Diabetes Melissa Bess Nutrition and Health Education Specialist FNEP STAFF TRAINING ONLY, DO NOT USE...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Diabetes Melissa Bess Nutrition and Health Education Specialist FNEP STAFF TRAINING ONLY, DO NOT USE...
Diabetes
Melissa BessNutrition and Health Education
Specialist
FNEP STAFF TRAINING ONLY, DO NOT USE WITH FNEP PARTICIPANTS
07/2007
Overview
• Statistics• What is diabetes?• Blood glucose • Types of diabetes• Diabetes pyramid/nutrition• Relation to other chronic diseases• Prevention• Are you at risk?• Myths about diabetes
Statistics
• 20.8 million children and adults• 7% of the population• 14.6 million = diagnosed• 6.2 million = unaware• About equal in men and women• 2 to 4 times higher in non-Hispanic
blacks, Hispanic/Latino American, American Indian, and Asian/Pacific than non-Hispanic whites
• 5th deadliest disease in U.S., no cure
What is diabetes?
• Carbs digested into glucose• Glucose = energy for cells• Insulin (hormone) “unlocks” cells
for glucose• In diabetes:
– Not enough insulin– Insulin doesn’t work properly
• Exact cause is mystery but genetics and environment plays a role
When things work correctly
Glucose enters the cell
What goes wrong in diabetes
(Slide depicts insulin resistance – Body can’t use insulin)
Blood glucose
• Hypoglycemia– Low blood glucose
• Hyperglycemia– High blood glucose
• Fasting blood glucose– Healthy = under 100– Pre-diabetes = 100-125– Diabetes – 125 or higher
Types of diabetes
• Type I – Body does NOT produce insulin– 5-10% of Americans– Used to be called “juvenile-onset”
• Type II– Insulin resistance – body doesn’t use
insulin properly– May be combined with insulin deficiency– Larger percentage of people– Used to be called “adult-onset”
Types of diabetes
• Gestational diabetes– 4% of pregnant women in the U.S. each
year– Usually goes away after pregnancy
• Pre-diabetes– Higher blood glucose levels than
normal, but not high enough for diagnosis
– 54 million Americans– Proper steps can delay or prevent
diabetes
Symptoms of developing diabetes
• Extreme thirst• Frequent urination• Unexplained weight loss
• Contact a doctor if you exhibit these symptoms
Diabetes pyramid/nutrition
Source: American Diabetes Association
Diabetes pyramid/nutrition
• Carbs• What food groups are higher in
carbs?• Differences from Mypyramid• Serving sizes• Heart-healthy eating• Fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc.
Chronic diseases
• Those with diabetes:– 2x higher risk for heart disease– 4x higher risk for stroke
• Other complications:– Foot problems– Eye problems– Kidney problems– Teeth/gum problems
• People with diabetes must take care of themselves!
Prevention of diabetes
• Healthy eating• Exercise
– Exercise helps cell uptake glucose more effectively
• Lose extra weight• Monitor blood glucose
Are you at risk?
• Let’s take the quiz
Myths about diabetes
• Eating too much sugar causes diabetes• You should never eat carbs if you have
diabetes• If you have pre-diabetes, there is nothing
you can do to prevent Type II diabetes• You can catch diabetes from someone
else• Sugar raises blood glucose/blood sugar
more than other carbs do• Herbs and natural supplements can help
prevent or treat diabetes
For more info
• American Diabetes Association– www.diabetes.org
• National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse– http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/