-TUR-ing) measuring blood

glucose without pricking thefinger to obtain a blood sample

40



NndashNovolin 7030 (NOH-voh-lin)see premixed insulin

Novolin N (NOH-voh-lin)see NPH insulin

Novolin R (NOH-voh-lin)see regular insulin

NovoLog (NOH-voh-lawg)see insulin aspart

NovoLog Mix 7030 (NOH-vohlawg) (mix) see premixed

insulin

NPH insulin (EN-PEE-AYCH)

(IN-suh-lin) an intermediate-acting insulin with an onset of1 to 3 hours a peak at 8 hoursand a duration of 12 to 16 hours

Also called N insulin (Brandnames Humulin N Novolin N)

nutritionist (noo-TRISH-uh

nist) a person with trainingin nutrition may or may nothave specialized training andqualifications See dietitian

O

obesity (oh-BEE-sih-tee) acondition in which a greaterthan normal amount of fat isin the body more severe than overweight having a body mass

index of 30 or more

obstetrician (OB-stuh-TRISH-uhn)a doctor who treats pregnant

women and delivers babies

OGTT see oral glucose tolerance

test

onset in referring to insulin howsoon the insulin starts to lower

blood glucose levels after it istaken Onset may also refer tothe time when a personrsquos diabetes

began

ophthalmologist (AHF-thal-MOLuh-jist) a medical doctor whodiagnoses and treats all eye

diseases and eye disordersOphthalmologists can alsoprescribe glasses and contactlenses

Ophthalmologist

41



42

optician (op-TISH-uhn) a healthcare professional who dispensesglasses and lenses An opticianalso makes and fits contactlenses

optometrist (op-TOM-uh-trist) a

primary eye care provider whoprescribes glasses and contactlenses Optometrists candiagnose and treat certain eyeconditions and diseases

oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (OR-uhl) (GLOO-kohss)(TOL-ur-uhnss) (test) a test todiagnose prediabetes and diabetes The oral glucose tolerancetest is given by a health careprofessional after an overnightfast A blood sample is takenand then the patient drinks ahigh- glucose beverage Blood

samples are taken at hourlyintervals for 2 to 3 hours Testresults are compared with astandard and show how the bodyuses glucose over time

oral hypoglycemic agents (OR-uhl) (HY-poh-gly-SEE-mik) (AY-jents) medicinestaken by mouth by people

with type 2 diabetes to keep blood glucose levels as close tonormal as possible Types of

oral hypoglycemic agents are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

biguanides D-phenylalanine

derivatives DPP-4 inhibitors

meglitinides sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones

overweight an above-normal body

weight having a body mass indexof 25 to 29

O



P

PAD (PEE-AY-DEE) see

peripheral arterial disease

pancreas (PAN-kree-uhss) anorgan that makes insulin and enzymes for digestion Thepancreas is located behind the

lower part of the stomach and isabout the size of a hand

Pancreas

Pancreas

pancreas transplantation (PANkree-uhss) (TRANZ-plan-TAYshuhn) a surgical procedure totake a healthy whole or partial pancreas from a donor and placeit into a person with diabetes

pancreatitis (PAN-kree-uh-TYtiss) an irritation of the pancreas that can cause it tostop working Pancreatitis canbe acute or chronic Diabetes

may develop when pancreatictissue is destroyed from chronic

pancreatitis and the insulin-producing cells of the pancreascalled beta cells have beendamaged Pancreatitis can alsooccur as a side effect of thediabetes medication exenatide

(Byetta)

PCOS (PEE-SEE-OH-ESS) see polycystic ovary syndrome

peak in referring to insulin speedsthe length of time the insulin is

working hardest to lower blood

glucose levels

pediatric endocrinologist (PEE

dee-AT-rik) (en-doh-krih-NAHluh-jist) a doctor who treatschildren who have endocrine

gland problems such as diabetes

pedorthist (ped-OR-thist) a healthcare professional who specializesin fitting shoes for people with

disabilities or deformities Apedorthist can custom-makeshoes or orthotics (special insertsfor shoes)

43



P

pen injector (pen) (in-JEK-tur)a penlike device for injectinginsulin contains a needle and acartridge of insulin

periodontal disease (PAIR-ee-ohDON-tuhl) (dih-ZEEZ) disease

of the gumsperiodontist (PAIR-ee-oh-DON

tist) a dentist who specializesin treating people who have gumdiseases

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

(puh-RIF-ur-uhl) (ar-TEE

ree-uhl) (dih-ZEEZ) alsocalled peripheral vascular

disease a condition in whichthe large blood vessels of thelegs are narrowed or blockedby fatty deposits decreasingblood flow to the legs and feetPAD increases the chances of

amputation heart attack and stroke

peripheral neuropathy (puh-RIFur-uhl) (noo-ROP-uh-thee)nerve damage that affects thefeet legs or hands Peripheralneuropathy causes pain

numbness or a tingling feelingperipheral vascular disease (PVD)

(puh-RIF-ur-uhl) (VASS-kyoolur) (dih-ZEEZ) see peripheral

arterial disease

peritoneal dialysis (PAIR-ih-tohNEE-uhl) (dy-AL-ih-siss) see dialysis

permanent neonatal diabetes

mellitus (PNDM) (PUR-muhnent) (NEE-oh-NAY-tuhl)

(DY-uh-BEE-teez) (MEH-luhtuhss) a rare monogenic formof diabetes that first occurs inthe first 6 months of life and is apermanent condition

pharmacist (FAR-muh-sist) ahealth care professional whoprepares and distributesmedicine to people Pharmacistsalso give information aboutmedicines

Pharmacist

44



P

photocoagulation (FOH-tohkoh-AG-yoo-LAY-shuhn) atreatment for diabetic retinopathy

A lasermdasha strong beam oflightmdashis used to seal off bleeding blood vessels in the eye and toburn away extra blood vessels

that should not have grownthere

pioglitazone (py-oh-GLIH-tuhzohn) an oral medicine used totreat type 2 diabetes Pioglitazonehelps treat insulin resistance thecondition in which your body

doesnrsquot use insulin the way itshould Pioglitazone belongsto the class of medicines called thiazolidinediones (Brand name Actos)

PNDM see permanent neonatal

diabetes mellitus

podiatrist (poh-DY-uh-trist) adoctor who treats people whohave foot problems Podiatristsalso help people keep their feethealthy by providing regular footexaminations and treatment

podiatry (poh-DY-uh-tree) the

care and treatment of feetpoint system a meal-planning

system that uses points to ratethe caloric content of foods

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

(POL-ee-SISS-tik) (OH-vuhree) (SIN-drohm) a conditionin which women have high levelsof male hormones increasingthe risk of irregular or absentmenstrual cycles infertility

obesity ovarian cysts heartdisease and diabetes PCOS isassociated with insulin resistance

polydipsia (POL-ee-DIP-see-uh)excessive thirst may be a sign of diabetes

polyphagia (POL-ee-FAY-jee-uh)excessive hunger may be a signof diabetes

polyuria (POL-ee-YOO-ree-uh)excessive urination may be asign of diabetes

postprandial blood glucose

(pohst-PRAN-dee-uhl) (bluhd)(GLOO-kohss) the blood

glucose level 1 to 2 hours aftereating

pramlintide acetate (PRAMlin-tyd) (ASS-ih-tayt) aninjectable medicine used totreat diabetes Pramlintide helpsfood move more slowly throughthe stomach and helps keepthe liver from releasing stored glucose Pramlintide belongsto the class of medicines called amylin mimetics (Brand name Symlin)

45



46

Prandin (PRAN-din) see repaglinide

Precose (PREE-kohss) see acarbose

prediabetes (PREE-dy-uh-BEE-teez) a condition in which blood

glucose levels are higher thannormal but are not high enoughfor a diagnosis of diabetes People with prediabetes are atincreased risk for developing type 2 diabetes heart diseaseand stroke Other names forprediabetes are impaired glucose

tolerance and impaired fasting

glucose

pre-mixed insulin (PREE-MIKSD)(IN-suh-lin) a commerciallyproduced combination oftwo different types of insulin Several types are available

983150 Pre-mixed NPH and regular

insulin

bull 70 percent NPH and30 percent regular (Brandnames Humulin 7030 Novolin 7030 )

bull 50 percent NPH and50 percent regular (Brandname Humulin 5050 )

983150 Pre-mixed insulin lispro suspension and insulin lispro

bull 75 percent insulin lisproprotamine and 25 percentinsulin lispro (Brand name Humalog Mix 7525 )


983150 Pre-mixed insulin aspart

protamine suspension andinsulin aspart

bull 70 percent insulin aspartprotamine and 30 percentinsulin aspart (Brand name NovoLog Mix 7030 )

preprandial blood glucose (pree-PRAN-dee-uhl) (bluhd)(GLOO-kohss) the blood

glucose level before eating

prevalence (PREV-uh-luhnss) the number of people in a givengroup or population who arereported to have a disease

P



P

proinsulin (proh-IN-suh-lin)the substance made first in the pancreas and then broken intoseveral pieces to become insulin

proliferative retinopathy (prohLIF-ur-uh-tiv) (RET-ih-NOP

uh-thee) a condition in whichfragile new blood vessels growalong the retina and in the vitreous humor of the eye

prosthesis (pross-THEE-siss)a man-made substitute for amissing body part such as an armor a leg

protein (PROH-teen) 1 one ofthe three main nutrientsin food Foods that provideprotein include meat poultryfish cheese milk dairy products eggs and dried beans2 proteins are also used in the

body for cell structure hormonessuch as insulin and otherfunctions

Sources of protein

47

proteinuria (proh-teen-YOOree-uh) a condition in whichthe urine contains large amountsof protein a sign that the kidneys

are not working properly

proximal neuropathy (PROK-sih

muhl) (noo-ROP-uh-thee) atype of neuropathy that causespain in the thighs hips orbuttocks and leads to weaknessin the legs

pump see insulin pump



R

rapid-acting insulin (RA-pid-AKting) (IN-suh-lin) a type ofinsulin with an onset of15 minutes a peak at 30 to90 minutes and a duration of3 to 5 hours See insulin aspart

insulin glulisine and insulin

lispro

rebound hyperglycemia (REEbound) (HY-pur-gly-SEEmee-uh) see Somogyi effect

receptors (ree-SEP-turz) seeinsulin receptors

Recognized Diabetes EducationPrograms (REH-kig-NYZD)(DY-uh-BEE-teez) (EH-juhKAY-shuhn) (PROH-gramz) diabetes selfmanagement

education programs that areapproved by the AmericanDiabetes Association

regular insulin (REH-gyuh-lur)(IN-suh-lin) a short-actinginsulin with an onset of 30 to60 minutes a peak of 2 to 4 hoursand a duration of 5 to 8 hours

Also called R insulin (Brandnames Humulin R Novolin R)

renal (REE-nuhl) of or relating tothe kidneys A renal disease isa disease of the kidneys Renalfailure means the kidneys havestopped working

renal threshold of glucose (REE

nuhl) (THRESH-ohld) (uhv)(GLOO-kohss) the blood

glucose concentration at whichthe kidneys start to excrete glucose into the urine

repaglinide (ruh-PAG-luh-nyd)an oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes Repaglinidelowers blood glucose by helpingthe pancreas make more insulin

right after meals Repaglinidebelongs to the class of medicinescalled meglitinides (Brandname Prandin)

retina (RET-ih-nuh) the light-

sensitive layer of tissue thatlines the back of the eye

retinal hemorrhages (RET-ih-nuhl)(HEM-uh-ruhj-ez) bleeding blood vessels in the retina whichcan cause protein deposits orexudates in the retina Laser

surgery is required to preventblindness Retinal hemorrhageis a common form of diabetic

retinopathy

48



RndashS

retinopathy (RET-ih-NOPuh-thee) see background

retinopathy proliferative

retinopathy and diabetic

retinopathy

R insulin (AR) (IN-suh-lin) see

regular insulin

Riomet (RY-oh-met) see metformin

risk factor anything that raises thechances of a person developing adisease

rosiglitazone (rohss-ih-GLIHtuh-zohn) an oral medicineused to treat type 2 diabetes

Rosiglitazone helps treat insulin

resistance the condition in which your body doesnrsquot use insulin

the way it should Rosiglitazonebelongs to the class of medicines

called thiazolidinediones (Brandname Avandia)

saccharin (SAK-uh-rin) a dietarysweetener with no calories andno nutritional value

saturated fat a type of dietary fat that can increase the riskof heart disease Saturated fat

is found in meat poultry skinbutter lard shortening and allmilk and dairy products exceptfat-free versions

secondary diabetes (SEK-uhn-DAIR-ee) (DY-uh-BEE-teez)a type of diabetes caused byanother disease or certain drugsor chemicals

self-management the ongoingprocess of managing diabetes

Includes meal planning plannedphysical activity blood glucose

monitoring taking diabetesmedicines handling episodes of

illness and of low blood glucoseand high blood glucose managingdiabetes when traveling andmore The person with diabetesdesigns his or her own self-management treatment plan inconsultation with a variety ofhealth care professionals such

as doctors nurses dietitians pharmacists and others

sharps container a container forthe disposal of used needlesand syringes often made ofhard plastic so needles cannotpenetrate the container

49



S

short-acting insulin (short-AK-ting)(IN-suh-lin) a type of insulin

with an onset of 30 to 60 minutesa peak at 2 to 4 hours and a duration of 5 to 8 hours See regular insulin

side effects the unintendedaction(s) of a drug

sitagliptin phosphate (sih-tuhGLIP-tin) (FOSS-fayt) an oralmedicine used to treat type 2

diabetes Sitagliptin lowers blood

glucose by helping the body makemore insulin when itrsquos neededIt also helps keep the liver fromputting stored glucose into theblood Sitagliptin belongs tothe class of medicines called DPP4 inhibitors (Brand name Januvia)

sliding scale a set of instructions

for adjusting insulin on the basisof blood glucose test resultsmeals or activity levels

Somogyi effect (soh-MOH jee) (uh-FEKT) when the blood glucose level swings highfollowing low blood glucose or

hypoglycemia The Somogyieffect may follow an untreatedhypoglycemic episode duringthe night and is caused by therelease of stress hormones Alsocalled rebound hyperglycemia

sorbitol (SOR-bih-tol) 1 a sugar

alcohol mdasha sweetenermdashwith4 calories per gram 2 asubstance produced by thebody in people with diabetes

that can cause damage to theeyes and nerves

split mixed dose division of aprescribed daily dose of insulin

into two or more injections givenover the course of the day

starch another name for carbohydrate one of the threemain nutrients in food

Starlix (STAR-liks) see nateglinide

stroke a condition in which theblood supply to the brain issuddenly cut off caused by ablockage or the bursting ofa blood vessel in the brain or

neck Then brain tissue can bedamaged A stroke can causea person to lose the ability tospeak or move parts of the body

subcutaneous injection (SUHBkyoo-TAY-nee-uhss) (in-JEKshuhn) putting a fluid intothe tissue under the skin with aneedle and syringe

sucralose (SOO-kruh-LOHSS) adietary sweetener made from sugar but with no calories and nonutritional value

50



S

sucrose (SOO-krohss) a two-part sugar made of glucose and fructose Known as table sugar or white sugar it is found naturallyin sugar cane and beets

sugar 1 a class of carbohydrates

with a sweet taste includes glucose fructose and sucrose

2 a term used to refer to blood

glucose

sugar alcohols sweeteners thatproduce a smaller rise in blood

glucose than other carbohydrates

Their calorie content is about2 calories per gram Includeserythritol hydrogenated starchhydrolysates isomalt lactitolmaltitol mannitol sorbitol and xylitol Also known as polyols

sugar diabetes (SHU-gur) (DY-uhBEE-teez) former term for

diabetes mellitus

sulfonylurea (SUHL-foh-nil yoo-REE-uh) a class of oralmedicine for type 2 diabetes

that lowers blood glucose byhelping the pancreas make moreinsulin and by helping the body

better use the insulin it makes(Generic namesBrand names chlorpropamideDiabinese

glimepirideAmaryl glipizide

Glucotrol Glucotrol XL glyburide

DiaBeta Glynase PresTab

Micronase tolazamide [genericonly] tolbutamide [generic only])

Sunett (SOO-net) see acesulfame

potassium

Symlin (SIM-lin) see pramlintide

acetate

Syndrome X see insulin resistance

and metabolic syndrome

syringe (suh-RINJ) a device usedto inject medications or otherliquids into body tissues Thesyringe for insulin has a hollowplastic tube with a plunger insideand a needle on the end

Syringe

systolic pressure (siss-TOL-ik)(PRESH-ur) the blood pressure

when the heart pushes blood outinto the arteries

51



T

team management a diabetes

treatment approach in whichmedical care is provided by ateam of health care professionalsincluding a doctor dietitian

nurse diabetes educator andothers The team provides

information and advises theperson with diabetes

thiazolidinedione (THY-uhZOHL-ih-deen-DY-ohn) aclass of oral medicine for type 2

diabetes that helps insulin take glucose from the blood into

the cells for energy by makingcells more sensitive to insulin(Generic namesBrand names pioglitazoneActos rosiglitazone

Avandia)

TIA (TEE-EYE-AY) see transient

ischemic attack

tight control see intensive therapy

tinea pedis (TIN-ee-uh) (PEEdiss) see athletersquos foot

TNDM see transient neonatal

diabetes mellitus

tolazamide (tol-AZ-uh-myd)

an oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes Tolazamidelowers blood glucose by helpingthe pancreas make moreinsulin and by helping the bodybetter use the insulin it makesTolazamide belongs to the classof medicines called sulfonylureas

(Available only in generic form) 52

tolbutamide (tol-BYOO-tuh-myd)an oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes Tolbutamidelowers blood glucose by helpingthe pancreas make moreinsulin and by helping the bodybetter use the insulin it makes

Tolbutamide belongs to the classof medicines called sulfonylureas

(Available only in generic form)

trans fat a type of dietary fat

that increases the risk of heartdisease Trans fat is produced

when liquid oils are turned

into solids through a processcalled hydrogenation Foods

with trans fat include thoselisting hydrogenated or partiallyhydrogenated fat on thelabel such as crackers snackfoods commercially producedbaked goods and some stick

margarines

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

(TRANZ-see-uhnt) (iss-KEEmik) (uh-TAK) a condition in

which blood flow to the brain istemporarily blocked TIAs cancause temporary weakness or

numbness sudden confusiondizziness vision problems orsevere headache



T

transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

(TNDM) (TRANZ-see-uhnt)(NEE-oh-NAY-tuhl) (DY-uhBEE-teez) (MEH-luh-tuhss) arare monogenic form of diabetes

that occurs in the first 6 monthsof life TNDM disappears

during infancy but can reappearlater in life

transplant (TRANZ-plant)replacement of a damaged ordiseased organ with a healthyone

triglyceride (try-GLISS-ur-eyed)the storage form of fat in thebody High triglyceride levelsmay occur when diabetes is outof control

type 1 diabetes (typ) (whuhn)(DY-uh-BEE-teez) a conditioncharacterized by high blood

glucose levels caused by a totallack of insulin Occurs whenthe bodyrsquos immune system attacksthe insulin-producing beta cells

in the pancreas and destroysthem The pancreas thenproduces little or no insulinType 1 diabetes develops most

often in young people but canappear in adults

type 2 diabetes (typ) (too) (DY-uhBEE-teez) a conditioncharacterized by high blood

glucose levels caused by eithera lack of insulin or the bodyrsquosinability to use insulin efficientlyType 2 diabetes develops most

often in middle-aged andolder adults but can appearin children teens and youngpeople

type I diabetes (typ) (whuhn)(DY-uh-BEE-teez) formerterm for type 1 diabetes

type II diabetes (typ) (too) (DY-uhBEE-teez) former term for type 2 diabetes

53



U

U-100 (YOO-whuhn-HUHN-dred)see unit of insulin

UKPDS see United Kingdom

Prospective Diabetes Study

ulcer (UHL-sur) a deep opensore or break in the skin

United Kingdom Prospective

Diabetes Study (UKPDS)

(yoo-NY-ted) (KING-duhm)(pruh-SPEK-tiv) (STUHD-ee)a British study conducted from1977 to 1997 in people with type 2 diabetes The study

showed that if people loweredtheir blood glucose they loweredtheir risk of eye disease and kidney damage In additionthose with type 2 diabetes and hypertension who lowered their blood pressure also reducedtheir risk of stroke eye damage

and death from long-term complications

unit of insulin (YOO-nit) (uhv)(IN-suh-lin) the basic measureof insulin U100 insulin means100 units of insulin per milliliter(mL) or cubic centimeter (cc)

of solution Most insulin madetoday in the United States isU-100

urea (yoo-REE-uh) a wasteproduct found in the bloodthat results from the normal

breakdown of protein in the liver

Urea is normally removed fromthe blood by the kidneys andthen excreted in the urine

uremia (yoo-REE-mee-uh) theillness associated with the

buildup of urea in the bloodbecause the kidneys are not

working effectively Symptomsinclude nausea vomiting loss ofappetite weakness and mentalconfusion

urinalysis (YOOR-ih-NAL-ih-siss)a test of a urine sample that canreveal many problems of theurinary tract and other bodysystems The sample may beobserved for color cloudinessconcentration signs of drug usechemical composition including glucose the presence of protein

blood cells or germs or othersigns of disease

urine (YOOR-in) liquid wasteproduct filtered from the bloodby the kidneys stored in thebladder and expelled from thebody by the act of urinating

urologist (yoo-ROL-uh-jist) adoctor who treats people whohave urinary tract problems

A urologist also cares for men who have problems with theirgenital organs such as erectile

dysfunction

54



V

vaginal yeast (VAJ-ih-nuhl) (yeest)see Candida

vascular (VASS-kyoo-lur) relatingto the bodyrsquos blood vessels

Vascular system

vein (vayn) a blood vessel thatcarries blood to the heart

very-low-density lipoprotein

(VLDL) cholesterol (VAIR

ee-loh-DEN-sih-tee) (LIP-ohPROH-teen) (koh-LESS-tur-ol)see VLDL cholesterol

vitrectomy (vih-TREK-tuh-mee)surgery to restore sight in whichthe surgeon removes the cloudy vitreous humor in the eye andreplaces it with a salt solution

vitreous humor (VIT-ree-uhss)

(HYOO-mur) the clear gel thatlies behind the eyersquos lens and infront of the retina

VLDL cholesterol (VEE-ELDEE-EL) (koh-LESS-tur-ol)stands for very-low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol A formof cholesterol in the bloodHigh levels may be related to cardiovascular disease

void (voyd) to urinate to emptythe bladder

55



WndashX

wound care steps taken to ensure a wound such as a foot ulcer healscorrectly People with diabetes

need to take special precautionsso wounds do not becomeinfected

xylitol (ZY-lih-tol) a carbohydratebased sweetener found in plantsand used as a substitute for sugar provides calories Foundin some mints and chewing gum

56





Notes

58



National Diabetes

Information Clearinghouse

1 Information WayBethesda MD 20892ndash3560Phone 1ndash800ndash860ndash8747TTY 1ndash866ndash569ndash1162Fax 703ndash738ndash4929Email ndicinfoniddknihgov Internet wwwdiabetesniddknihgov

The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) is a serviceof the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(NIDDK) The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Healthof the US Department of Health and Human Services Establishedin 1978 the Clearinghouse provides information about diabetes topeople with diabetes and to their families health care professionalsand the public The NDIC answers inquiries develops and distributes

publications and works closely with professional and patientorganizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources aboutdiabetes

Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed byboth NIDDK scientists and outside experts

This publication is not copyrighted The Clearinghouse encouragesusers of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies asdesired

This publication is available at wwwdiabetesniddknihgov

This publication may contain information about medications Whenprepared this publication included the most current information availableFor updates or for questions about any medications contact the US Foodand Drug Administration toll-free at 1ndash888ndashINFOndashFDA (1ndash888ndash463ndash6332)or visit wwwfdagov Consult your doctor for more information



US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

AND HUMAN SERVICES










US Department

of Health and

Human Services




Pronunciation Guide


Vowels

a cat batah f ather






standing alone)


ihr near here







Consonantsb bat job

ch chop itch

d dig bed

f f ur tough calf

g grape bigh happy

j joke nudge


m move jam

n not kneeng ring

p play hop

r rain fur

s set tips


t toy boat

th breath


zh measure



1









kidney disease






diabetes








A








disease See albumin











monitoring




2



A





Symlin)
















glulisine



3



A




















sides of the feet



be foreign

4



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



Pronunciation Guide


Vowels

a cat batah f ather






standing alone)


ihr near here







Consonantsb bat job

ch chop itch

d dig bed

f f ur tough calf

g grape bigh happy

j joke nudge


m move jam

n not kneeng ring

p play hop

r rain fur

s set tips


t toy boat

th breath


zh measure



1









kidney disease






diabetes








A








disease See albumin











monitoring




2



A





Symlin)
















glulisine



3



A




















sides of the feet



be foreign

4



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



1









kidney disease






diabetes








A








disease See albumin











monitoring




2



A





Symlin)
















glulisine



3



A




















sides of the feet



be foreign

4



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



A








disease See albumin











monitoring




2



A





Symlin)
















glulisine



3



A




















sides of the feet



be foreign

4



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



A





Symlin)
















glulisine



3



A




















sides of the feet



be foreign

4



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



A




















sides of the feet



be foreign

4



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



AndashB
















5



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



B






glucosereading

Blood glucose meter




diabetes








6



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



7








18 and

below is

underweight

19 to 24 is

normal

25 to 29 is

overweight

30 and

above is

obese










urea nitrogen






C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



C











capillaries




8



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



C






















9



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



C






monitoring system



joint mobility








walls




disease


and heart



claudication

10



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



C












painful












11



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



C






disease






stroke








12



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



D



Complications Trial





vomiting




















readings each day

13



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



14













D



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



D















disease






chlorpropamide


15



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



D






dialysis



Hemodialysis






dialysis




16



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



D















Dilated eye

Undilated eye

17



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



D











and glimepiride







18



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



E























19



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



20











Endash

Sources of fat





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES





weakness or pain






per gram

G











mellitus

21



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



G








water




(Brand name Amaryl)










22



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



G



hypoglycemia






Glucose tablets








PresTab Micronase)




23



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



GndashH



in the urine











infarction







syndrome

24



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



H










stopping again





insulin


insulin









25



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



H









or death





problems and death





26



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



HndashI




reaction








autoantibodies


autoantibodies


autoantibodies


mellitus



glucose tolerance





27



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



28



















I



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



I

























29



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



I


















30



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



I












Langerhans



31



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



JndashK











ketoacidosis







32



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



KndashL


Kidneys

Kidneys





stage renal disease









monitoring


glargine



33



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



L





glucose levels




cholesterol









disease


34










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES










Liver

Liver




glargine







infection

35



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



M


women with diabetes

Macrosomia


















36



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



M
























(Brand name Glyset)

37



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



M













(MODY)



38



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



N



steatohepatitis















(TNDM)










39



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



N























40








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES








insulin






O


index of 30 or more




test



began



Ophthalmologist

41



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



42














O



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



P





Pancreas

Pancreas





(Byetta)




glucose levels






43



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



P













arterial disease






Pharmacist

44



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



P







diabetes mellitus















45



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



46






glucose



insulin












P



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



P







Sources of protein

47








R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



R



lispro

















retinopathy

48



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



RndashS




retinopathy


regular insulin


















49



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



S






















50



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



S





glucose





diabetes mellitus









potassium


acetate




Syringe



51



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



T








Avandia)


ischemic attack




diabetes mellitus












margarines







T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



T
















53



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



U























dysfunction

54



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



V



Vascular system










55



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



WndashX




56





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES





Notes

58



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES



National Diabetes












AND HUMAN SERVICES




AND HUMAN SERVICES

Dictionary 508

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Transcript of Dictionary 508