Development Chapter 9 By: Janessa Polanco, Olivia Parra, Fiona Dam, & Juan Garcia VS.
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Transcript of Development Chapter 9 By: Janessa Polanco, Olivia Parra, Fiona Dam, & Juan Garcia VS.
Development
Chapter 9By: Janessa Polanco, Olivia
Parra, Fiona Dam, & Juan Garcia
VS
• Many couples give birth to an overabundance of children in order to support family.
• There is no health care to treat things like tuberculosis, or to almost guarantee a live birth.
• Compared, to the U.S. where the average income is $4000 a month, the average working household gets around $16, barely enough to supply the minimum amount of food.
Case Study: Bangladesh’s Development Challenges
• 20 students/ 1 teacher
• 98% literacy rate• life span: 70 • Infant Mortality
Rate: <.5%• NIR: 0.2%• CBR: 12 to 1000
MDC• 30 students/ 1
teacher• 60% literacy rate• life span: 60 if
survived first 5 years• Infant Mortality
Rate: 6%• NIR: 1.5%• CBR: 23 to 1000
LDC
VS
Sub-Saharan Africa United States
How HDI is Calculated
You classify a country by selecting one economic factor, two social factors, and one demographic factor. Then from there a team of analysts best reveal a country’s level of development:• Economic factor: GDP (gross domestic product)
per capita• Social factors: literacy rate and amount of
education• Demographic factor: life expectancy
More Developed Regions
HDI
North America 0.95
Europe 0.93
Russia 0.73
Japan 0.96
Oceania 0.90
Less Developed Regions HDI
Latin America 0.82
East Asia 0.77
SW Asia and N Africa 0.74
Southeast Asia 0.73
Central Asia 0.70
South Asia 0.61
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.51
Brandt Line
three-sector hypothesis: common system of division of major economic activities into: primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors
↛E primary: acquiring of natural resources and raw materials■ wood, steel, coal■ industries such as forestry, fishing, and farming↛E secondary: production/processing of merchandise■ homes, devices, vehicles, pottery, building structures
↛E tertiary: offered services■ real estate agents, management, financial assistance
Economic Sectors
Theories and Models of Economic Development
↛E Harrod-Domar Growth Model - economy’s growth rate:■ amount of saving/efficiency of investment
■ net investment leads to more capital accumulation, which generates higher output and income.
↛E Lewis Structural Change Model - dual economy:
■ models the change of capitalist and subsistence sectors
■ higher incomes generate savings/more savings mean more fund available for investment.
According to the UN gender inequality exists in every country in favor of males, some more than others.
Gender-Related Development Index
● Economic indicator of gender differences: Per capita female income as a percentage of per capita male income.
● Social indicators of gender differences: # of females enrolled in school compared to males and % of of literate females: % of literate males
● Demographic indicator of gender differences: life expectancy of females to males
How GDI is calculated
Self-Sufficiency
Self-Sufficiency: “Balanced equally. Equal economy, reduce poverty, isolate businesses to help, barriers limit imports, restrict local business” -quizlet
Purpose?“Under self-sufficiency, incomes in the
countryside keep pace with those in the city, and reducing poverty takes precedence over encouraging a few people to become wealthy consumers.”
How Self-Sufficiency is Promoted
❖ Taxes: also known as tariffs are placed on imported items so they are not easily affordable
❖ Quotas: used to limit the quantity of imported goods
❖ Licenses: required to restrict # of legal importers
1. End poverty and hunger2. Achieve universal primary education3. Promote gender equality4. Reduce child mortality5. Improve maternal health6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental stability 8. Develop a global partnership for development
Millennium Development Goals
❖ fair trade: products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs
❖ productivity: the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it
❖ value added: the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy
Vocabulary