Development of a Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission
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Transcript of Development of a Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission
Development of a Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission
Lung-Wen Tsai
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
(909) 787-2128
Objectives
• To improve vehicle fuel economy
• To reduce hazardous emissions.
Background on Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
• DOE Initiatives PNGV program GATE program
• Series Hybrid Early times
• Parallel Hybrid New trend
Transmission Gearbox
Electric Motor/ Generator
Controller
Operator commands
Feed-back signals
Differential
10
20
30
40
50
60
61 62
Batteries
Engine
WheelWheel
• Toyota Prius (1998)
Notable Hybrid Configurations
Toyota Hybrid System (THS)
3
2
5
1
To Differential
Engine
4
Electric m otorGenerator
Battery pack
Inverter
• 2-DOF (CVT) torque split device
• Continuous mechanical and electrical paths from engine to output shaft
• Uses 2 motor/generators
• Single PG set
Notable Hybrid Configurations
• Honda Insight (2000)
• Integrated Motor Assist Starter Motor Generator Damper
• MYBRID
• 5-speed gearbox
Notable Hybrid Configurations
• Chrysler Dodge Durango (2003)
Electric front wheel drive & conventional rear wheel drive Dodge Ram Contractor Special (2004)
Hybrid power train & auxiliary power generator
• Ford Motor Co. Escape SUV (2003)
• General Motors Epsilon platform SUV (2004)
MIBRID ParadiGM system
• Automatic transmission design with no torque converter
• Operates as a 1-DOF or 2- DOF (CVT) mechanism Sums torque Splits torque
• Uses only one electric motor/generator
• 5 basic operational modes
LWT Parallel Hybrid Transmission
Mechanism Description
No. Operation Mode Clutches Engaged Motor OperatingCondition
Mobility
C1 C2 B1 B2
1 Motor X Motor 1- DOF2 Power1 (P1) X X Motor 1- DOF3 Power2 (P2) X Motor 2- DOF4 Power3 (P3) X X Motor 1- DOF
5 CVT X Generator 2- DOF
6 Engine1 (E1) X X Free Wheeling 1- DOF7 Engine2 (E2) X X Stationary 1- DOF8 Engine3 (E3) X X Free Wheeling 1- DOF9 Engine4 (E4) X X Stationary 1- DOF
10 Regenerative1 (R1) X X Generator 1- DOF11 Regenerative2 (R2) X Generator 2- DOF12 Regenerative3 (R3) X X Generator 1- DOF13 Regenerative4 (R4) X Generator 1- DOF
Operational Modes
• Used to initially move the vehicle from a standstill and for low speed driving in city traffic
• “1st gear” equivalent
Motor Mode (1 DOF)
• Used during low speed, low torque cruising conditions
• Lowest reduction
• “2nd gear” equivalent
Engine 1 Mode (1 DOF)
• For low speed, high torque conditions
• Power-assist compliment to E1
Power 1 Mode (1-DOF)
• Used during moderate speed, average torque conditions
• 1:1 gear ratio (very efficient)
• “3rd gear” or “direct drive” equivalent
Engine 3 Mode (1-DOF)
• For moderate speed, high torque conditions• 1:1 gear ratio (very efficient)• Power-assist compliment to E3
Power 3 Mode (1-DOF)
• Used during highway cruising conditions
• “4th gear” or “overdrive” equivalent
Engine 4 Mode (1-DOF)
• Used to charge the batteries when battery state-of-charge is low and power requirement for cruising is low
• Broad speed range
CVT/Charge Mode (2-DOF)
• Broad speed range, low to moderate torque conditions• CVT operation
Power 2 Mode (2-DOF)
Kinematic and Static Analysis
1 + N414 – (1+N41)3 = 0. (1)
1 + N313 – (1+N41)2 = 0. (2)
N411 + (N41/(1+N31))2-4 = 0. (3)
(1 + N41)1 + (1 + N41/(1 + N31))2 + 3 = 0. (4)
Mode Shifting Analysis
Notional Shifting Strategy
E3
E1
E4
Motor
P2P3
P1
CVTVehicle
Speed
Stopped
Overdrive
2-DOFCharge
2-DOFPower
1-DOFPower & Charge
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
ADVISOR Model
wheel andaxle <wh>
vehicle <veh>
gal
total fuel used (gal)
powerbus <pb>
motor/controller <mc> par
lwt400 <gb>
fuelconverter
<fc> prius
final drive <fd>
exhaust sys<ex>
energystorage <ess>
drive cycle<cyc>
fc_emis
ex_calct
Version &Copyright
AND
emis
HC, CO,NOx, PM (g/s)
fc_trqspd_a
Goto <vc>2
mc_trqspd_a
Goto <vc>1
fc_spd
Goto <svc>
Clock
<vc> greg<sdo> greg
Engine Efficiency Map
Motor Efficiency Map
Operating Limits – Hybrid Modes
ADVISOR Model Results
• UDDS
1
2
3
4
5
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
time(sec)
Ge
ar
Se
lec
tio
n
Prius 52.0 mpg (city)Advisor Torque Assist 47.6 mpg (city)LWT400 50.6/59 mpg (city)
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
time (sec)
% S
OC
Preliminary Data
ADVISOR Model Results
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
time (sec)
Mo
tor
To
rqu
e (
N-m
)
• UDDS
-50
0
50
100
150
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
time(sec)
En
gin
e T
orq
ue
(N
-m)
Preliminary Data
Prototype Development
• Based on GM THM-400
• Prototype complete
• Preliminary testing started
• A parallel hybrid transmission conceived with: 1-DOF, 2 DOF (CVT), or combination capability No torque converter Only one motor/generator Based on conventional automatic transmission components
• Torque coupling and gear change transmission in a single embodiment
• Well suited for hybrids requiring larger motor than MYBRIDS
• Well suited for front-wheel drive applications
• Can operate in engine-only modes during low lower cruising
• Easily manufactured from existing automatic transmission tooling
Summary
• Testing prototype on the dynamometer
• Continue control and shift strategy evolution
• Integrate in a test vehicle
• Patent pending
• Seeking for support/collaboration
Future Work