Diabetes & Self Monitoring

8/12/2019 Diabetes & Self Monitoring

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Diabetes and SelfMoni tor ing


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What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition in which there is too much sugar

(glucose) in the blood. Although sugar is needed to provide

energy for the body, when in excess, it causes problem.

Persons with diabetes have excess sugar because they lack or

have deficient supply of insulin.


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Diabetes

Mild Disease

Serious cons equences


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Diabetes Mell i tusA Serious Disease

Leading cause of new

cases of blindness

25 times more prone to

eye problems

6 times higher risk for

Paralysis (stroke)


Kidney failure


lower limb amputationNerve damage causes

loss of sensation

2-3 times higher risk for

heart attack


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What Are Common Symptoms

of Diabetes ?

Frequent Urination

Hunger

Weight loss

Excessive thirst

Other Symptoms like:

Fatigue

Unusual Infections

Blurred vision

Dry and itchy skin etc


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How do you Manage You r Diabetes?

Follow a Healthy

Meal Plan

Take your

Medication

Regular Exercise

Test blood sugar

Regularly


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Diabetes Self-management

Understanding diabetes, its management and theproblems

associated with it

Participation in decision making and taking an active part

in day

to day management

Monitoring and keeping track of your blood sugar

It requires determination, effort and time

It requires willingness for self-care

It requires close co-ordination with your doctor and the diabetes care

team


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Benefi ts of Normal Blood Sugar

Normal blood sugar

Improves your sense of well being

Restores energy

Makes you symptom free

Helps prevent long term complications of diabetes


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Learn to recognize and manage hypoglycemia and sick day

problems

Visit your doctor and diabetes care team regularly and carry outother tests and examinations as advised

Make all efforts to control your diabetes with help of your

diabetes care team to prevent long term complications

Self Management

What is Requ ired?


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Methods of Sel f-mon i tor ing

Home monitoring and recording of

blood sugar using glucose meters, or color strips

urine sugar and ketones using strips or reagents


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Sel f Mon i tor ing of B lood Sugar

You r Too l to Good Con trol !

It allows you to determine pattern of blood sugar level and

make necessary changes in your food and activity program or

insulin / OHA dose

Allows you to respond quickly to a rise or fall in blood sugar

Useful in preventing long term complications


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Home Moni tor ing of B lood Sugar

Check when and how often to monitor - suggested times

include

Fasting, before lunch and dinner

2 hrs after breakfast, lunch and dinner

3 AM

Test more often

When not well

Suspect hypoglycemia

During pregnancy

When changing treatment or not in control


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What is needed

Lancet

Test strips

Cotton swab

Glucose meter or color chart

Steps

Clean and dry hands

Puncture skin of finger (side), squeeze out large drop of blood

Apply blood to test strip, and do as per instructions

Apply cotton swab to puncture

Note and record result

Home Moni tor ing of B lood Sugar


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Urine Testing Positive only when blood sugar is high > 180 mg/dl.

Messy, not accurate but non invasive and less expensive

Not useful to detect and document hypoglycemia

Very useful in testing for ketones

What is needed

Test tube to collect urine

Test strips

Steps Collect urine in test tube (second void preferable for urine sugar)

Dip test strip in urine and do as per instructions

Note and record result

Home Mon i tor ing of Ur ine Sugar

and Ketones


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Why Test fo r Ketones in the Urine?

Ketones are acid waste products formed when the liver burns

fat for energy

Produced when level of insulin is very low and blood sugar is rising

Accumulate in the bloodstream and spill into the urine

Can be detected by special test strips

Provide warning that blood sugar is out of control

High levels can lead to life threatening Ketoacidosis requiring prompt

treatment and frequent monitoring


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When to Test for Ketones?

Sick, high fever or a stressful medical, physical or emotional

condition

Blood sugar >250 mg/dl

Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain accompanied by severe

thirst and confusion

Peculiar fruity smell in breath


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What Is Glycosy lated Hemog lob in ?

HbA1c is a test that reflects the average of your blood sugar

levels over the past 2-3 months

Optimal value of the HbA1c is 7%

Higher value means, you had higher blood sugar levels for last

23 months

HbA1c maybe high despite one or two near normal blood sugarvalues in between


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Your Daily Diabetes Diary !

An important tool to learn and manage your diabetes

Helps keep record of

Food, activity and medications

Blood sugar and other tests

Weight changes

Hypos

It will help you to understand how your body responds to

different foods, to different situations, and to your medications


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Your Daily Diabetes Diary !

It will also help your diabetes care team to discuss andplan your treatment effectively


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Set You r Goals and

Ach ieve Them

Goal must be realistic and based on your need, lifestyle, healthand age

You and your diabetes care team must be equally involved insetting the goal

Once set, you and your diabetes care team must make all effortsto achieve it by appropriate monitoring and adjustments to yourfood, activity and medication

Blood Sugar

mg/dl

Good Borderline Poor

Fasting 80-110 111-140 > 140

Post Prandial 80-144 145-180 > 180


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Keep your blood sugar as close to good as possible toprevent long term complications. Take insulin, if advised.

Set You r Goals and

Ach ieve Them

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Diabetes & Self Monitoring

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