DeWitte's Middle Ages Powerpoint
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Transcript of DeWitte's Middle Ages Powerpoint
The Medieval Era
1066 - 14856
The Norman ConquestLed by William, Duke of
Normandy, the Normans (from France) invaded in the year 1066. The King of England was killed in the Battle of Hastings, and William emerged victorious.
During the next several centuries, the Old English language and culture merged with Old French. They continued to be two separate languages, but many French words and customs were incorporated into the English way of life.
O. E. + O. Fr.
Middle English
The Feudal System
Other influences: language/learning 1454 Johann Gutenberg – the printing press 1476 William Caxton – the first English printing press
Result: literature no longer needed to be hand-copied by church scribes.
Literature of the Middle Ages the first true dramas
emerged the poet Geoffrey
Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales
romances portrayed the deeds of knights
balladeers sang of love and deeds of outlaws
Medieval Drama church sponsored plays as
part of religious services plays gradually moved into
the marketplace miracle plays or mystery
plays – retold stories from the Bible / lives of saints
morality plays – depicted lives of ordinary people and taught moral lessons
Romances, Lyrics, and Ballads
Medieval romances tales describing the adventures of
knights many about the Arthurian legendLyrical poetry poets often strummed lyres (a
harplike instrument) as they recited their verse
led to lyrical poetryBallads folk song that tells a story many were about the hero Robin
Hood
Geoffrey Chaucer (1343? – 1400) grew up amid the bustle of a
successful international business (his dad was a wine merchant)
he served the nobility as an administrator his position in society gave him a perfect vantage point for observing all types of people
well-respected in his own day a.k.a “the Father of English Poetry” buried in the Poet’s Corner of
Westminster Abbey
The Poet’s Corner
The Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey was established around the tomb of Chaucer. It is also the resting place for other British literary greats such as William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.
Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
written in Middle English frame story – a story w/in
a story shows a cross section of
medieval society, from the nobility all the way down to the degraded lower class
written in heroic couplets - a pair of rhyming lines w/ 5 stressed syllables each
Whan that aprill with his shoures sooteThe droghte of march hath perced to the roote,And bathed every veyne in swich licourOf which vertu engendred is the flour;Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breethInspired hath in every holt and heethTendre croppes, and the yonge sonneHath in the ram his halve cours yronne,And smale foweles maken melodye,That slepen al the nyght with open ye (so priketh hem nature in hir corages);Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,
Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales planned as an exchange of tales among pilgrims
journeying to the shrine of martyr Thomas Becket at Canterbury, England
30 pilgrims tell 2 stories each down from London to Canterbury and 2 stories on the return trip = 60 stories down + 60 on the return = 120 stories each
Chaucer only wrote the Prologue (the frame) and 24 tales, but it is considered a complete work
Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesThe tales are divided into different
types (genres) of stories: romances – tales of chivalry /
courtly love fabliaux - short, bawdy,
humorous stories sermons – stories of saints fables – a story that uses talking
animals & teaches a moral or lesson
Each pilgrim tells a type of tale consistent with his / her own character (for example, the Knight tells a romance, etc).
Literary Terms Direct characterization Indirect characterization Heroic couplet Ballad Folk tale Medieval romance Miracle plays Morality plays Frame story Legend
Other Terms Feudalism Baron Peasant/serf Martyr Chivalry pilgrimage