Diaspora and the Global Economic Crisis Presentation
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Transcript of Diaspora and the Global Economic Crisis Presentation
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8/14/2019 Diaspora and the Global Economic Crisis Presentation
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National Indaba on the
Global Economic Crisis,
A Wake-up Call for Transformation
Mulungushi International Conference Centre
4-5th April 2009
Zambias Diaspora and Development
Chasaya Sichilima
(Zambia Diaspora Connect)
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Presentation OutlineInternational context of Diaspora value
Some basic statistics on Zambias Diaspora
Zambias Diaspora and the current globaleconomic crisis
Human Capital;
Investments;
Housing; and
Culture and Identity.
Diaspora - Government opportunities: in view of the
Global Economic Crisis
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Understanding Diaspora Value in an
International ContextSome working definitions:
Diaspora: Nationals that have emigrated, yet stillattached to their country of origin.
Brain Drain: Migration of trained and talented
individuals from one institution, or from onecountry or part of a country, to another in search ofbetter working conditions, a higher quality of lifeand/or a less hostile environment.
Source: Henry Kyambalesa, 2009
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Diaspora value in an International Context
(Contd)Country of origin benefits:Worker rise in real wages
Worker remittancesInvestor capital
Technological transfer
Growing human capital
Development of trade net works
Source Ratha and Maimbo 2005
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Diaspora Value in an International
Context (Contd)If benefits are neglected/not actively
managed net results are:Skill shortages
Reduction in productivity
Tax Short falls
One third of individuals with tertiary
education from Africa, the Carribean, andCentral America emigrated to the US orOECD countriesCarrington & Detragiache, (1998)estimate.
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Diaspora Value in an International Context
(Contd.) Case examples
China: Support integrated package with focus on Research& Development
India: Bangalore, the Worlds Call Centre, and Worldslargest software exporter are returnees from SiliconValley.
Ghana: Ministry of the Diaspora; Remittances trends havegrown geometrically
South Africa: Skills Network, transferring technology,disseminating culture
Nigeria: Housing and the bilateral arrangement with theBritish
Ethiopia: Restaurants, Diaspora Bonds Source UNDP
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Some Basic statistics on Zambias Diaspora
Emigrant stock: 150,281
For the period 2003-2006 Remittances were 2003 2004 2005 2006
Inward 36 48 53 58
Source WB
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Zambia Diaspora Advocacy
Dual Citizenship Petition 2003 and 2008
2003 petition started in UK, went to US, Canadaand went global
Submitted to Constitutional Review Commission
2008 petition started in Australia, went global andwithin 6 days had over 1000 petitioners submitted
to National Constitutional Conference.Leaving the question of, how do we move on
while waiting for NCC?
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Zambia Diaspora Advocacy
Project Diaspora Citizenry 2007/2008
A Ministry of Finance initiative which required:
-Measures of Diaspora Demand
-Stakeholder Institutional Capacity, amongstDiaspora as well as in Government
-Statistical information on demography of
DiasporaThese needs led to: 2008 Zambia Diaspora E-
Conference by Zambia Diaspora Connect
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference 2008:
ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess diaspora
demand for government intervention in fourthematic areas by answering the questions:
1. How can Zambians living abroad participate inZambias development in the areas of commercialinvestment, land and housing, and the development ofhuman-capital?
2. How can government facilitate investment in
commerce, land and housing development, and human-capital transfer to Zambia, by Zambians living abroad?
3. How can government and Zambians livingabroad, together strengthen the diasporas sense ofidentity, citizenry and commitment to Zambia?
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference 2008:
ProcessA conference was called for Diaspora members to
convene by Internet
Invitations were sent through the Embassies andZambia Associations Abroad
The Conference was organized under four themes- Human Capital
- Housing
- Investment
- Culture and Identity
Running from 14th October to 24th October 2008
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference 2008:
Principal FindingsHuman Capital: Potentials and Constraints
There are mutual benefits for Zambia and her
Diaspora collaborating includingInstitutional Networking,
Marketing Exports; &
Promoting volunteerism
Constraints: Diaspora , often viewed with an evileye, lack collective organization and hesitation
based on the passage of dual nationality clauseinto the constitution.
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference 2008:
Principal Findings
Investments: Potentials and constraints
Investments from Zambians abroad was viewed as
good from the perspective of;investor capital, higher technology transfer,relatively higher levels of human capital and tradenet works
Communicative distances were cited as a primaryconstraint; coupled with
Risk from lack of market information, transactioncontrol, and third party arrangements
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference
2008: Principal Findings
Housing: Potentials and constraints
-With respect to potentials building new
houses in Zambia would create additionalhousing stock, with international designs.
-Constraints predominantly are those of riskassociated with security, market price
fluctuations of building materials, scarcity,further affecting financial risk
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference 2008:
Principal FindingsCulture and Identity: Potentials and constraints
-Potentials for culture include use of literature,
music, food, spoken languages and Internet mediato enhance community/social capital, as well asmarket Zambias tourist abroad.
Constraints arise over the important matters of
Identity in the lack of:-Passport renewal mechanisms/information.
-Constitutional Provision for Dual Citizenship
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference 2008:
Some Key SolutionsHuman Capital:
Widening the scope of opportunities for
volunteeringCreating government supported skills networks
linked to universities and other institutions.
Investments
Availing investment information more easily through e-government
Develop a Diaspora chamber of commerce to providespring boards for any consortium arrangements as wellas to lobby.
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Zambia Diaspora e-conference
2008: Some Key SolutionsHousingAvail information on land, housing, risks and supply of
building materials.
Culture and IdentityGovernment should recognise focal persons among
Zambians abroad as honorary envoys.
An e-governance system developed to manage the
administration of diaspora identitiesUse of the Diaspora to promote tourism
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Diaspora - Government Opportunities:
in View of the Global Economic Crisis Passport renewal and dual citizenship: Expeditethese
processes to provide prospective Zambians abroad assurances oftheir future.
Macro economic level: Consider the issuance of Diaspora bonds,by Bank of Zambia, with secondary trading potential on LuSE.
Administrative Mgt: Reduce costs, out-contract consular servicesto Diaspora, and reduce consular process to a unit in the Ministryof Foreign Affairs.
Diaspora policy: Should be developed to outline government
regard for Diaspora initiatives Diaspora Act Policy Contestation: Create policy space for formulation and
reviews to receive input from Diaspora.
Sectoral Targeting: Open up the Tourism sector for expressionsof interest across the board for Diaspora investment.
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Thank-you