Diastrophism
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Transcript of Diastrophism
AS TR O PIS
plate tectonics
Continental Drift Theory
DIASTROPHISM
DIASTROPHISM a presentation by: RUFFIE NYHL
CRUZ
DIASTROPHISM
FAULT is a fracture in the Earth’s crust along which measurable movement has occurred
TRENCH is a slope formed between two converging plates. They form from movement of faults.
PLATES is composed of a continental crust and an oceanic crust
PLATE TECTONICS is the movement of plates
DEFINITIONS
CONTINENTS – it compose the Earth’s lithosphere or the Earth’s crust
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY – a theory that states that the world came from a single super continent.
PANGAEA – is the super continentALFRED WEGENER – proposed the
Continental Drift Theory
DEFINITIONS
INTRUSION-pushes from the magma below that causes the surface to bulge.
FOLDING-bending upward and downward causing crumples in the surface.
CONVECTION CURRENT -movement pattern of magma and pressure in the mantle.
MAGMA-is hot molten material stored below the Earth’s crust.
DEFINITIONS
A general term that refers to the deformation of the Earth’s Crust, specifically folding and faulting.
It comes from the Greek word meaning “a twisting”.
DIASTROPHISM
Fault is a fracture in the Earth’s crust along which measurable movement has occurred.
.
FAULTS AND TRENCHES
Dip-slip-movement is up and down.
Strike-slip-movement is parallel.
TYPES OF FAULT
a . CONVERGENT
b . D IVERGENT
c . TRANSFORM
FAULT MOVEMENTS
One of the most active and the
most famous fault is the San
Andreas Fault in California.It is
said to move 1-10cm or 0.4-4.0
inches a year.
Trench is a slope between 2 converging plates.
Trenches form from the movement of faults.
TRENCH
The Philippine Archipelago and the Philippine trench alongside it may have been created by the movements of the China Plate and the Philippine Plate.
China Plate includes a large part of Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Borneo
and the Philippines. The Philippine Plate includes the Philippine sea, a part of
western Pacific ocean, islands of Palau, Yap, Marianas, Volcano and Bonin.
THE PHILIPPINE TRENCH
W hat forces affect crustal movements?
-push or a pull of magma in the Earth’s mantle
-convection currents-pressure
What forces affect crustal movements?
H ow do these forces affect the crust?
H ow do these forces affect the crust?
Although solid, the Earth’s crust may be pushed or pulled out of shape by great forces exerted on it over long periods of time. In short the Earth’s
crust is an elastic solid.
When a part of the crust is pushed form opposite directions it crumples, bending upward and
downward. This process is called
Pushes from magma below moving up and filling spaces
between rock layers may cause the surface to bulge, forming hills
and mountains. The process is called
intrusion
Unequal pulls and pushes on the crust from different directions
may become greater than the elastic limit of the rocks. Large
cracks may form. Continued pulling and pushing lengthens and widens the cracks, forming
faults.
A block of rock between two faults may either sink or rise.
Sunken rocks between faults are known as graben while rocks that
rise from two faults are called horst.
The process of moving Plates is called tectonics.
Thus, Plate Tectonics Theory deals with the movement of crustal plates.
This movements may be because of convection currents.
PLATE TECTONICS
Each plate is consists of an continental crust on top of an oceanic crust, or of an oceanic crust alone.
Earth has 6 major plates; Eurasian, African, Australian, American, Antarctic and the Pacific Plates.
PLATES
CONTINENTS
PANGAEACONTINENTS
CONTINENTS
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
n 1915, Alfred Wegener, suggested that about 200 million years ago the world had one large landmass, one continent. He called it Pangaea, a Greek word meaning for “all the world”.
I
ALFRED WEGENER
Supported the Continental Drift Theory of Alfred Wegener.
Concerned in the spreading of the mid Atlantic ridge.
The formation of the Red Sea between Saudi Arabia and Africa occurred in the same manner.
SEA FLOOR SPREADING
GLOMAR CHALLENGER
EARTH
…at present
EARTH
…million years ago
EARTH
Did you know???
W HO CAN GUESS???
Did you know that. . .1.One of the most active and the most
famous fault is the San Andreas Fault in
California. It is said to move 1-10cm or
0.4-4.0 inches a year.2.Faults that do not have regular activity may not move for several decades, but when it moves, it will trigger a
sudden 3ft or more in less than a second.
3.The Atlantic ocean floor has been found to be
widening by about 2.5cm a year.
4.The average temperature of the Earth
increases at a rate of about 3degrees
Celsius(5F) per 100m(330ft) of depth.
5.The Earth’s core is now about4,500C or
8,100F.
Did you know that. . . Did you know that. . .
DIASTROPHISM
DIASTROPHISM presented by: RUFFIE NYHL CRUZ
DIASTROPHISM
NAS102 TUESDAYS & FRIDAYS 02:30-04:00 ESLAB