Dhanwantari education programme 1
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Transcript of Dhanwantari education programme 1
Dhanwantari Education Programme
Different systems of our body
Muscular system
The muscular system is the largest system in the body. Muscles are located in practically every region of the body.The muscular system is made up of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control movement of the body.Muscles function is to produce force and cause motion. Muscles can cause either locomotion of the organism itself or movement of internal organs.
There are three distinct types of muscles: skeletal muscles, cardiac or heart muscles, and smooth muscles.
Muscles provide strength, balance posture , movement and heat for the body to keep warm. There are approximately 639 skeletal muscles .
Disorders of muscular system
Symptoms of Muscular diseases
Stiffness,Muscle pull, Cramp ,Spasm, Pain,Reduction in size,Loss of function
Tests for Muscular Diseases
Skeletal system
The Skeletal SystemThe human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. An average adult skeleton consists of 208 bones. There are five general classifications of bones, These are Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, and Sesamoid bones. Function: The Skeletal System serves many important functions; it provides the shape and form for our bodies in addition to supporting, protecting, allowing bodily movement, producing blood for the body, and storing minerals.
Disorders of Skeletal System
Symptoms of Skeletal System
Pain in jointSwelling of jointsRedness at jointMorning stiffnessRubbing sounds in jointsLow joint activityPain in long bones
Tests for skeletal Diseases
Nervous System
The nervous system is a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an organism's surroundings and itself.
The nervous system is divided broadly into two categories: the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Neurons generate and conduct impulses between and within the two systems.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of sensory neurons and the neurons that connect them to the nerve cord, spinal cord and brain, which make up the central nervous system.
In response to stimuli, sensory neurons generate and propagate signals to the central nervous system which then processes and conducts signals back to the muscles and glands.
The neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system.
Humans have about 100 billion neurons in their brain alone!
Disorders of Nervous System
Symptoms of Nervous System
TinglingNumbnessTicks TremorsPainLoss of sensationLoss of muscle powerLoss of function
Tests for Nervous system disorders
Endocrine System
The endocrine system is made up of a group of glands that produce the body's long-
distance messengers, or hormones. The endocrine system is an information signal system much like the
nervous system. However, the nervous system uses nerves to conduct information, whereas the endocrine system mainly uses blood vessels as information channels.
The major human endocrine glands include hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads or sex organs, pineal gland.
Functions: The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive processes.
Disorders of Endocrine System
Symptoms of Endocrine Disorders
Shortness of heightBone painHyper pigmentationUpper body obesityDry skinSudden loss of hairsExcessive eatingExcessive thirstExcessive urination
Tests for Endocrine Disorders
Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, nitrogen waste products, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. This system may be seen strictly as a blood distribution network, but some consider the circulatory system as composed of the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood, and the lymphatic system, which distributes lymph.On average, your body has about 5 liters of blood continually traveling through it by way of the circulatory system. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system. The pumping of the heart forces the blood on its journey.Two types of fluids move through the circulatory system: blood and lymph. The blood, heart, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system. The lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels form the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system collectively make up the circulatory system.The circulatory system is divided into three major parts: heart, blood and blood vessels.
Disorders of Cardiovascular System
Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disorders
Fullness of breath on exertion Chest painOedema on feetClaudication of feetNasal bleeding
Tests for Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
A respiratory system's function is to allow gas exchange. The anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.
Disorders of Respiratory System
Symptoms of Respiratory disorders
SneezingWatery discharge through noseCoughingFullness of breathSputum Blood in sputumChest painWheezing sounds of breathing
Tests for Respiratory disorders
Gastrointestinal System
The digestive system is one of the most complex systems of the body. The digestive system is made up of organs that break down food into vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair.The main organs of the digestive system are mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, appendix. Accessory organs to the alimentary canal include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.Digestion involves mixing food with digestive juices, moving it through the digestive tract, and breaking down large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when you chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine.In human body, food enters the mouth, being chewed by teeth, and broken down by the saliva from the salivary glands. Then it travels down the esophagus into the stomach, where acid begins physical break down of some food, and chemical alteration of some. The "leftovers" go through the small intestine, through the large intestine, and are excreted during defecation.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Symptoms of Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation NauseaVomitingGas in stomachLoss of appetiteHeartburnStomachacheLoose motion
Tests of Gastrointestinal disorders
URINARY SYSTEM
The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and the penis in males.
After your body has taken what it needs from the food, waste products are left behind in the blood and in the bowel. The urinary system works with the lungs, skin, and intestines -all of which also excrete wastes- to keep the chemicals and water in your body balanced.
Adults eliminate about a quart and a half of urine each day.
The amount depends on many factors, especially the amounts of fluid and food a person consumes and how much fluid is lost through sweat and breathing. Certain types of medications can also affect the amount of urine eliminated.
The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your blood. Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the body. Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys.
DISORDERS OF URINARY SYSTEM
Symptoms of Renal disorders
Burning micturationPain in abdomenMigrating strong painShortness of breathOedemaLoss of appetitePalpitations
TESTS FOR URINARY SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The human reproductive system
The main male sex organs are the penis and the testes which produce semen and sperm, A female's internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Both the male and female reproductive systems play a role in pregnancy. Problems with these systems can affect fertility and the ability to have children. There are many such problems in men and women. Reproductive health problems can also be harmful to overall health and impair a person's ability to enjoy a sexual relationship.
Your reproductive health is influenced by many factors. These include your age, lifestyle, habits, genetics, use of medicines and exposure to chemicals in the environment.
DISORDERS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DISORDERS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SYMPTOMS OF DISORDERS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
White discharge through vaginaSmall red bumps, sores on vaginaVaginal itchingHeavy menstrual flowPain in abdomenInfertility
SYMPTOMS OF DISORDERS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Burning micturationWhite discharge with urineRed bumps, sores in penile areaTesticular painOedema on testisLoss of libidoED
TESTS FOR FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTS FOR MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EYE
The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes.
Before you finish reading this sentence, approximately one hundred billion (100,000,000,000) operations will have been completed inside your eyes.
The eye is not properly a sphere, rather it is a fused two-piece unit.
The smaller, less curved unit called the cornea, is linked to the larger unit called the sclera. The cornea and sclera are connected by a ring called the limbus. The iris and its black center, the pupil, are seen instead of the cornea due to the cornea's transparency.
The eye is made up of three coats, enclosing three transparent structures. The outermost layer is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its circulation from the vessels of the choroid as well as the retinal vessels, which can be seen in an opthalmoscope.
DISORDERS OF EYES
SYMPTOMS OF EYE DISORDERS
Eye painEye itchingRed colour eyesWatering of eyesDischarge from eyesSwelling of eye lidsVision problems
TESTS FOR EYE DISORDERS
DENTAL
DENTAL DISORDERS
SYMPTOMS OF DENTAL DISORDERS
ToothacheTooth discolorationLoose toothSwollen gumsBleeding gumsFaull smelling
TESTS FOR DENTAL DISORDERS
DISORDERS OF ENT
SYMPTOMS OF ENT DISORDERS
Ear acheEar dischargeTinitusHearing problemsThroat painHoarseness of voiceHeadacheNasal dischargeBlockage of nose
TESTS FOR ENT DISORDERS
SKIN
DISORDERS OF SKIN
SYMPTOMS OF SKIN DISORDERS
Dry skinRedness of skinBumpsPustulesRashItchingOozingOedemaLoss of sensation
TESTS FOR SKIN DISORDERS
DISORDERS OF NUTRITION
ANEMIA
