Singh2

J SinghHuman development, #1744MW 12:00-1:1510-15-2012Development Study: Part 3 Interview with RN

Pregnancy is an important part in womens life. However, there are some complications are occurred during pregnancy. There are some precautions must be taken to made safe motherhood. Prior to became pregnant, a women must include proper notorious food , live with a healthy life style by preventing from any type of stress and should control any chronic medical condition such as high blood pressure and diabetics. During pregnancy, shetakes good prenatal care and early identification and treatments of problems. Moreover, after pregnancy , she should takes proper care to newborn baby by giving healthy food and also save from other types infections.First, Iinterviewed Mrs. Kher; a registered nurse and she had MSc in nursing. She had about six years experience as LVN in Emanuel Medical Center and three years experience as RN in S G Medical Foundation in Modesto. Her husband is an EMT at Golden Valley Medical Center and she has two boys. I called her at her home for an interview about my Development study project and she happily asked me to come to her home in Livingston on one Sunday evening.Secondly, I interviewed Miss N and she is a LVN in L Medical Group from 2010 to till now. She is unmarried and she living with her parents in Turlock. Actually, my friend introduced me with her and talked about my project with her fathers gas station. She feels excited because first time she giving an interview. Finally, I interviewed Miss Grewal; she is a RN and working in Foster Farms as nurse from last one year. She is also an unmarried girl and she living in Livingston with her sister. I meet her in a grocery store and I asked to her about project. She came to my house because her friend is my neighbor and also she meets her friend.Kiran said that pregnancy is an important experience for women and there are lots of precautions should be taken before, during, and after pregnancy. However, I asked to her about the factors that affect a developing baby during pregnancy. She responded that there are several factors that effects babys growth and development during pregnancy such as health services available for the pregnant woman, the food that she eat, her mental state and the environment in which she live. Navdeep and Gurpreet express the same types of view about pregnancy.I asked some question from the above mentioned nurses about the factors that affected a developing baby during pregnancy.1.What types of health services are recommended and available to pregnant woman?Kiran explained that are many types of health services are recommended, andnearly all recommended services are available at all heath care providers centers. She described that during the span of pregnancy, the pregnant women should have prenatal tests including blood, urine, cervical tests, and at least one ultrasound. However, Navdeep depicted that during the first visit doctor asked about pregnant womens family history, completed physical exam including pelvic exam and Pap test. They also took blood and urine for lab tests, and checked blood pressure, height, and weight. Then, they calculated patients due date. Gurpreet said after these primary tests, the other visits became shorter because doctor took fewer tests such as they checked blood pressure, measured weight gain, they also measured pregnant womens abdomen to check the babys growth and finally, they checked babys heart rate.2. How does thematernal stress affects to fetal development?Kiran said that due to the stress pregnant woman became scarred and panicked and also resulted in very erratic and unhealthy emotional state. Navdeep said that stress can caused a complicated pregnancy by hormones fluctuations. Moreover, she explains that it also created the changes in appearances, mood swings,pain and discomfort. She added that stress caused not only negative emotion ,but also created physical symptoms such increase in heart rate ,blood pressure and stress hormones, trouble in sleeping and headache. Gurpreet said that beside from these temporary complications, the stress can also weaken the immune system of pregnant woman and caused other ailments such as gastrointestinal problems and colds and these ailments are not good for unborn baby.

3. What cause gestational diabetics? What complications are produced by gestational diabetics? Kiran explained that Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptoms appeared during pregnancy in a woman. However, all these diabetic symptoms disappear after the delivery. Navdeep emphasized that the gestational diabetes is not caused by a lack of insulin, but it is caused by blocking effects of other hormones on the production of insulin. In addition to, she explained that about 3 percent to 8 percent of all pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Gurpreet also agree with Kiran and Navdeep description about Gestational Diabetes.4. What are the potential environmental hazards pregnant women may encounter?Kiran described that the environmental hazards also a big concern during the pregnancy because currently the majority of women are employed and pregnant women continued their work throughout their pregnancies .There are many environmental hazards are encountered to pregnant women and their babies in the workplace .Navdeep explained about the bad effects of the environmental hazards such as these can result in miscarriages and death of infant. Gurpreet explained by according to her experience in Foster Farms that these different types such as(1) physical hazards such as noise, radiation, vibration, stressful physical activity, and heavy material handling; (2)biological hazards such as viruses, fungi, spores, and bacteria; (3) chemical hazards such as gases, pesticides, lead, mercury and organic solvents. Navdeep also said that the high temperature is also an environmental hazard and uses of hot tubs are also avoided during pregnancy.

5. What type of complications may occur due to domestic violence? Kiran said that the domestic violence is a serious problem of our society and it is another serious hazard for pregnant women and their babies. She stated that according to one study of prenatal clinic report about 7-8 percent pregnant women are beaten by their partners and there is a twice rate of miscarriages to the women who not beaten by beaten by their partners. However, Navdeep explained that the physical condition of pregnant women is a more vulnerable to her physical harm. So they are easily targeted by their partners and it is also dangerous to her unborn baby. Gurpreet added that the reasons of domestic violence are unemployment, poverty and large size of the family .She added that the problem of domestic violence can minimized by prenatal education that prepared to men and women for took the challenges of parenthood.6. What the roles do different teratogens play in pregnancy?7. What measures can prevent the damage by teratogens is exposure to child during pregnancy?Kiran explained that the teratogens are environmental agents that caused damage during prenatal period. Moreover, she said that the impact teratogens different due to the different amount and the length of exposure. The different types of teratogens are: (1) Rubella-It is also known as German measles. It caused blindness and deafness in first trimesters and caused brain damage in second trimesters in the embryonic period. It can be prevented by immunized the women before pregnancy.

(2) Toxoplasmosis-It caused brain damage, loss of vision and mental retardation. It can be prevented by avoid of eating undercooked meat. (3) Syphilis- if the baby born with syphilis and untreated, it caused to bone and brain damage. It can be cured by early prenatal diagnosis and antibiotics treatments. (4) Measles, chicken pox, and influenza They caused brain problems and they are cured by early treatments and with antibodies. Navdeep said that the teratogens abnormalities in development of organism and irrupted the growth of fetus. Some teratogens caused fever and resulted in increase of the temperature of pregnant woman and it spread the infection. Then caused damage to the fetus. However, Gurpreet does not agree with Kiran about the categories teratogens and she divided teratogens into other different four categories - 1) Physical agents such as radiation and hyperthermia. 2) Metabolic conditions that affecting mother. 3) Infection. 4) Drugs like thalidomide and alcohols.8. What are the effects of Viral and Bacterial Infections to child during pregnancy?Kiran said that there are many viral and bacterial infections that passed from mother to fetus and these infections caused many birth defects and death of fetus. These infections are (1) Parvovirus B19- it is also known as fifth disease and it is also a very common childhood viral infection. Navdeep added that about 40-60 percent women got this infection during pregnancy. Gurpreet explained that this infection can caused miscarriage, fetal anemia or fetal heart problems. (2) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection-it is transmitted by sexual or close contact by infected persons saliva, urine or by other bodys fluids. It caused a fatal death; Gurpreet said that there is a low risk of CMV infection to newborn if mother acquired this virus recently.

(3) Listeria it is a bacterial infection caused by contaminated foods and it can be passed from an infected mother to fetus through blood. It caused fetal death, premature birth or newborn with this infection. Moreover, Gurpreet said that these infections are created mental retardations and are also brain damages. However, Navdeep explained that thepregnant women should take care to avoid these infections because these infections can not prevented by any vaccines.9. What is role proper nutrition to the development of a healthy baby?Kiran emphasized that the proper and healthy nutrition is very important to pregnant woman because does not feed herself but she also needed nutritional foods for healthy growth of fetus. She said a balanced diet is the best thing to provide nutritions to pregnant women and their baby. Navdeep explained that the balanced diet should contain fresh fruits and vegetables because these have vitamin C which is helped to build babys skeleton. She added that pregnant women also need additional iron due to increased supply of blood to fetus and the iron is available from dried fruits, spinach, and dark green leafy vegetables. Moreover, Gurpreet included that calcium is also needed for baby's bones and teeth. She said that diet with high in folic acid is important for pregnant women because the lack of folic acid may cause many birth defects. However, Navdeep explained that pregnant women should avoid undercooked fish, meats and eggs, and unpasteurized cheeses because these foods can produce bacteria that can harm to the baby.

10. What is an importance of exercise for a pregnant woman during her child development?Kiran explained that there are lots of benefits of exercises for pregnant women because a woman feels better by exercising. She said that in normal pregnancies the exercises are safe and also encouraged by doctors. However, Navdeep said that the exercises are avoided in high risk pregnancies. She explained that many types of exercises are recommended for pregnant women such as walking and swimming. Gurpreet said that before doing any types of exercise the pregnant ladies should consult the doctors because there are some exercises and exercising position that can dangerous to pregnant women and also her baby. In conclusion, pregnancy is an important experience in womens life and she faced maternal stress. Moreover, there lots of complications are occurred from gestational diabetics to teratogens, and there are some environmental hazards and are encountered by pregnant women .The viral and bacterial infections are created some dangerous results. However, the pregnant women can give a birth to healthy baby by taking proper nutrition and by doing exercise regularly.