Development of Photovoltaics and Energy-Efficient Technologies in Kazakhstan Serekbol Tokmoldin...

Development of Photovoltaics and Energy-Efficient Technologies

in Kazakhstan

Serekbol Tokmoldin

Institute of Physics and TechnologyKazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat»

Kazakhstan Energy Forum, November 1, 2011, Almaty, Kazakhstan

0% Photovoltaics in the Kazakhstan Energy Pattern

76% Coal

12% Oil & Gas

12% Hydro

Global Power Generation Forecast Welt im Wandel: Energiewende zur Nachhaltigkeit,

Springer ISBN 3-540-40160-1

Grid Parity

DoE Cost Reduction Roadmap


Gaps show opportunities for R&D and Engineering

Efficiencies of Solar Cells based on different materials


Forecast of the world PV modules market growth (2004)

Thin-film cells are those solar cells which are based on:amorphous hydrogenated silicon;CdS/CdTe, CIS (CuInSe2), ZnO/CuO2 structures;

multilayered А3В5 nanoheterostructures;quantum dots and Si/Ge superlattices.

The key question in selection of priority technologies is the question of availability of resources! In this respect, silicon solar cells and technologies have an advantage.

Year 2004 2010 2015

Solar panelsSales

$4-4,5 bill. (1 GW) Sales

$12-14,5 bill. (3 GW)Sales

$44.5-53.8 bill. (12 GW)

Manufacturing of photovoltaic

products

Sales$2 bill. (900 MW-1 GW)

Sales$6-7 bill. (2.5-2.8 GW)

Sales$22.2-26 bill. (10 GW)

95%$1.9 bill.

silicon wafers

5%$ 100 mln.

thin-film cells

65%$3.9-4.6 bill.

silicon wafers

35%$2.1-2.5 bill.thin-film cells

25%$5-5.5 bill.

silicon wafers

75%$ 19,5 bill.

thin-film cells



Short-cut processes for Monosilane synthesis, process comparison solar-grade polysilicon

Innovation processes of IPT

110 MW Solar Cells & Modules Plant in Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies

Location of Business:

Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies Special Economic Zone, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan

Competitive Advantages:

Development of Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies Special Economic Zone is one of the two priorities of the Program of Innovation Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Stable geopolitical and economic situation in Kazakhstan

Open-door policy for investors, tax preferences for investments and protection

Ability of intellectual resources

Large export potential in the framework of Customs Union of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belorussia


Project Objective: Creation of a vertically integrated manufacturing of silicon solar cells,

formation of a new economical cluster, providing for Kazakhstan’s domestic market needs, and entry into international markets of high-tech products

Project Tasks: Creation of basic industry of PV materials and devices in Alatau Park of

Innovation Technologies Special Economic Zone at the Institute of Physics and Technology

Creation of the PV market in Kazakhstan

Creation of a PV plants network for power production using various-type solar modules

Development of innovative technologies on the basis of the silicon solar cells plant in collaboration with domestic and international Centers of Excellence


R&D Maintenance

1) Development of a short-cut technology for solar grade silicon manufacturing from metallurgical silicon excluding chlorosilane processing

King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (Saudi Arabia) has allocated USD 2.5 Mln.

2) Epitaxial and ion-beam technologies development for high-efficiency silicon solar cells

Roth & Rau plans to invest the amount of EURO 1 Mln.

Partner – Prof. A.Ignatiev, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Houston

Applications

3) Manufacturing of turnkey lines for solar-grade multicrystalline silicon and gaseous monosilane

Partner – Almaty Energo Service

2) Construction of solar-wind cogeneration power plants of various capacities

Partners –Almaty Energo Service and Green Energy Almaty



The danger is not only in utilization of work-out energy-efficient lamps, but also in partially careless use of them. The broken or damaged bulb lets out mercury vapor causing grave poisoning;

Mercury penetration into human organism often happens during the inhalation of its odorless vapor;

According to the German Institute of Urban Affairs in Germany less than 40% of all gas-discharge lamps are utilized. What about the rest? Nobody knows;

In 2009 in Russia about 40 million energy-efficient lamps (200 kg of mercury) are sold.

Energy-Efficient Lighting

Technological EconomicEcological


Assembly of LED luminaire

Assembly of LEDs

Epitaxy,Chip processing

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Roadmap of project implementation

Partner – Prof. A.Ignatiev, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Houston


LED STREETLIGHT LUMINAIRE «PHOENIX» LED luminaire for housing and

communal services (HCS),vandal resist, direct retrofit

LED Greenhouse Luminaire

LED Systems forrailway station illumination

Samples of LED applications


Efficacy of luminaire = Кled Kо Kэ Kт

Efficacy of optical system (0.50–0.92)

Heat losses of luminous flux (0.85–0.95)

Efficacy of supply and control unit (0.80–0.97)

Kт Optimization of heat design

Temperature range -35…+40С. Temperature minimization of active region of LEDs.

Optimization of optical systemKо00 Development of secondary optics elements. Search and choice of materials with high optical

transmission, resistance to UV and chemical agents, as well as thermo cycling.

Optimization of supply and controlKэ Increase of transformation efficacy. Reliability growth of supply unit and development of

multifunctional devices.

Luminous efficacy of LEDs

Luminous efficacy of LED luminaries


Sample Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5

Bin limits, lm 90-100 100-120 82-130 107-114 91-118,5

Luminous flux, lm 89,7 90,6 100,2 100,3 80,1

Table — Bin limits on luminous flux, indicated by manufactures and measured values of luminous flux of samples at nominal current.

Tested LEDs: Sample1 - Sample5

Selection of LED element base


Optimization of optical system for LED street light

Purpose: 100% usage of luminous flux.

Tasks: 1. Change of normative-technical base (illumination levels, height and step of poles, requirements to glare, color rendering and illumination level);2. Development of luminary with required light output diagram;3. Development of light projects.

Example of impractical illumination

Optimization of heat design of luminariesStorage

temperature, С

LEDs -30 … +85

Supply units 85

Protective coating(polymer)

90

Optics 95

Thermogram of multichip LED module

Thermogram of multichip LED module

Kinetics of heating in different sample points

Kinetics of heating in different sample points

Thermal model testing ofLuminaire Fortimo (Philips)Thermal model testing of

Luminaire Fortimo (Philips)



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Development of Photovoltaics and Energy-Efficient Technologies in Kazakhstan Serekbol Tokmoldin...

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