Dhaka | Aug-15 | The role of domestic energy access in enabling improved livelihoods
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Transcript of Dhaka | Aug-15 | The role of domestic energy access in enabling improved livelihoods
The role of domestic energy access in enabling improved livelihoods
Louise Waters, Practical Action Consulting
How (and when) does domestic energy access enable improved livelihoods?
7 channels through which domestic energy access can improve livelihoods
Time
Health
Education
Domestic productive activities
ICT
Skilled people stay in rural areas Jobs created in
energy access industry
Causal chains - Time
Freed up time
Less time spent gathering fuel
Less frequent fuel purchases
Less time spent tending to fire/flame
Labour-saving appliances
More time spent doing paid work
More time spent on
agricultural tasks
More leisure/social
time
More time for personal/family
careFlexible timing of household
chores (can do at night)
IMPR
OVE
D E
NER
GY
AC
CES
S
Children spared from
chores
Causal chains - Education
Better educational
achievement
Children better able to
study after dark
Freed up time
Children spared from
chores
Better jobs
Higher school
attendance Higher incom
e
Causal chains – Domestic Productive Activities
New income streams
New productive activities possible
Higher productivity
More time available for productive
activity
Better quality goods/services
Increased income from
current streams
What about reality?
Research: sometimes there is strong correlation between improved energy access and improved livelihoods…
…sometimes there is no correlation
Why?
Barriers - Time
Freed up time
Less time spent gathering fuel
Less frequent fuel purchases
Less time spent tending to fire/flame
Labour-saving appliances
More time spent doing paid work
More time spent on
agricultural tasks
More leisure/social
time
More time for personal/family
care
Flexible timing of household
chores (can do at night)
… if the household can afford appliances
…if jobs are available
More leisure/social
time
More time for personal/family
care
…if more time spent will
increase yield
Barriers - Education
Better educational
achievement
Children better able to
study after dark
Freed up time
Children spared from
chores
Better jobs
Higher school
attendance Higher incom
e
… if they have material to study
… if benefits accrue to
children rather than adults
… school places exist?
Fees affordable?… market for
skilled workers?
Barriers – Domestic Productive Activities
New income streams
New productive activities possible
Higher productivity
More time available for productive
activity
Better quality goods/services
Increased income from
current streams
… market for the goods/ services?
… knowledge/ideas for new processes?
… skills?
… raw materials?
… infrastructure to support sales?
And what about the energy access itself? Not a binary: “have” / “have not” Attributes that matter for the outcome:
Capacity Affordability Duration
ReliabilityLegality
Quality
ConvenienceHealth and Safety
…can all be barriers
ConclusionLivelihood impacts need other enabling factors to be in place: Physical and social infrastructure
Knowledge and skills
A labour market (skilled and unskilled)
A market for the energy-enabled goods and services
Financial assistance for households wanting to invest
Adequate level or quality of energy access
Energy access programmes should consider linking with other development programmes that address
these factors
Role of energy access beyond the home Domestic provision: a crucial part of the energy access
initiative However, energy access beyond the home is also
essential Energy access for enterprise, agriculture and
community facilities are equal parts of the equation
Thank you
Louise Waterswww.practicalaction.org/consulting
Total Energy Access
References available on next slide
ReferencesBlunck, M.: Productive Uses of Photovoltaic Technology in Rural Bangladesh - Potentials, Barriers, Recommendationshttps://energypedia.info/images/5/53/Productive_use_of_pv_bangladesh.pdf
Pueyo, A. et al: The Evidence of Benefits for Poor People of Increased Renewable Electricity Capacity: Literature Review http://eldis.org/go/topics/resource-guides/climate-change/key-issues/pro-poor-electricity-provision&id=66455&type=Document
Practical Action Consulting, IDS and TERI: Utilising Electricity Access for Poverty Reductionhttp://practicalaction.org/utilising90+ additional references stated in the report
World Bank ESMAP: Beyond Connections: Energy Access Redefinedhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/publication/energy-access-redefined
EUEIPDF and Practical Action Consulting: Building Energy Access Marketshttp://euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/files/field_pblctn_file/euei_value-chain_rz_01_web.pdf