Development Areas Emotional Moral Physical Social Cognitive Chronological Ages 0-6 7-12 13-19.
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Transcript of Development Areas Emotional Moral Physical Social Cognitive Chronological Ages 0-6 7-12 13-19.
![Page 1: Development Areas Emotional Moral Physical Social Cognitive Chronological Ages 0-6 7-12 13-19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb80bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Development Areas
Emotional
Moral
Physical
Social
Cognitive
Chronological Ages 0-6
7-12
13-19
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Basic Processes of Development• Maturation
– Biological process of systematic physical growth
– Experience plays role in specific contexts
Developmental Psychology
Red indicates more gray matter, blue less gray matter.
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Early Experiences and Critical Periods
• Imprinting (Lorenz)– Inborn tendency or instinct
– Sensitive period – critical period
• Early social deprivation– Harlow’s monkeys, social isolation, and
continuing detrimental effects
– Controversy over effects on children• Some abnormal effects may be irreversible
Developmental Psychology
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Developmental Psychology
Birth to 2 yrs
Sensorimotor Uses senses and motor skills, items known by use; Object permanence
2 - 7 yrs Pre-operational Symbolic thinking, language used; egocentric thinking, imagination/ experience grow, child de-centers
7 - 11 yrs Concrete operational
Logic applied, objective/rational interpretations; conservation, numbers, ideas, classifications
11 yrs on Formal operational
Thinks abstractly, hypothetical ideas; ethics, politics, social/moral issues explored
Piaget’s cognitive development theory
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Developmental Psychology
Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
Trust vs. Mistrust
Erikson’s Psychosocial
theory
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Marcia’s Theory of Personal Identity• James Marcia - examined development
of personal identity.
• Identified four main approaches to developing a sense of identity:
• achievement• foreclosure• diffusion • moratorium
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Sexual and Gender Development
• Sex - Physiologically Determined• Gender - Psychologically Determined• Sexual Development - Increasing Awareness of
sex differences• Gender Identification - Acquiring sex roles• Androgyny - Displaying both expressive and
instrumental qualities
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Theories of Sexual and Gender Development
• Biological Development
• Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development
• Behaviorism
• Social Leaning Theory
• Schema Theory
• Homosexuality
http://myspacetv.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=7504339
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Social Development
• Attachment - strength and kind of bond that exists between people.– Avoidant Attachment– Secure Attachment– Resistant Attachment
• Friendship and Play
• Unoccupied• Solitary• Onlooker
•Parallel•Associative•Cooperative
Play Stages
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Developmental Psychology
Early Childhood
Solitary play
Parallel play
Cooperative play
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Moral Development• Moral Development - process of acquiring sense of
right and wrong.
• Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development
– Moral Realism
– Morality of Cooperation• Kohlberg
– Moral Dilemmas
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Developmental Psychology
Level I: Preconventional moral reasoning
Stage 1 “might makes right”
Punishment/obedience orientation: self-interest
Stage 2 “look out for number one”
Instrumental/relativist orientation: quid pro quo
Level II: Conventional moral reasoning
Stage 3 “good girl, nice boy”
Proper behavior for the social approval
Stage 4 “law and order”
Proper behavior of the dutiful citizen, obey laws
Level III: Postconventional moral reasoning
Stage 5 “social contract”
Mutual benefit to all, obey society’s rules
Stage 6 “universal ethical principles”
Defend right/wrong, not just majority, all life is sacred (reflective)
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
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Gilligan’s Theory
• An alternative theory of the moral development of women.
• Empathy
• Competition Versus Cooperation
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Evaluating Kohlberg’s Theory
• Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory:– Subjective Scoring– Lack of Stage Specificity– Inconsistencies between Thoughts and
Actions– Originally Validated on White, Middle-class,
Males