Development and application of a biological assessment systems Multimetric Assessment of...

Development and application of a biological assessment systems

Multimetric Assessment of macroinvertebrates and Assessment Software

Dr Mario Sommerhäuser and University of Essen Institute of Ecology

Department of Hydrobiology

CETEC Curso “Aplicação de Ecomorfologia Fluvial na Validação da Tipologia de Rios” 16-18/06/2010

Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software

Biological Assessment



Main stressors for rivers today (Europe)Organic pollution

Eutrophication

Hydro-morphology



Indicator value of the different biological quality components

Organic pollution

Eutrophi-cation

AcidificationHydro-

Morphology/Migration

Long-term reaction

short-term reaction

Basin

Site

„Holistic approach of WFD“



Type-specific approach Assessment in comparison with reference conditions (~ high ecological status) New and specific sampling methods Multimetric approaches for the analysis of biological results (i. e. species lists)

- combination of different metrics (biocoenotic indicator values/functional groups): e. g. species number, share of certain groups like Stoneflies and others, share of functional feeding groups)

- Different reaction againts different stressors- CEN and ISO standards for European biological indices

Common features of the new German biological assessment methods for all four aquatic quality components



Example for the assessment with biol. quality elements:

MacroinvertebratesAQEM / PERLODES system



8

Content

General concept and development of the multimetric assessment system (AQEM / PERLODES, Germany)

Design and application European River Classification Software System Version 3.0

Interpretation of assessment results

Examples of taxa, ecological information, species traits, indicative potential as a basis for multimetric assessment systems

Content



9

Forms of impairments (“Stressors”)

Nutrient enrichment/organic pollution

Microhabitats

Hydromorphology

Land use

General Concept



10

Ecological Quality Assessment: Multi-metric concept

„Ecological Status“

Trophic structure

Function

SensitivitySpecies richness

Diversity

Resilience

Resistence

Stagnation

Hydromorphology

PollutionPoison

Acidification

Salt

Fine sediments

Global warming

General Concept



11

Taxalist

Information on the saprobic status

Information on the acidic status

Information on other stressors

Ecologicalstatus

Reference status

Need for action

}

Assessmentformula

Assessmentformula

Assessmentformula

Stressor-specific Assessment

General Concept



12

Taxalist




Ecologicalstatus

Reference status

Need for action

}


Assessmentformula

Assessmentformula

Assessmentformula

Modul organic pollution

Modul acidification

Modul general degradation

General Concept



13

German Standard DIN 38410 (2004)

Acid quality classes according to Braukmann & Biss (2004)

Stream type specific assessment - formulas:Metric 1Metric 2Metric 3...


Taxalist




General Concept



14

reference good moderate poor bad

Alpine streams < 1.20 to 1.80 to 2.55 to 3.25 to 4.00

Small mountain streams < 1.45 to 2.00 to 2.65 to 3.35 to 4.00

Mid-sized mountain streams < 1.60 to 2.10 to 2.75 to 3.35 to 4.00

Mid-sized sand bottom streams in the lowlands

< 1.90 to 2.35 to 2.90 to 3.45 to 4.00

(...)

Stream type-specific Saprobic Index

Example: Saprobic Index = 1.85

General Concept



15




Taxalist





General Concept



16




Taxalist





General Concept



17

What is a Metric?

- Abundance of a mayfly species

- Number of mayfly species

- Percentage of all mayfly species on the sample

- Presence of specific indicator species of the mayflies

- Percentage of the filter feeding organisms

Multi-metric Index(Hering et al. 2004a,

b; Lorenz et al. 2004;Meier et al. 2005)

General Concept



18

Selection of parameters,which indicate the effects of

degradation

Correlation analysis

Database 1Taxalists

Database 2Abiotic site data

- land use in the catchment- hydromorphological quality

Selection of Metrics

Calculation of ca. 80 metricswith each taxalist

General Concept



19

Correlation Analysis

Metric results & Land use parameters

Metric results & hydromorphological parameters

General Concept



20


Siedlung [%]

An

zah

l Ta

xa T

rich

op

tera

0

4

8

12

16

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

Residential area [%]

Num

ber

of T

richo

pter

a

General Concept



21

Siedlung [%]

Ge

rma

n F

au

na

In

de

x T

yp 1

5

-1,8

-1,2

-0,6

0,0

0,6

1,2

1,8

0 2 4 6 8 10


Residential area [%]

Ger

man

Fau

na I

ndex

General Concept



22

Calculation of ca. 80 metricswith every taxalist

Selection of parameters,which indicate the effects

of degradation

Correlation analysis Selection of Candidate metrics

Selection of Metrics

General Concept



23

High and significant correlation of a metric with hydromorphological or land use parameters

Candidate metrics for each stream type cover all metric groups according to the WFD

• taxonomic composition and abundance

• richness/diversity

• sensitive/tolerant taxa

• functional

Criteria for the selection of the metrics

General Concept



24

Situation in the catchment

Presence of specialistsfor rare or degraded habitats

Functional groups

Sensitivity/tolerance

Richness/diversity

Composition

Metric type

Metarhithral [%]

German Fauna Index mid-sizedmountain streams

No. of EPTCBO

EPT [%]

Metric

% of sensitive taxa and habitats

Example: Mid-sized mountain streams

General Concept

Information

Diversity of fauna and habitats

ASTERICS

Design and application of the AQEM/STAR European River Classification System v3.0



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The current version of the software to calculate the ecological status of streams and rivers is downloadable for free!

Options:- Germany official system

(PERLODES)- Germany original (AQEM system)- Several European countries

Homepage:- www.aqem.de or- www.fliessgewaesserbewertung.de

ASTERICS v.3.0



27

The assessment-software runs under Windows 98, NT, 2000 and XP.

The data import is normally carried out via MS Excel.

The import table must follow certain rules on layout and format.

The assessment-software calculates the ecological quality status of each imported taxalist.

The assessment-software calculates about 300 additional metrics for each imported taxalist.

Note: Yet, no interpretation of the results or recommendations for improvement of

the quality status are given.

Overview

ASTERICS v.3.0



28

- Data import by Excel- or text-files (ASCII-Format); respect correct format

- Main component of the data import: Key code (encoding every taxon definitely by numbers and/or letters)

Data sources

Background for encoding- Taxon names can have different spellings.

- Taxon names are not enduring – they change often in time according to improvements in taxonomy. Thus, taxa could have different names in different databases (synonyms).

- A key code is composed of identification numbers, which are assigned to every taxon (definite identification, independent of spelling or synonymy).

- Codes could be made of numbers, letters or combinations of those.

ASTERICS v.3.0



29

(1) Import: Import of an Excel-file or ASCII-file

(2) Settings: choice of key code

(3) Settings: choice of stream type and stressor

Note: The menues 2 and 3 appear gradually after pressing the “Import” button.

Application of the Assessment Software (in four steps)

ASTERICS v.3.0



30

(1) Import: Import of an Excel file or ASCII file

Application of the Assessment Software (4 steps)

(2) Settings: choice of key code

(3) Settings: choice of stream type and stressor

(4) Start of calculation

ASTERICS v.3.0



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TaxalistID_ART TAXON_NAME Sieg

4335 Aphelocheirus aestivalis 0,84380 Baetidae Gen. sp. 4,44397 Baetis fuscatus 41,54419 Baetis sp. 31,34521 Caenis luctuosa 4,44584 Ceraclea sp. 2,24639 Cheumatopsyche lepida 82,94642 Chironomidae Gen. sp. 24,05059 Ecdyonurus venosus-Gr. 29,45075 Eiseniella tetraedra 13,15131 Serratella ignita 30,05237 Leuctra geniculata 2,25601 Hydropsyche pellucidula 15,35605 Hydropsyche sp. 35,75790 Leuctra sp. 10,95851 Limnius opacus Lv. 102,55854 Limnius volckmari Lv. 2,26468 Polycentropus flavomaculatus 6,56510 Potamanthus luteus 16,36780 Rhyacophila sp. 15,36853 Simulium sp. 268,46886 Sphaerium sp. 2,26909 Stenelmis canaliculata Lv. 48,06972 Tanypodinae Gen. sp. 39,36977 Tanytarsini Gen. sp. 19,68142 Hydropsyche incognita 10,38691 Asellus aquaticus 24,08736 Oligochaeta Gen. sp. 8,78831 Turbellaria Gen. sp. 2,2

12091 Limnius opacus Ad. 9,512121 Stenelmis canaliculata Ad. 2,219110 Rhyacophila dorsalis/nubila 13,9

sin sgn2 40 0

2,1 40 02 4

2,1 42,1 8

0 01,5 8

0 01,9 41,6 16

2 40 0

1,5 80 0

1,6 82 4

2,1 80 00 00 0

1,8 40 00 02 4

2,7 40 00 00 0

1,8 40 0

zeu zhy zer zmr zhr zep zmp zhp zli zpr0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 00 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 3 00 0 0 1 4 4 1 0 0 00 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 00 0 0 1 2 3 1 0 3 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 3 6 1 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 20 0 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 00 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 00 0 1 3 3 2 0 0 1 00 0 0 0 2 7 1 0 0 00 0 1 2 4 3 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 00 0 0 3 5 2 0 0 0 00 0 1 3 5 1 0 0 0 00 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 6 4 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 5 4 1 0 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 3 5 2 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Results of the metrics 1,90 0,1% 0,7% 3,7% 9,5% 16,7% 17,2% 4,5% 0,7% 2,1% 0,5%

Metrics

ASTERICS v.3.0



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Results

(A) Assessment: Display of scores of the Ecological Quality Class together with the Core Metrics and underlying results.

ASTERICS v.3.0



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- Level 2: Quality classes of the single moduls

- Level 1: Ecological quality class (integrated assessment)

- Level 3: Results of the core metrics

- Level 4: Results of all metrics

ASTERICS v.3.0



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Export-Function

The software has the possibility to export all metric results to Excel

ASTERICS v.3.0

Interpretation of assessment results

Examples of taxa, ecological information, species traits and the indicative potential as a basisfor multimetric assessment systems

and the interpretation of results



36

Mid-sized sand-bottom lowland streams

Lachte NI

Interpretation of Assessment Results



37

Scores Lachte

Probenahme Lachte Staat Germany, official system Fließgewässertyp Typ 15: Sand- und lehmgeprägte Tieflandflüsse Taxaliste original Stressor General degradation result score (0-1) quality class Ergebnis 0,9 high

Toleranz - Fauna Index D15/17 1,154 1 highFunktionen - Litoral [%] 3,84 1 highFunktionen - Pelal [%] 4,63 1 highZusammensetzung - EPT [%] (abundance classes) 53,52 0,74 goodVielfalt, Diversität - # Trichoptera 8 0,67 good




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53.5EPT [%] (abundance classes)

2.32Diversity (Shannon-Wiener-Index)

1.15Fauna Index Typ 15/17

1.85German Saprobic Index

35Number of Taxa

561.6Abundance [Ind./m²]

Value Metric

Results Lachte




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Taxalist Lachte

0,10,8Atrichops crassipesDiptera

0,10,8Limoniidae Gen. sp.Diptera

1,910,4Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera

0,63,2Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera

2,312,8Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera

16,190,4Hydropsyche sp.Trichoptera

0,42,4Halesus radiatusTrichoptera

1,7

0,1

0,3

0,7

0,1

1,6

0,1

0,3

0,1

26,2

0,1

3,3

0,3

14,0

1,0

0,1

1,1

0,4

1,6

18,4

1,1

3,7

0,3

0,1

0,9

0,4

0,1

0,1

%

0,8Mystacides azureaTrichoptera

0,8Oreodytes sanmarkii Ad.Coleoptera

9,6Atherix ibisDiptera

8,8Limnius volckmari Lv.Coleoptera

0,8Limnius volckmari Ad.Coleoptera

4Oulimnius tuberculatus Ad.Coleoptera

1,6Hydraena sp. Ad.Coleoptera

1,6Lepidostoma hirtumTrichoptera

0,8Sericostoma flavicorne/personatumTrichoptera

147,2Brachycentrus subnubilusTrichoptera

0,8Halesus digitatus/tesselatusTrichoptera

18,4Hydropsyche pellucidulaTrichoptera

1,6Lype reductaTrichoptera

78,4Leuctra sp.Plecoptera

5,6Ophiogomphus ceciliaOdonata

0,8Gomphus vulgatissimusOdonata

6,4Heptagenia sp.Ephemeroptera

2,4Electrogena sp.Ephemeroptera

8,8Heptageniidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera

103,2Serratella ignitaEphemeroptera

6,4Baetidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera

20,8Gammarus sp.Crustacea

1,6Gammarus pulexCrustacea

0,8Asellus aquaticusCrustacea

4,8Erpobdellidae Gen. sp.Hirudinea

2,4Oligochaeta Gen. sp.Oligochaeta

0,8Sphaerium sp.Bivalvia

0,8Pisidium sp.Bivalvia

Ab.Taxon nameTaxa-Group

0,10,8Atrichops crassipesDiptera

0,10,8Limoniidae Gen. sp.Diptera

1,910,4Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera

0,63,2Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera

2,312,8Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera

16,190,4Hydropsyche sp.Trichoptera

0,42,4Halesus radiatusTrichoptera

1,7

0,1

0,3

0,7

0,1

1,6

0,1

0,3

0,1

26,2

0,1

3,3

0,3

14,0

1,0

0,1

1,1

0,4

1,6

18,4

1,1

3,7

0,3

0,1

0,9

0,4

0,1

0,1

%

0,8Mystacides azureaTrichoptera

0,8Oreodytes sanmarkii Ad.Coleoptera

9,6Atherix ibisDiptera

8,8Limnius volckmari Lv.Coleoptera

0,8Limnius volckmari Ad.Coleoptera

4Oulimnius tuberculatus Ad.Coleoptera

1,6Hydraena sp. Ad.Coleoptera

1,6Lepidostoma hirtumTrichoptera

0,8Sericostoma flavicorne/personatumTrichoptera

147,2Brachycentrus subnubilusTrichoptera

0,8Halesus digitatus/tesselatusTrichoptera

18,4Hydropsyche pellucidulaTrichoptera

1,6Lype reductaTrichoptera

78,4Leuctra sp.Plecoptera

5,6Ophiogomphus ceciliaOdonata

0,8Gomphus vulgatissimusOdonata

6,4Heptagenia sp.Ephemeroptera

2,4Electrogena sp.Ephemeroptera

8,8Heptageniidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera

103,2Serratella ignitaEphemeroptera



1,6Gammarus pulexCrustacea

0,8Asellus aquaticusCrustacea


2,4Oligochaeta Gen. sp.Oligochaeta

0,8Sphaerium sp.Bivalvia






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Stever near Füchtelner Mühle (NRW)




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Level 1: Ecological quality class

Level 2: Results of the different modules

- Saprobic index

- General degradation

good SI = 2.29

Score = 0.23

poor

poor

Thus, the reason for the poor status is the general/hydro-morphological degradation.

To rise the ecological status the hydromorphology of the site has to be improved.




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• German Fauna Index 0,09

• # Trichoptera 0,13

• EPT-Taxa [%] 0,25

• Litoral [%] 0,24

• Pelal [%] 0,87

Level 3: Scores of the core metrics

bad

bad

poor

poor

reference

rare and type specific species are missing

poor habitat diversity, e.g. organic substrates are absent (woody debris, CPOM)

Summary:

The single results imply that the site is hydromorphologically extemely impaired.

The effects on the invertebrate community are obvious (Fauna Index, number of Trichoptera taxa, % Littoral preferences).

Disturbance of natural flow regime (stagnant situations, absence of shading and high amounts of macrophytes)

Low species-richness and shifted abundances




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Taxalist Stever

0,14,8Corixidae Gen. sp.Heteroptera

0,14,8Haliplus sp. Ad.Coleoptera

1,0

14,2

4,0

0,9

0,3

1,0

0,3

1,7

1,1

0,3

0,0

19,5

45,2

6,4

0,9

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,6

1,0

0,6

0,3

%

480Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera

33,6Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera

134,4Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera

28,8Hydroptila sp.Trichoptera

9,6Cyrnus trimaculatusTrichoptera

33,6Oulimnius sp. Lv.Coleoptera

9,6Cloeon sp.Ephemeroptera

57,6Caenis sp.Ephemeroptera

38,4Caenis luctuosa/macruraEphemeroptera

9,6Caenis horaria/robustaEphemeroptera



1526,4Gammarus roeseliiCrustacea

216Asellus aquaticusCrustacea

28,8Helobdella stagnalisHirudinea

4,8Glossiphonia complanataHirudinea


4,8Naididae/Tubificidae Gen. sp.Oligochaeta


19,2Dreissena polymorphaBivalvia

33,6Valvata sp.Gastropoda

19,2Potamopyrgus antipodarumGastropoda

9,6Bithynia tentaculataGastropoda


0,14,8Corixidae Gen. sp.Heteroptera

0,14,8Haliplus sp. Ad.Coleoptera

1,0

14,2

4,0

0,9

0,3

1,0

0,3

1,7

1,1

0,3

0,0

19,5

45,2

6,4

0,9

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,6

1,0

0,6

0,3

%

480Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera

33,6Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera

134,4Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera

28,8Hydroptila sp.Trichoptera

9,6Cyrnus trimaculatusTrichoptera

33,6Oulimnius sp. Lv.Coleoptera

9,6Cloeon sp.Ephemeroptera

57,6Caenis sp.Ephemeroptera

38,4Caenis luctuosa/macruraEphemeroptera

9,6Caenis horaria/robustaEphemeroptera



1526,4Gammarus roeseliiCrustacea

216Asellus aquaticusCrustacea

28,8Helobdella stagnalisHirudinea

4,8Glossiphonia complanataHirudinea


4,8Naididae/Tubificidae Gen. sp.Oligochaeta


19,2Dreissena polymorphaBivalvia

33,6Valvata sp.Gastropoda

19,2Potamopyrgus antipodarumGastropoda

9,6Bithynia tentaculataGastropoda





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Ebene 3: Ergebnisse der Core Metrics

Level 3: Scores of the core metricsbad

bad

poor

poor

reference

• German Fauna Index 0,09

• # Trichoptera 0,13

• EPT-Taxa [%] 0,25

• Litoral [%] 0,24

• Pelal [%] 0,87




25 cm

25 cmNetz-maschen-weite:0,5 mm

Teilprobe

Sand (55 % = 11 Teilproben)

Steine (<5% = 0 Teilproben)

Kies (25 % = 5 Teilproben)

Fallaub (15 % = 3 Teilproben)

Holz (5 % = 1 Teilprobe)

Standardized sampling method: Multi-Habitat-Sampling (AQEM method = EUROPEAN „CEN“ Standard since 2010)



Comparison with

operational taxa list!

Standardized treatment of the samples (sieving and sub-sampling

Autecology on species level

Ecological indicators

Basis for assessment

Development and application of a biological assessment systems Multimetric Assessment of...

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