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Transcript of DIABETES by PAULINE ANSINE BSN. RN. WHAT IS DIABETES Diabetes is a serious lifelong condition that...
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DIABETES
by
PAULINE ANSINE BSN. RN
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WHAT IS DIABETESDiabetes is a serious lifelong condition that cannot be cured, but can be managed.
With diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t make any or enough insulin.
Without insulin your blood glucose rises.
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There are 3 types of Diabetes.
Gestational
Type 1
Type 2
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GestationalA form of diabetes that occurs during the second half of pregnancy.
Typically goes away post delivery.
Can be at risk for type 2 diabetes.
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Type 1 Diabetes
Formerly called juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes.
Results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and associated with absolutely insulin deficiency.
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Type 2 DiabetesFormerly called adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Associated with insulin resistance.
Not making enough insulin to overcome insulin resistance.
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Characteristics of DiabetesType 1 Diabetes Type 2 DiabetesChildhoodUsually lean at diagnosis
Insulin sensitiveInsulinUsually negative
More common in whites
Middle adulthood
Typically overweight
Insulin resistant
Variable Commonly positive
More common in non-whites
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StatisticsApproximately 17million American (6.2%)
are believed to have diabetes.More than 1 million new cases occurs
each year since 2002.90 to 95% of patients with diabetes have
type 2 diabetes.It is estimated that between 21 to 22
million adults have type 2 diabetes. Direct or indirect cause of at least
200,000 deaths each year.5 to 10% of patients have type 1
diabetes.American Diabetes Association
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Warning signs of DiabetesExtreme thirstExtreme hungerUnexplained weight lossFatigue (feeling tired)Blurry visionFrequent infectionsFrequent urinationHeadache.Impotence
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Risk factors of type 2 Diabetes
RaceSleep deprivation CholesterolFamily historyIncreased blood pressureAgeObesity
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Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Symptoms include:HungerNervousness or shakinessSweating Light-headednessSleepinessConfusionanxiety
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Ketoacidosis (diabetic coma)Symptoms include:Fruity breath
Nausea & vomiting
Dry mouth
Shortness of breath
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Treatments of DiabetesMeal planning
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Medications
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Treatments cont. Physical activities
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How Diabetes is ManagedKnow the ABCs of Diabetes
A is for A1C: Tells the average blood glucose in the past 3 months.
B is for blood pressure: Your numbers tell the force of blood in your blood vessel.
C is for cholesterol: tells the amount of fat in your blood.
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A1C Test At least twice a year your healthcare provider shoulder order A1C check. This will tell you how well your treatment plan is working. ADA target: below 7%.
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Blood PressureHigh blood pressure can lead to heart attach, eye problems, and kidney disease.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends a target blood pressure of below 130/80 for most people with diabetes.
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ADA’s Cholesterol Recommendation
Cholesterol Normal values
LDL cholesterol (bad).
HDL (good)
Triglycerides
Below 100
Above 40 (men) & Above 50 for women.
Below 150
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Plasma glucose to A1CAverage plasma glucose
A1C level135 mg/dl
170mg/dl
205mg/dl
240mg/dl
275mg/dl
310mg/dl
340mg/dl
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
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ComplicationsEye Disease (retinopathy)
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Kidney Disease (nephropathy)
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Heart & Blood Vessel Disease
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Nerve Damage (neuropathy)
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Keep track of your glucose level
Using a glucose meter
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Getting your A1C checks
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Prevention of DiabetesBeing activeHealthy eatingTaking medicationReducing riskMonitoringAdequate sleepStress reduction
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Remember!!!It takes time to make new habits. But your patience and persistence will pay off in the long run.
? ? ? ?
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ReferencesBurke, S.D. (2010). Diabetes care and management.
Western Schools. http://www.westernschools.com. Choose to live: Your diabetes survival guide.
(2004).The ABCs of Diabetes. American College of Cardiology. http://www.diabetes.org.
Diabetes basic. (2011). Age, race, gender and family history. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org.
Diabetes Advisor. (2009). Understanding type 2 diabetes. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org.
Gebel, E. (2010). The role of sleep in type 2 diabetes. American Diabetes Association. http://www.forecast.diabetes.org.