COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

The COMMUTE Project

Strategic Research Programme DGVII, Task 1.2/184th Framework

Contact persons:Hermann Heich (heich@compuserve.com) - Project ccordinator

Ian S McCrae (imccrae@trl.co.uk)

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

COMMUTE Project• 36 Month project, started in April 1996

• 13 Partners from 8 European Countries:CSST, ENEA, GOPA, INRETS, ISVR, ITS, MARITERM,M+R, NUL, TÜV, TRL, TTR, VTT

• 193 Man month, 7 WP´s

• co-operation with Project MEET on emission factors

• co-operation with Projects STREAMS and SCENARIOS on pilot SEA

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Main Project Objectives• to define a methodology for strategic assessment of the

impacts of transport policy options

• to develop a computer software that embodies the mainaspects of the methodology

• to demonstrate the use of the main aspects of themethodology and the computer software

• to assess the impacts on energy consumption,emissions and safety of TEN-T (pilot SEA)

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Main impacts

• Primary air pollutant emissions

• Energy consumption

• noise

• safety

Transport modes

• Road

• Rail

• Water

• AirAdditional impacts

• Land take• Ecological impacts

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Road

SafetyAir PollutionEmissions

Energy Noise

COMMUTE Methodology

COMMUTE (Software)Tool

Rail

Air

Waterborne

Impact Assessment Methods

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

COMMUTE toolDevelopment of Software tool

• includes impact assessment for energy, emission (data derivedfrom 4FP MEET project), noise and safety across transportmodes

• network approach (links and nodes)

• different spatial scales (regional, national, european)

• time horizon up to 2020

• GIS-based (Map-Info)

• flexible evaluation of results

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Output data and data evaluation

• Horizontal distribution of impacts per link and node

• Three vertical layers where emission takes place

• Data will be available in GIS-format (MAP-Info) and numerical format (MS-ACCESS)

• Spatial analysis through GIS functionalities

• Overlaying impacts and population density maps

• Aggregation of data and Statistical analyses

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

LCA

COMMUTE GIS

CIA

CBA

Decision TakingMonitoring / Follow-up

Scoping

MCA[SAW / TOPSIS]

SSA

Preliminary CBA / MCA

Miti

gatio

n M

easu

res M

itigation MeasuresFramework for SEA

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

•average speed approach

•over 100 vehicle categories aggregated in PC, LDV, HDV, Buses and Two-wheelers

•hot emissions and fuel consumption

•cold start emissions

•road gradient influence

•evaporative emissions

Road Transport Emission Model

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

•4 Train categories

•Maximum and average speed

•Number of stops

•Weight of train

•Emissions based on consumption

•Electric and diesel

•Focus on fuel life cycle

Rail Transport Emission Model

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

•30 aircraft types

•flight mission divided into standardisedoperating conditions: taxi out, take off, climbout, climb, cruise, descent, approach, taxi in

•distinction between in-flight emissions andemissions in the vicinity of airports

Aviation Emission Model

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Waterborne Transport Emission Model

•80 ship categories (type by size)

•Average speed approach

•Number of ships for each category

•Gross tonnage

•Emissions based on consumption

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

•MC1 model : noise emitted at source

•calculations of sound power in Watts

•outputs in also in other units (decibels)

•options for other models MC2-MC4

Noise Models

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Roadaverage speed, percentage of heavy vehicles androad gradient

Airsound powers for 3 aircraft types: approach, reversethrust, taxiing and take-off and other operationalassumptions

Railwaymultipliers for tread and disc brakes for both passengerand freight trains, diesel trains and electric trains

Default Values in Noise Models

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Safety Model

•Estimates the amount of traffic fatalities in the basisof exposure fed by the user

•In road, rail and waterborne traffic the exposure isvehicle or passenger kilometres, in air traffic planedepartures

•Safety model includes two methods, so called “Singlerisk method” and “Multiple risk method”

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Road traffic Urban roads Non-urban roads MotorwaysPedestrians and bicycles X XMopeds and motorcycles X X XPassenger cars X X XBuses X X XLight duty vehicles X X XHeavy duty vehicles X X XRail traffic Water traffic Air trafficPassenger trains Inland passenger traffic Passenger planesFreight trains Inland freight traffic Freight planes

Coast passenger trafficCoast freight traffic

Safety ModelModes and vehicle categories

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

F = E * R, where

F= amount of traffic fatalities

E= traffic exposure (e.g. vehiclekilometres)

R= risk to die / certain exposure

Safety Model

The safety estimation is based on the rule:

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Safety ModelSingle risk method

R = Risk to die in a passengercar in a non-urban road

R

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Safety ModelMultiple risk method

R = Risk to die in a passenger car in a non-urban roadin an accident against...

Rl o r r y

Rp e d e s t r i a n

Rc a r

Rt w o w h e e l e r

Rb u s

Rs i n g l e

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Safety Model

Single risk method:-every vehicle group has one risk value asdefault

Multiple risk method:-the risk of a vehicle group consists ofdifferent meeting accident risks and a singleaccident risk

-the meeting accident risks are adjusted inrelation to the occurrence (exposure) ofother vehicle groups

Main methodological differences of the methods:

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Safety Model

Single risk method:-needs less default data (only risk values)

-gives more reliable absolute values

Multiple risk method:-needs more default data, disaggregated risk data and alsoexposure default data

-to be used when comparing different traffic scenarios

Differences when using methods:

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

• Framework for SEA

-Guidebook on how to carry out a SEA

•Definition of COMMUTE tool

-Methods for impact assessment

COMMUTE OUTPUT

COMMUTE methodology provides:

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

GISMapInfo

COMMUTEtool

Accesstables

network

Use of GIS

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - TransportUse of GIS - display choice

aggregation by zones

analysis of results x population

analysis of emissions

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

EM ISSION

ROAD model

CONSUM PTION

NOISE

SAFETY

RAIL model

EM ISSION

WATER model

CONSUM PTION

SAFETY

AIR model

EM ISSION

CONSUM PTION

NOISE

SAFETY

EM ISSION

CONSUM PTION

NOISE

SAFETY

COMMUTE TOOLCOMMUTE TOOL

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Software Architecture RequirementsSoftware Architecture Requirements::

- flexibility- flexibility- extendibility- extendibility- modularity- modularity- use of standard software where possible- use of standard software where possible- easy connection with other programs- easy connection with other programs- user friendly interface- user friendly interface

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Air consumptionmodel

DatabaseDatabase

Road emission model

Air emissionmodel

Other model orstatistics

Water emissionmodel

Rail emissionmodel

Road consumptionmodel

Rail consumptionmodel

Noisemodel

Safety model

Water consumptionmodel

CommuteCommute Software Software Architecture Architecture

The modularity requires that each model is separated

the integration between the models

is got through the DB

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Managerof data

GIS

MAPINFO

Manager ofmodels

DBAccess

User

The tool is organised in- managing parts:

- manager of models- manager of data- manager of HMI

- database- different modules for the models- GIS (MAPINFO) interface

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

COMMUTE SOFTWAREARCHITECTURECOMMUTE SOFTWAREARCHITECTURE

Human machine interface

Database

RailAir

WaterRoadEmission

Safety

Noise

ModelsModels

Consumption

the inputs and the configurations chosen by the user

are memorised in the database

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

Shareddatabase

Model

UserInterface

Proprietary Database (Scenario)

Graphical configuration

the database is composed by two part:- one is the database propriety of the tool (it couldn’t be changed)- one is the database with the modifications of the user

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

THE COMMUTE DB is in ACCESScomposed by tables categorised as:

INPUT TABLES

• General• Coefficient• Default• Mandatory User Input • Optional User Input

OUTPUT TABLES

• Intermediate Output• Output

COMMUTEProject

DGVII - Transport

The user can use the same input data to evaluate

• all the impacts:

• Emission

• Consumption

• Noise

• Safety

in this case the defined order of use of the module must befollowed

• only one impact