Diabetes 101:A Brief Overview of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association

After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the bodys main source of energy.What Happens When We Eat?

In people without diabetes, glucose stays in a healthy range becauseNormal Blood Glucose ControlInsulin is released at the right times and in the right amountsInsulin helps glucose enter cells

In diabetes, blood glucose builds up for several possible reasonsHigh Blood Glucose (Hyperglycemia)Too little insulin is madeLiver releases too much glucoseCells cant use insulin well

Symptoms of HyperglycemiaIncreased thirstIncreased urinationBlurry visionFeeling tiredSlow healing of cuts or woundsMore frequent infectionsWeight lossNausea and vomiting

Hyperglycemia Can Cause Serious Long-Term ProblemsBlindnessKidney diseaseNerve damageAmputationHeart attackStrokeChronic complications of diabetes

Two Main Types of DiabetesPancreas makes too little or no insulinType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesCells do not use insulin well (insulin resistance)Ability for pancreas to make insulin decreases over time

Type 1 Diabetes1 in 20 people with diabetes have type 1Most people are under age 20 when diagnosedBody can no longer make insulinInsulin is always needed for treatment

Symptoms of Type 1 DiabetesWeight lossLoss of energyIncreased thirstFrequent urinationDiabetic ketoacidosis (emergency condition of nausea, vomiting, dehydration. Can lead to coma)Symptoms usually start suddenly

Managing Type 1 DiabetesBlood glucose monitoringEducationHealthy food choicesPhysical activityInsulin

Before and After Insulin TreatmentDiscovery of insulin in 1921 changed type 1 from a deathsentence to a chronic disease7-year-old child before and 3 months after insulin therapy

Type 2 DiabetesMost people with diabetes have type 2Most people are over age 40 when diagnosed, but type 2 is becoming more common younger adults, children and teensType 2 is more likely in people who:Are overweightAre non-CaucasianHave a family history of type 2

Symptoms of Type 2 DiabetesUsually subtle or no symptoms in early stages:Increased thirstIncreased urinationFeeling tiredBlurred visionMore frequent infectionsSymptoms may be mistaken for other situations or problems1 in 4 with type 2 arent aware they have it

Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes May Change Over a LifetimeAlways Includes:EducationHealthy eatingBlood glucose monitoringPhysical ActivityMay Include:Medications, including insulin

Risk Factors for Type 2 DiabetesBeing overweightSedentary lifestyleFamily history of diabetesHistory of gestational diabetesAgeEthnic/racial background:African AmericanHispanic/LatinoNative AmericanAsian American

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults - BRFSS, 1991(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults - BRFSS, 1994(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults - BRFSS, 2000(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults - BRFSS, 2006(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)

Diabetes Trends Among U.S. Adults(Includes Gestational Diabetes)BRFSS, 1990, 1995 and 2001No Data 10%

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

2000Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults20101990

Diabetes in the United StatesNearly 26 million people in the U.S. have diabetes7 million people with diabetes are undiagnosed8.3% of the U.S. population26.9% of U.S. residents aged 65 years and older1.9 million Americans aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010Every 17 seconds, someone is diagnosed with diabetes

Source: National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011

Burden of Diabetes in the United StatesThe leading cause of:new blindness among adultskidney failure non-traumatic lower-limb amputationsIncreases the risk of heart attack and stroke by 2-4 fold7th leading cause of deathMortality rates 2-4 times greater than non-diabetic people of the same age

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Burden of Diabetes in the United StatesTotal direct and indirect cost of diagnosed diabetes is $245 billion a yearTotal diabetes-related costs are more when you add gestational diabetes, prediabetes, and undiagnosed diabetes1 in 5 health care dollars is spent caring for someone with diagnosed diabetes1 in 10 health care dollars is attributed directly to diabetes

What is Prediabetes?1 in 3 American adults (79 million) have prediabetesOccurs before type 2 diabetesBlood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet diabetesMost people with prediabetes dont know they have it

Is There Any Good News?Yes, we can reduce the chances of developing type 2 diabetes in high-risk people (weight loss, exercise, medications)Yes, we can reduce the chances of developing diabetes complications through: Blood glucose control (diet, monitoring, medication)Blood pressure controlCholesterol controlRegular visits to healthcare providersEarly detection and treatment of complications

Preventive Efforts Are KeyMost of the diabetes costs are due to end-stage complicationsInvestment of resources into early diagnosis, patient education, prevention and treatments pays off in:Longer livesIncreased productivityReduced costs over the long term

Steps to Lower Your Risk of Diabetes ComplicationsA1C < 7Blood pressure < 140/80Cholesterol (LDL) < 100, statin therapy for high riskGet help to quit smokingBe activeMake healthy food choicesTake care of your feetGet recommended screenings and early treatment for complications

The American Diabetes Association:What We Do - ResearchIn 2012, the Association made $34.6 million available to support diabetes researchThis funding supported 450 active projects performed by 400 investigators at 130 leading research institutionsOver the years, the Association has invested more than $640 million in diabetes research

The American Diabetes Association:What We Do - EducationCenter for Information and Community Support communicates through phone, email and chatsHealth fairs, programs, camps and other events target millions of people around the countryAward-winning books and Diabetes Forecast magazine for consumersJournals, books, and clinical guidelines for health care professionals Scientific Sessions: Largest diabetes meeting in the world

The American Diabetes Association:What We Do - Advocacy Seek increased federal and state funding for diabetes prevention, treatment and researchPromote public policies to prevent diabetes Advocate to improve the availability of accessible, adequate and affordable health careFight discrimination people with diabetes face at school, work, and elsewhere in their lives.

More Information1-800-DIABETESaskADA@diabetes.orgSocial media information:www.Facebook.com/AmericanDiabetesAssociation@AmDiabetesAssnwww.diabetesstopshere.orgWeb:www.diabetes.org www.stopdiabetes.com