Development Prospects of Distributed Generation … fuchs.pdf · Development Prospects of...

05.06.2003 1E. Fuchs / PSE Energy & Information

sProgram and System Engineering PSE

Development Prospects of Distributed Generation and Approaches for Appropriate Control


s Characteristics of Distributed Generation

Typically < 20 MWConnected to MV and LV GridNot centrally managed(Mostly) Renewable or CO2 neutral or good overall efficiency due to local usage of heatHelpful for reaching the Kyoto goalsA good part is connected to the grid via invertersHaving a „good reputation“ in the public opinion


s Examples of Distributed Generation

Photovoltaic SystemsWind Power PlantsBiomass PlantsSmall hydro power plantsGeothermal PlantsCHP Systems (e.g. Fuel Cells, Microturbines)Gas TurbinesIndustrial (Co) Generation


s Key factors for development prospects

Renewable / CHP compensation fee actsEmission Certificate Trading in the futureSpecific price development (€ / kW)Life cycle period and maintenance costsInverter technology capabilities with respect to power quality, reactive power supply and frequency controlCompatibility to network security conceptsProgress in communication technologyStandardization of interfaces and protocols

The costs for building, maintaining, supervisingand controlling DG <> return of investTheir influence to the power quality and security of the network


s State of Distributed Generation - Today

1. Solar, Wind, Biomass, etc. are developing in accordance to individual national renewable energy sources acts in dependence of their local availability

2. CHP systems are developing in accordance to local heat demand and CHP acts

3. Industrial heat and steam demand and supply security has lead to industrial based DG

4. Emergency generators based DG (e.g. for hospitals)5. Demonstration and R&D Projects

Two different management approaches can be seen:

Ad 1,2: Sell directly to the marketAd 3,4,and mostly 5: Do local management first


s The „sell directly to the market“ approach

G

GG

GG

G

+-G

Transmission Grid

0.0

1.5

Voltage [ pu]Node AE

-1000

0

1000

P [MW]Node AEBranch SL5-2

Centralized GenerationPower Exchange

Renewable Compensation Fee

G

Distribution Grid

Distribution Generation / Distributed Load (e.g. Household, Industry)

Area ofManagement


s The „sell directly to the market“ approach

Advantages:Easy and cheap control - all you need is a energy meter and maybe some local supervision

Disadvantages:The network constraints are limiting early the maximum percentage of DG energy that is technically possibleDistribution companies have only the headache, but no fun


s The „do local management first“ approach

G

GG

GG

G

+-G

Transmission Grid

0.0

1.5

Voltage [ pu]Node AE

-1000

0

1000

P [MW]Node AEBranch SL5-2

Centralized GenerationPower Exchange

Renewable Compensation Fee

G

Distribution Grid

Distributed Generation / Load (e.g. Household, Industry)

Area of Management

Network Constraints


s The „do local management first“ approach

Advantages:Taking into account the local network constraintsLocal match of load and generation is possible by generation and demand side management concepts(„Why not shift the movable part of the load in the wind?“)By smoothing the load curve at the HV connection point the transmission losses can be reducedBigger percentage of DG energy is possible in the grid

Disadvantage:More complex and expensive control


s Who should be the control actors of DG

The management area (area, where technical constraints of the DG‘s and financial data is to be considered) may vary in accordance to the owner; who can be a household, an IPP, a Industrial Company or a Generation Company

The network constraints are always a local phenomenon, they are limiting the total number or a subset of DG‘s with respect to their power production over time; these constraints are modeled in the DMS systems of the Distribution Companies

Therefore a control concept for DG has to build a bridge between the unbundling of energy flow in the network and energy production / sales.


s Who should be the control actors of DG

Conclusion:The Distribution Companies should be the actors

Prerequisite:We need a market model where Distribution Companies are earning a part of the benefits of DG


s Position of DG management and control

DistributedEnergy

ManagementSystems /Functions

High VoltageLevel

GENCO System

TRANSCO System

DISCOSystem Medium Voltage

Level

DEMS 1 DEMS 2 DEMS k

G G

G G G

DA 1 DA mDA 2

Data Aggregators

for Low VoltageLevel DG‘s

Low VoltageLevel


s Demonstration Project Edison - Karlsruhe

VB 25

VB 24

VB 26

VB 27

VB 28

Wolfarts-weier

Hohenwettersbach

Rittnert

StupferichGruenwettersbach

Canstatt

UW Oberwald

SIPLINK

DEMS1

DEMS2

PQ

(Deponiegas)

KWK

NS - NetzBZ/Speicher - Potential




KWK

EnBw

DG control goal:Keep the load of the double line below maximum capacity to

fulfill the (n-1) criteria


s Demonstration Project Edison – Bad Mingolsheim

DG control goal:Supply the heat and power demand of a spa in that way that the

power import / export is as close as possible to zero

Power Import / Export

Heat

Power Demand Heat Demand

Fuel Cell BoilerCHP

Gas

Gas Purchase

Power


s Demonstration Project – Energy Park KonWerl

JVA

ZQ

AE

Zp

DEMS

Wetterprognose

Wetterdaten

Datenvisualisierung

Zp Zähler elektrischZQ Zähler thermisch

AE Automatisie-rungseinheit

InformationAuswerte- u.Steuerleitung

Energiemanagement Energiepark KonWerl 2010

ATU

ZQ

AE

Zp

DEMSSimulation

DEMSModell

AE1 AE2 AE n

Häuser

ZQ

AE

Zp

weitere

ZQ

AE

Zp

EVU

AE Zp

WKA

AE

Zp

Biomasse HKW

ZQ

AE

Zp

PV-Anlage

AEZp

KPZ

ZQ

AE

Zp

Datenaustauschmanuell

JS 31.08.2001

DG control goal:

Keep the interchange as predictable / reliable as possible


s Demonstration Project – CoC KonWerl

KPZ Energiepark

EI-Bussystem

VerbraucherKlasse 1Flurlicht

vollständig dimmbar

VerbraucherKlasse 2Bürolicht

eingeschränkt dimmbar

VerbraucherKlasse 3

nicht beinflussbar

USV/Pufferbatterie

BatterieUmrichter

Management-system

PV-DachTeilanlage

AE Zp

H2-Anlage

PV-Flachdach

Elektrolyseur

Gasspeicher

Brennstoffzelle

Man

agem

ents

yste

m

EVU

AE Zp

DEMS

DEMSSimulation

Zp Zähler elektrisch

AE Automatisie-rungseinheit

Information

EnregieflussunidirektionalEnergieflussbidirektional

DEMS-Modellsystem Energiemanagement im Kompetenzzentrum

Wetterprognose

Wetterdaten

Datenvisualisierung

Speicher-betrieb

Windkraft

AE Zp

Datenaustauschmanuell

JS 31.08.2001

DG control goal:Keep the interchange as flat as possible


s Distributed Fuel Cells Control Project

Customer: German UtilityPlanning and control of Vaillant and Sulzer Hexis

household fuel cells By making use of the thermal storage capabilities of the

devices the electrical output and the heat demand can be partly decoupled – thus gaining a degree of freedom for executing a desired power schedule

The utility is not only electricity and gas supplier, but also runs a local telephone company

Control goal:Reduce the peak load demand


s The End

Thank you very much for your attention

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