Dhananjay Bhole, Coordinator, Accessibility Research Group, Department of Education and Extension,...
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Transcript of Dhananjay Bhole, Coordinator, Accessibility Research Group, Department of Education and Extension,...
Dhananjay Bhole,Coordinator,Accessibility Research Group,Department of Education and Extension,University of Pune.Email: [email protected]
Introduction to accessible computing
Topics to be covered
What is accessible computing, How people with disabilities use computational services Various accessibility standards & guidelines Desktop Accessibility standards Web accessibility Non HTML Content Accessibility Important laws Why to invest in web accessibility key principles of web accessibility
Topics To be covered (Continued)
Accessibility myths. Approaches for accessibility
implementation. Benefits of accessibility.
What is accessible computing
In human-computer interaction, computer accessibility or Accessible computing refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability or severity of impairment.
How people with disabilities use computational services
•People with visual impairment use screen reader program and people with low vision use screen magnifier to access computer.•People with motor disabilities use special key bord and special mouse.•People with Auditory disabilities and speech impairment require graphical communication to access computer.•Dept. blind people use refreshable braille display
Various accessibility standards & Guidelines
Various organizations like W3C, Microsoft, Apple computers, Adobe, Oracle, Linux foundation etc have designed standards and guidelines for their products.
Desktop accessibility Standards :
•Microsoft active accessibility•Microsoft UI automation•GNOME accessibility standards•Apple OSX Accessibility.
Web accessibility guidelines
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Accessible Rich Internet Application. Authoring tools accessibility Guidelines. User Agent accessibility Guidelines.
Non HTML Content Accessibility Guidelines
• Flash Accessibility design Guidelines.• Flex Accessibility Best Practices.• PDF Accessibility.
Important laws:
Section 508 of US rehabilitation act UNCRPD National electronics access policy(MCIT
gov of India) Rights of persons with disabilities bill
2011(amended PWD act, gov of India)
Definition
defines how to make Web content more accessible to people with disabilities
developed through the W3C process Consists of internationally recognized
principles, guidelines, and success criteria
Principle 1: Perceivable
Non-text content should have text equivalents Color contrast should be properly identified Avoid using color as the sole means of
conveying information Provide a means to stop/play audio in a page Provide a means to resize text in a page
Principle 2: Operable
All functionality should be available via the keyboard
During sessions where there is a time limit, provide a means to extend the time
Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures (content that flashes more than three times per second)
Provide a means to bypass repetitive blocks of content
title should describe the page’s content or purpose
Users should be able to follow the correct sequence of web content
text link should describe the link’s purpose Headings and labels should describe topic and
purpose
Principle 3: Understandable
Define the language of the page Provide a way to determine the meaning of
unusual words Provide the expanded form of abbreviations at
least once. Try to make text easy to read and understand Make web pages operate in predictable ways Enable users to easily determine errors they
have made
Principle 4: Robust
Ensure that the site can be displayed properly by most if not all browsers
Perform web page validation whenever necessary
Accessibility myths
Text-Only Versions Are an Acceptable Solution Accessibility Makes Sites Dull and Boring Accessibility Is Expensive and Hard Accessibility Is the Sole Responsibility of Web
Developers Accessibility Is for People Who Are Blind Evaluation Tools Can Determine Accessibility
and Conformance to Standards Guidelines Are Not Sufficient for Accessibility
Approaches to Web Accessibility implementation
Start by Understanding the Issues Involve People with Disabilities in Your Project Recruiting People with Disabilities Learning from People with Disabilities Understand the Relationship Between
Accessibility and Usability Understand the Vital Role of Guidelines Accessibility Barriers on Existing Sites
Business case for web accessibility
It depends on various factors: Social factors Technical factors Financial factors Legal and policy factors
Social factors
Benefits for without Disabilities: Older people People with low literacy and people not fluent in
the language People with low-bandwidth connections to the
Internet and those using older technologies New and infrequent web users
Technical factors
Technical Benefits :- Reduced Site Development and Maintenance Time Reduced Server Load Improved Interoperability Prepared for Advanced Technologies
Finantial factors
Financial Benefits: Search Engine Optimization Increased Website Use Direct Cost Savings
Legal factors
Identifying Legal and Policy Factors for a Specific Organization
Determining Applicable Policies Addressing Multiple Standards Understanding Risks for Non-
Compliance
References
Principles of Accessible Design http://ncdae.org/tools/factsheets/principles.cfm Adobe accessibility resource centre.