Developments in Wind Turbines Terrestrial to Offshore

Developments in Wind TurbinesTerrestrial to Offshore

Dr Curran Crawford

Living Without Oil Lecture Series Part OneAn Elder Academy Event

February 22 2020

1 123

Outline

Meteorology

lsquoConventionalrsquo Technology Overview

Deployment amp Economics

Offshore Wind Energy

Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES)

2 123

MeteorologyOrigins of the WindCharacterizing the WindThe Earthrsquos Boundary Layer

3 123

Ultimately winds arise from uneven heating of the earth

I Solar radiationI Typically absorbed first by land amp waterI Transferred by various mechanisms back to air

I Energy absorption varies spatially amp temporallyI Eg Water desert forest etc

I Sets up temperature density and pressure differences

I Leads to forces to re-establish equilibrium

I Hence the flows of air we call wind

I Typical coastal example

I Water is a moderator - relatively constant temperatureI During the day land heats up creating low pressure regionI Onshore breeze as air over water is relatively coolI Overnight land cools and wind stops or may reverseI Go to Nitinat lake to observe

4 123

At the scale of an individual turbine winds are greatlyaffected greatly by local conditions

I TopologyI Top of a hillI Sheltered valley

I Surface conditionsI Rough treesI Smooth dessertI Lakes and oceans

I Built-up areasI Urban areas (Carpman 2011)I Individual houses barns etcI Other turbines

5 123

Wind power density is a cubic function of wind speed

Pdensity = 12ρV

3

Pturbine = 12ρV

3CPA

I CP ranges from 01 to 059

I Betz limit 1627

I Capture area A growing with diameter D2

6 123


7 123

Standard wind speed measurement tools NRG and RMYoung are the most common

Wind vane cup anemometer

Windmill anemometer

Sonic anemometers and temperaturesensor

8 123

LiDAR is playing an increasingly large role

9 123

Wind speeds vary on a number of time scales

10 123

Weibull probability density function f (U) describes annualhourly average wind speeds

11 123

Wind roses are used to display directional wind information

I Binning of azimuthal direction measurements

I Length indicates relative probability

I Example for CIMTAN site in Kyuquot

12 123


13 123

Wind turbines typically operate in the boundary layer

I 200 ndash 500 m boundary layer height

I Boundary layer influenced by

I Strength of the geostrophic windI Surface roughnessI Coriolis effectsI Thermal effects

14 123

Boundary layer profiles vary greatly over time withprevailing conditions

WRF simulations for Pritzwalk

15 123

Wind turbines always operate in an unsteady environment

16 123

lsquoConventionalrsquo Technology OverviewHistorical DevelopmentBasics of Wind Energy ExtractionAerodynamics is ComplicatedImproving PerformanceStructures amp Drivetrains

17 123

The power in the wind has been used for thousands ofyears first for transportation

18 123

Wind has been used since first century AD to directly domechanical work

I Pumping water (irrigation and drainage)

I Grinding grain

Persian WindmillSource httpenwikipediaorgwikiFilePerzsa malomsvg 19 123

A little wind turbine taxonomy

I HAWT horizontal axis windturbine

I VAWT vertical axis windturbine (cross-flow etc)

20 123

Up to 200000 windmills in Europe at their peak and werealready adaptive structures

Danish windmillSource httpenwikipediaorgwikiFile

DK Fanoe Windmill01JPG

Greek windmillSource httpenwikipediaorgwikiFile

Windmill Antimahia Kosjpg 21 123

The farm windmill is an iconic image

I Note large number of blades

I Self-furling tail

22 123

Charles Brush in the US 18801890s

I 56 foot diameter amp 144 wood bladesI Lasted 20 yearsI 12 kW peak powerI Recharged 408 batteries to illuminate 350 incandescent lamps

three electric motors and two arc lights23 123

Wind turbine (Jacobs) used in North America beforetransmission lines reached rural areas

I 30000 units installed

I Passive control

24 123

The oil crises of the 1970rsquos were the impetus for modernwind turbines

I The Danish industry grewout of the farming industry

I Started small andincrementally built

I Locally owned-operatedmachines - social license

I Governmentsubsidiessupport as nodomestic fossil resources

25 123

Vestas is an example of a Danish manufacturer thatoriginally made farming equipment

26 123

The US hired aerospace engineers and large companiesand didnrsquot succeed

I NASA Westinghouse GE Boeing United TechnologiesI Go big or go home didnrsquot workI USrsquos current turbines (eg GE) are essentially Danish imports

27 123

Mod-1 turbine in action - note downwind orientation

28 123

Canada unfortunately backed the wrong (4 MW) horseI Again go big or go home didnrsquot workI VAWTs didnrsquot win out

I Cyclic loading complex aerodynamics

29 123

And so we have the modern 3-bladed upwindldquoDanish-conceptrdquo machines you see around today

30 123

ldquoDanish-conceptrdquo turbines continue to grow in size

Sourcehttpswwwcleanenergywireorgfactsheetsgerman-onshore-wind-power-output-business-and-perspectives

31 123

Same size evolution seen in the US

Source httpswwwvoxcomenergy-and-environment20183817084158wind-turbine-power-energy-blades

32 123

Manufactures typically offer a range of rotor sizes suitedfor different conditions

I Vestas 4 MW nominal rating lineI Common nacelle various tower heightsI Range of wind speeds

33 123


34 123

Wind energy is extracted through a step change in staticpressure which affects velocities around the rotor

35 123

The actuator disc model is the most basic model of anenergy-extracting disc

I Rotor doing work on the flow P = TUD

I Basis of many analysis approaches (BEM CFD porous discexperiments)

36 123

BEM theory is based on the assumption of independentradial streamtubes (annuli)

I Blades exert pressure forces on flow due to local aerodynamicloading

37 123

There are various ways to understand the lift generated onan airfoil

I Local velocities determine pressures around the airfoil creatinglift

I Sheared flow (and separation) create drag

38 123


39 123

The flow around a wind turbine rotor is complex andfundamentally governs the power capture and loads

(httpiimgurcomqruVcnujpg)

40 123

Wake simulations are key for individual machines andarrays

41 123

Vertical axis turbine wakes are even more challenging tosimulate

(httpwwwgauss-centreeugauss-centreENProjectsEnvironmentEnergychatelain˙VAWThtmlnn=1345670)

42 123

Experiments remain challenging even for steady-stategiven scales and accuracy requirements involved

IEA Task 29 Mexico rotor experiment43 123

Our trailer-based test rig for towed amp parked testing

44 123


45 123

Various ideas are used and tried to improve aerodynamicperformance

Vortex generators

Serrated trailed edges

Turbuncles

46 123

Modern machines operate in variable speed mode andpitch control modes

I Region I pitch used to assist in start-upI Region II pitch constant and speed variedI Region III speed constant and pitch varied to maintain rated

power

47 123

Instantaneous power always fluctuating

48 123


49 123

Large quantities of reinforcing steel to transfer in loadsfrom tower to base

50 123

Foundation bolts ready for tower installation

51 123

Various types of towers used but the uniformly taperedtubular tower is the standard

I Guyed and latticemulti-element towers structurally efficiency

I But aesthetics plays a key role

52 123

Towers are frequently manufactured locally in 3ndash4 sectionsand bolted together on-site

53 123

Doubly-fed induction generators with gearboxes have beenthe emergent norm for drivetrains

54 123

Enercon has used exclusively electrically exciteddirect-drive generators for decades - heavy nacelles

55 123

Siemens (formerly Bonus) Gamesa has a direct drivepermanent magnet machine

56 123

Wind turbine blades are massive composite structures

(httpswwwthemanufacturercomarticlesfishing-fibreglass-hull-embraces-blade-production)

57 123

Blades are made up of composite layups

-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04

Student Version of MATLAB

58 123

We can simulate composite wind turbine structuresaccounting for material variability

I Bayesian approach accounting for natural property variationand model deficiencies

59 123

The fundamental square-cube law continues to be lsquobrokenrsquo

Capture area prop D2

Mass prop D3

I LM 1070 P blade (2019) - 220 m dia 55 t mass

60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123

Reducing blade weight as machines grow is a chief concern

I Reduce aerodynamic loadsI Reduce gravity bending moments

I Further reduce structural requirements

GE fabric blade concept (canceled in 2014)62 123

Transportation becomes a challenge

I Localized manufacturingI Offshore advantages

63 123

Deployment amp EconomicsWind ResourceInstalled Capacity GrowthDecommissioning

64 123

Canadian distribution of wind resource at 50 m

65 123

Global average windspeeds at 50m height - Class IV 7ms+

(httpvisibleearthnasagovviewphpid=56893)66 123

The fact that the wind resource is globally distributed is akey attraction and motivator to harness it

I Very large potential resource

I Potential for GHG reductions in most economiesI Avoidance of conflict

I Fuel source not a geopolitical commodityI Proliferation proof

I Relatively labour intensiveI Jobs sell energy ideas (look at marketing for oilsands

pipelines etc)I Wind prospecting amp sitingI Localized manufacturing of large componentsI Civil works

67 123

The fact that the wind resource is distributed is also achallenge

I Low energy (power) density compared to fossil amp nuclear

Pdensity = 12ρV

3

I Transmission to load centresI Local impacts

I Nearby residents vs landownersI Visual (aesthetics amp flicker)I AcousticI Wildlife

I Variable

I IntermittentI Capacity factor impact on design amp economicsI Implications for integration ndash a whole other talk

68 123


69 123

Global installed renewable generation continues to growwith wind making a large contribution after hydro

Stack Hydro wind solar biomassSource httpswwwirenaorgStatisticsView-Data-by-TopicCapacity-and-GenerationStatistics-Time-Series

70 123

Although still a relatively small contributor overall wind isgrowing as a of global electricity energy mix

Source httpswwwnrelgovdocsfy18osti70231pdf

71 123

Electricity generation (capacity) type highly regional

Source httpswwwcer-recgccanrgntgrtdftr2019index-enghtml

72 123

National Energy Board electricity generation (TWh)forecast

Source httpswwwcer-recgccanrgntgrtdftr2019index-enghtml 73 123

Installed wind capacity in Canada

Source httpscanweacawind-energyinstalled-capacity

74 123

Globally wind power continues to expand through newbuild and re-powering

Source httpwwwgwecnet 75 123

Future growth to continue

Source httpwwwgwecnet

I Recent auction results subsidy-free (2020-2022 delivery)I e0025kWh (Alberta)I e0015kWh (Mexico)I Wholesale elec price for 700 MW Hollandse Kust (Netherlands)

76 123

China has like in many other areas dominated the picture

Source httpwwwgwecnet77 123


78 123

Turbines typically have a 20 yr design life and machine sizegrowth is rapid

(httpswwwdesertsuncomstorytechscienceenergy20181024palm-springs-iconic-wind-farms-could-change-dramatically1578515002)

I Repowering with fewer larger machines

79 123

Disposalrecycling is becoming an issue

Wyoming landfill example (2019)80 123

Playgrounds arenrsquot going to cut it

81 123

Pyrolysis current option

(httpwwwrenewableenergyfocuscomview319recycling-wind)

82 123

Regardless the GHG LCA of wind is very good

(Moomaw et al 2011)83 123

(Hertwich et al 2015) 84 123

Offshore Wind EnergyEU GenesisOffshore Resource amp DevelopmentFloating Offshore

85 123

Many projects have been developed over last 15 years

86 123

Some growing pains but now mature

I London Array (2013) 630 MW 175x Siemens 36-120

I 370 MW Phase 2 abandoned in 2014

87 123

Optimal support structure is dictated by water depth andbottom geotechnics

88 123

Offshore transformer stations

Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123

Installation has lead to specialized equipment

90 123

Servicing has also spawned a specialized industry

91 123


92 123

Canada and BC in particular has a large offshore windresource

93 123

BCrsquos coastal remoteness and bathymetry motives theinvestigation of floating offshore wind

94 123

Offshore turbines shift the proportion of costs to Balanceof Station (BOS) and increases total costs

Offshore reference turbine CAPEX breakdown ($5600kW)1

I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND

I Site C $107B1100 MW = $9727kW (55 capacityfactor vs wind rated power metric)

1Tegen et al 2012

95 123

Continued drive towards larger machines

Nov 2019 commissioning

96 123

Costs continue to fall over time with larger machines andmore deployments

(httpeuanmearnscoma-review-of-recent-solar-wind-auction-prices)

97 123

Recent data on offshore wind auctions

I Site C estimates 002ndash007 USDkWhI 2018 German offshore wind auction average 0053 USDkWhI 2020 ShellEDP Massachusetts Mayflower project

0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123

Floating offshore in first (array) project stages

I Tension-leg spar buoy (ballast) and buoyancy stabilizedplatform concepts

100 123

Developers have proposed a wide range of floatingplatforms and in some cases tailored turbines

(a) Hywind23 MW(2009)

(b) Windfloat V802 MW(2011)

(c) Sway 7 kW(2011) bankrupt

2014

101 123

Equinor (Statoil) Hywind Scotland (2017)

I 30 MW 5x Siemens 60-154 turbines

I 65 capacity factor demonstrated

I 95ndash120 m water depth (potential to 800 m depth)

102 123

Equinor (Statoil) Hywind Tampen (2022)

I 88 MW 11x Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (SGRE)80-167 DD turbines = 35 of platform power demand

I Concrete (vs steel) spars

I 250ndash300 m water depth

103 123

Principle Power WindFloat Atlantic (2020)

I 25 MW 3x Vestas V164-90 MW turbines in 100 m waterdepth

I Grid-connected to PortugalI Plans for 30 turbines 150 MW total

104 123

There is a wide design space for offshore floating platforms

105 123

The design of offshore turbines themselves have someshifted constraints leading to different ideas

I Very large (gt 10 MW) machines become self-induced fatiguedominated

I Relaxed TSR limits may lead to 2-bladed HAWTs or at leastlower loads in 3-bladed machines

I VAWTs place the generator lower down

106 123

Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES)AWES AdvantagesAWES ChallengesOther AWES Markets

107 123

How crazy the idea of airborne wind sounds depends onwhat yoursquore talking about

I There are a range of universities companies and conferenceson this topic

I High-altitude vs more realistic lower altitudes (lt 1000 m)I High altitude jet stream looks good on paperI Airspace restrictions

I Drastically reduced structure for a very big capture area

Source httpwwwmakanipowercom108 123

Many concepts are being proposed

Sources httpwwwmakanipowercomhttpwwwkitepowereu

109 123

Pumping or drag modes the most common and powerful

110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365

SSDL lab AWES system

112 123

Continuity of power output for pumping-mode

KPS (exited 2019)

113 123

Pumping mode takeoff amp landing strategies

Ampyx114 123

Unique strategies are possible

Enerkite 115 123

Removing tether drag is advantageous

Rachel Leuthold et al

116 123

Offshore and MW scale just makes things harder

MakaniGoogleXAlphbetShell (exited this week)117 123

Weight is key but so is aero cost control scaling

100m2 Kitepower prototype

118 123


119 123

Offgrid diesel replacement

120 123

Wind has driven ship transport for thousands of years andis returning

I Flettner rotors exploitMagnus effect

I Enerconrsquos transport ship -30ndash40 fuel savings

SourcehttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileE-Ship 1 achternJPG

I Leverage moderntechnologies - 10ndash30 fuelsavingsI KiteboardingI Non-linear control

Source wwwskysailsinfo 121 123

Thanks for listening

Dr Curran Crawford

E-mail currancuvicca

122 123

References I

Burton T et al (2011) Wind Energy Handbook 2nd New York John Wileyamp Sons Inc

3 MW Platform (2016) Tech rep Vestas

Hertwich Edgar G et al (May 19 2015) ldquoIntegrated Life-Cycle Assessment ofElectricity-Supply Scenarios Confirms Global Environmental Benefit ofLow-Carbon Technologiesrdquo In Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences 11220 pp 6277ndash6282 pmid 25288741

Tegen S et al (2012) 2010 Cost of Wind Energy Tech rep NRELpp 275ndash3000

Carpman Nicole (2011) ldquoTurbulence Intensity in Complex Environments andits Influence on Small Wind Turbinesrdquo MA thesis Uppsala University

Moomaw W et al (2011) Annex II Methodology Tech rep IPCC SpecialReport on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind

Characterizing the Wind

The Earths Boundary Layer

`Conventional Technology Overview

Historical Development

Basics of Wind Energy Extraction

Aerodynamics is Complicated

Improving Performance

Structures amp Drivetrains


Wind Resource

Installed Capacity Growth

Decommissioning


EU Genesis

Offshore Resource amp Development

Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References

Outline

Meteorology

lsquoConventionalrsquo Technology Overview




2 123


3 123









4 123





5 123


Pdensity = 12ρV

3

Pturbine = 12ρV

3CPA


I Betz limit 1627


6 123


7 123



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



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I Grinding grain





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I Self-furling tail

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I Passive control

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44 123


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Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


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55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


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Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


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67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


3 123









4 123





5 123


Pdensity = 12ρV

3

Pturbine = 12ρV

3CPA


I Betz limit 1627


6 123


7 123



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References









4 123





5 123


Pdensity = 12ρV

3

Pturbine = 12ρV

3CPA


I Betz limit 1627


6 123


7 123



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



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29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





5 123


Pdensity = 12ρV

3

Pturbine = 12ρV

3CPA


I Betz limit 1627


6 123


7 123



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


Pdensity = 12ρV

3

Pturbine = 12ρV

3CPA


I Betz limit 1627


6 123


7 123



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


7 123



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



Windmill anemometer


8 123


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


9 123


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


10 123


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


11 123





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





12 123


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


13 123





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





14 123



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



15 123


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


16 123


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


17 123


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


18 123



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



I Grinding grain





20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




20 123








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References








I Self-furling tail

22 123






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References






I Passive control

24 123






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References






25 123


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


26 123



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



27 123


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


28 123



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



29 123


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


30 123



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



31 123



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



32 123



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



33 123


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


34 123


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


35 123




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




36 123



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



37 123




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




38 123


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


39 123



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



40 123


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


41 123



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



42 123




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




44 123


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


45 123


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


Vortex generators


Turbuncles

46 123



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



power

47 123


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


48 123


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


49 123


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


50 123


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


51 123




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




52 123


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


53 123


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


54 123


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


55 123


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


56 123



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



57 123


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


-1 -09 -08 -07 -06 -05 -04 -03 -02 -01 0-01

0

01

02

03

04


58 123



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



59 123



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



Mass prop D3


60 123

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References

LM 1070 P blade

61 123







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References







63 123


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


64 123


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


65 123









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References









67 123



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



Pdensity = 12ρV

3



I Variable


68 123


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


69 123



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



70 123



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



71 123



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



72 123





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





74 123






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References






76 123




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




78 123




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




79 123




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




81 123



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



82 123





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


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100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




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105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


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Dr Curran Crawford


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References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





85 123


86 123




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

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90 123


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I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

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Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


86 123




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Lillgrund

Nysted

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90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


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I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

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96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

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Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




87 123


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


88 123


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


Lillgrund

Nysted

89 123


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


90 123


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


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100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


91 123


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



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0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


92 123


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

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0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



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2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


93 123


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



97 123



0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


94 123



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



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0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



I 2018 e245MMW = $3700kW CND


1Tegen et al 2012

95 123



96 123



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0058 USDkWh

98 123


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2014

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110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



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0058 USDkWh

98 123


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2014

101 123





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103 123




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105 123





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110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



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0058 USDkWh

98 123


99 123



100 123





2014

101 123





102 123





103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


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109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

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Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



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118 123


119 123


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Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



0058 USDkWh

98 123


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2014

101 123





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103 123




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106 123


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109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


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Dr Curran Crawford


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References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


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2014

101 123





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Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

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Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



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118 123


119 123


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Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



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2014

101 123





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Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

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Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


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Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





2014

101 123





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103 123




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Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


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Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





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103 123




104 123


105 123





106 123


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110 123


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Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





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104 123


105 123





106 123


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109 123


110 123


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Control 24x7 365


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KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References




104 123


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


105 123





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





106 123


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


107 123








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References








109 123


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


110 123


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


111 123

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References

Control 24x7 365


112 123


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


KPS (exited 2019)

113 123


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


Ampyx114 123


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


Enerkite 115 123



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References



116 123





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References





118 123


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


119 123


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References


120 123








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References








Dr Curran Crawford


122 123

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References

References I







123 123

Meteorology

Origins of the Wind










Wind Resource


Decommissioning


EU Genesis


Floating Offshore


AWES Advantages

AWES Challenges

Other AWES Markets

References

Developments in Wind Turbines Terrestrial to Offshore

Documents

Transcript of Developments in Wind Turbines Terrestrial to Offshore