Development through the Inter-American System of New Mechanisms to Enable Cultural Property Protection Protocols

1.1. Areas proposed for implementation: disaster response, Areas proposed for implementation: disaster response,

peacekeeping, and stability operationspeacekeeping, and stability operations

2.2. These areas do not necessarily fall under International These areas do not necessarily fall under International

Humanitarian Law and CPP protocols may not apply Humanitarian Law and CPP protocols may not apply

3.3. These operations can involve major response forces operating These operations can involve major response forces operating

under unstable conditions collocated with cultural sitesunder unstable conditions collocated with cultural sites

4.4. In addition to tactical maneuvers, basic operations such as In addition to tactical maneuvers, basic operations such as

logistics support can cause extensive damage to cultural sites logistics support can cause extensive damage to cultural sites

5.5. The incorporation of CPP mechanisms during disaster response, The incorporation of CPP mechanisms during disaster response,

peacekeeping, and stability operations can mitigate damage and peacekeeping, and stability operations can mitigate damage and

produce diverse socio-economic benefitsproduce diverse socio-economic benefits

6.6. The Inter-American System provides feasible scopeThe Inter-American System provides feasible scope

Why Develop New Mechanisms for Cultural Property Protection (CPP) in the Americas

1.1. Many supporting institutions do not existMany supporting institutions do not exist

2.2. Many entities face resource constraints Many entities face resource constraints

3.3. The concept of CPP protocols under International The concept of CPP protocols under International

Humanitarian Law makes implementation unlikelyHumanitarian Law makes implementation unlikely

4.4. Natural & non-natural disasters pose significant riskNatural & non-natural disasters pose significant risk

5.5. Military and security forces primarily deploy in disaster Military and security forces primarily deploy in disaster

response and peace support operations response and peace support operations

6.6. CPP conceptual support in Latin America & CaribbeanCPP conceptual support in Latin America & Caribbean

7.7. Many regional entities network within regionMany regional entities network within region

Selected Factors in Cultural Property Protection (CPP) in the Americas

1.1. Ratifications of the 1954 Hague ConventionRatifications of the 1954 Hague Convention

2.2. Establish Blue Shield National Committees & Establish Blue Shield National Committees &

International Military Cultural Resources WG NetworkInternational Military Cultural Resources WG Network

3.3. Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural Property Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural Property

Protection to Disaster Response, Peacekeeping and Protection to Disaster Response, Peacekeeping and

Stability OperationsStability Operations

4.4. Interaction on Training and TechnologiesInteraction on Training and Technologies

5.5. Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage

6.6. International Efforts on Cultural HeritageInternational Efforts on Cultural Heritage

7.7. Regional Organizations with Related MandateRegional Organizations with Related Mandate

Overview of Cultural Property Protection (CPP) Initiatives

21 OAS (22 CALC) countries entered but lacks 13 21 OAS (22 CALC) countries entered but lacks 13

CARICOM countries (Barbados sole entrant)CARICOM countries (Barbados sole entrant)

Supported by OAS General Assembly Resolutions Supported by OAS General Assembly Resolutions

and other and other

Facilitates CPP capabilities development and Facilitates CPP capabilities development and

application to other CPP initiativesapplication to other CPP initiatives

Support includes: UNESCO Division of Cultural Support includes: UNESCO Division of Cultural

Objects and Intangible Heritage, Lawyers’ Committee Objects and Intangible Heritage, Lawyers’ Committee

for Cultural Heritage Protection (LCCHP), and WATCHfor Cultural Heritage Protection (LCCHP), and WATCH

I. Ratifications of the 1954 Hague ConventionI. Ratifications of the 1954 Hague Convention

Establishment of functioning NCBS network where Establishment of functioning NCBS network where

few currently exist for meeting CPP initiative goalsfew currently exist for meeting CPP initiative goals

Establishment of functioning network of IMCuRWG Establishment of functioning network of IMCuRWG

national and regional officials national and regional officials

Creates support networks to enable CPP conceptsCreates support networks to enable CPP concepts

Both Association of National Committees of the Blue Both Association of National Committees of the Blue

Shield (ANCBS) and IMCuRWG officials have Shield (ANCBS) and IMCuRWG officials have

considered proposals and defined support existsconsidered proposals and defined support exists

27 Countries have been consulted on these proposals27 Countries have been consulted on these proposals

II. Establish National Committees of the Blue II. Establish National Committees of the Blue Shield (NCBS) & International Military Cultural Shield (NCBS) & International Military Cultural

Resources WG (IMCuRWG) NetworkResources WG (IMCuRWG) Network

Precedents exist: Roerich Pact and Inter-American Precedents exist: Roerich Pact and Inter-American

Convention to Facilitate Disaster AssistanceConvention to Facilitate Disaster Assistance

OAS & Inter-American Juridical Committee mandatesOAS & Inter-American Juridical Committee mandates

Sub-Regional mechanism optionsSub-Regional mechanism options

The process is in the first stage of development with The process is in the first stage of development with

meeting with the rapporteurs planned in conceptmeeting with the rapporteurs planned in concept

ICRC International Disaster Response Laws, Rules, ICRC International Disaster Response Laws, Rules,

and Principles (IDRL) Program Working Paperand Principles (IDRL) Program Working Paper

III. Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural III. Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural

Property Protection to Disaster Response, Property Protection to Disaster Response,

Peacekeeping and Stability OperationsPeacekeeping and Stability Operations

CPP doctrine developmentCPP doctrine development

International Institute of Humanitarian Law WorkshopInternational Institute of Humanitarian Law Workshop

Application of technology to CPP programs, policies and Application of technology to CPP programs, policies and

proceduresprocedures

Networking of technological capacities for CPP supportNetworking of technological capacities for CPP support

Affiliated training such as UN Protection of CiviliansAffiliated training such as UN Protection of Civilians

Public CPP dissemination through media, conferences and other Public CPP dissemination through media, conferences and other

meansmeans

Columbian Red Cross evaluation of CPP concept implementationColumbian Red Cross evaluation of CPP concept implementation

IV. Interaction on Training and IV. Interaction on Training and

TechnologiesTechnologies

Expanded focus to incorporate Expanded focus to incorporate

intangible cultural propertiesintangible cultural properties

Holistic evaluation of effects to include Holistic evaluation of effects to include

economic and social recoveryeconomic and social recovery

Smithsonian Institution and USCBS Smithsonian Institution and USCBS

efforts on Haiti Cultural Recovery efforts on Haiti Cultural Recovery

ProjectProject

V. Tangible and Intangible Cultural V. Tangible and Intangible Cultural HeritageHeritage

Development of international network of supporting Development of international network of supporting

organizations: UN, ICRC, OAS, ANCBS, ICOMOS, …organizations: UN, ICRC, OAS, ANCBS, ICOMOS, …

Shaping the participation of other communities: Shaping the participation of other communities:

General Code of Conduct for Private Security Service General Code of Conduct for Private Security Service

ProvidersProviders

Linking with organizations with associated interests: Linking with organizations with associated interests:

Partnership for Effective PeacekeepingPartnership for Effective Peacekeeping

VI. International Efforts on Cultural VI. International Efforts on Cultural

HeritageHeritage

IAS entities exist to facilitate CPP mechanismsIAS entities exist to facilitate CPP mechanisms

Human Rights InitiativeHuman Rights Initiative

Military Legal Committee of the AmericasMilitary Legal Committee of the Americas

Regional Security System and other Sub-regional Regional Security System and other Sub-regional

defense entitiesdefense entities

System of Cooperation Among the American Air System of Cooperation Among the American Air

Forces (SICOFAA) and other service entitiesForces (SICOFAA) and other service entities

IAS Regional Disaster Response OrganizationsIAS Regional Disaster Response Organizations

VII. Inter-American System (IAS) Entities VII. Inter-American System (IAS) Entities

with Related Mandateswith Related Mandates

Andean Committee for Disaster Prevention and Response Andean Committee for Disaster Prevention and Response

(CAPRADE)(CAPRADE)

Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)

Center for Coordination of Natural Disaster Prevention in Central Center for Coordination of Natural Disaster Prevention in Central

America (CEPREDENAC)America (CEPREDENAC)

Specialized Meeting on Social and Natural Disaster Risk Reduction, Specialized Meeting on Social and Natural Disaster Risk Reduction,

Civil Defense, Civil Protection, and Humanitarian Assistance Civil Defense, Civil Protection, and Humanitarian Assistance

(REHU)(REHU)

Summit of Latin American and the Caribbean Integration and Summit of Latin American and the Caribbean Integration and

Development (CALC)Development (CALC)

Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)

Inter-American Disaster Response Inter-American Disaster Response

Regional Organizations with InterestRegional Organizations with Interest

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ReviewFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Review

Career Progression Training Programs: Joint Military Career Progression Training Programs: Joint Military

Attaché School, Naval Postgraduate School, Peacekeeping & Attaché School, Naval Postgraduate School, Peacekeeping &

Stability Operations Institute, Foreign Service Institute, …Stability Operations Institute, Foreign Service Institute, …

Professional Organizations and Publications: Foreign Area Professional Organizations and Publications: Foreign Area

Officers, Journals such as Culture & Conflict ReviewOfficers, Journals such as Culture & Conflict Review

Dissemination within Organizations Dissemination within Organizations

Formal Professional Military EducationFormal Professional Military Education

Domestic ConsiderationsDomestic Considerations

Main Point

Development of New Mechanisms to Enable Cultural Property

Protection Protocols through the Inter-American System Is

Complex and Long Term, but All Entities Involved Have Been

Supportive