Development a low cost and fast deployment solution for air...

WORKSHOP ON SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) 1

Development a low cost and fast deployment solution for air quality and weather monitoring system based on

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Group of Rural Telecommunication at Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (GTR-PUCP)

Andres Jacoby KrateilMarch 27th, 2015International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Workshop on Scientific Applications for IoT


Motivation• Lima is the most air polluted city in Latinoamerica

according to WHO.

• According to WHO, one-eighth of the total deaths in the world is caused by air pollution.

• The Peruvian authorities (DIGESA and SENAMHI) measure the air quality in intervals of months and at specific locations due to the expensive equipment and limited movement of the continuous air quality monitoring stations.

• There is no culture of air quality awareness in the population.


Proposed design of air quality solution based on WSN

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a viable solution for the problem describe due to the following facts:

1) Cover a large area.2) Provide data about AQ continuously.3) Be energetically autonomous.4) Be relative inexpensive.

Conceptually schematic of the solution.


ARDUINO DUE

RTCMODULE

SHIELD X-BEE

X-BEE PROMODULE

AMPLIFIER

TEMPERATURE

SENSOR

CONDITIONER

HUMIDITY SENSOR

CONDITIONER

WIND SPEED

SENSOR

CONDITIONER

WIND DIRECTION

SENSOR

A1

A0

INT. EXT. D2

A4

SCL

SDA

TX

RX

GND

5V

GND

5V

GND

3.3V

GND

3.3V

12 V

GND

GND

5V

GND

3.3V

GND

3.3V

Vcc

RX TX

CONDITIONER

PRECIPITATION SENSOR

GND

3.3V

CONDITIONER

PRESURESENSOR

A5

GND

5V

CONDITIONER

SOLAR RADIATION

SENSORA3

GND

5V

CONDITIONER

SENSOR RADIACIÓN UV

A2

GND

5V

INT. EXT. D3

SUPPLYAND REGULATOR

GND

Vin 12V Vout 5V

FAN CONTROLLER

GND

12V

D7

Proposed design of the weather node

• The proposed design of the Weather Node is based on an Arduino Due.

• The radio selected was a Xbee PRO 900 HP.• The parameters measured by the weather node are:

• Temperature• Humidity• Wind speed• Wind direction• Precipitation• Pressure• Solar radiation• UV radiation


Proposed design of the air quality nodeGND

SUPPORTCKTO

ARDUINO DUE

RTCMODULE

COSENSOR

SHIELD X-BEE

X-BEE PROMODULE

SUPPORTCKTO

EXTERNALADC

NO2SENSOR

SUPPORTCKTO

SO2SENSOR

SUPPORTCKTO

O3SENSOR

SUPPORTCKTO

H2SSENSOR

SCL

SDA

TX

RX

5V

GND

5V

GND

5V

GND

5V

GND

5V

12V

GND

GND

5V

GND

3.3V

GND

3.3V

SCL

SDA

SCL

SDA

SCL

SDA

SCL

SDA

SCL

SDA

Vcc

RX TX

FAN CONTROLLER

GND

12V

D7

SUPPLYAND REGULATOR

GND

Vin 12V Vout 5V

TX2

RX2

AMPLIFICADOR

TEMPERATURE SNSOR

ACONDICIONADOR

HUMIDITY SENSOR

ACONDICIONADOR

SENSOR WIND SPEED

A0

A2

INT. EXT. D2

GND

5V

GND

5V

GND

3.3V

CONDITIONER

CO2SENSOR

A1

GND

5V

ACONDICIONADOR

O2SENSOR

A4

GND

5V

CONDITIONER

PMSENSOR

GND

5V

ACONDICIONADOR

SENSOR WIND

DIRECTIONGND

3.3V

A3

EXTERNALADC

EXTERNALADC

EXTERNALADC

EXTERNALADC

• The proposed design of the air quality node was also based on an Arduino Due.

• The radio selected was a also Xbee PRO 900 HP.• For the gas sensors a custom board for signal conditioner and

Analog-to-Digital conversion.• The parameters measure by the AQ node are: Carbon monoxide

(CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3),Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Particulate matter ( PM10, PM2.5), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Oxigen (O2), temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction.

Signal conditioner and ADC board.Arduino Due+XbeeShield+Custom board


Parameter Brand Model

CO Alphasense CO-B4

NO2 Alphasense NO2-B4

SO2 Alphasense SO2-B4

O3 Alphasense O3-B4

H2S Alphasense H2S-B4

PM10 & PM2.5 Cubic AM3004

CO2 Figaro CDM4161A

O2 Figaro KE-25

Temperature Texas Instruments LM35

Humidity Measurement Specialties In HTM2500L

Wind speed Sparkfun Weather meters

Wind direction Sparkfun Weather meters

Precipitation Sparkfun Weather meters

Pressure Freescale Semiconductor MPX4115A

Solar radiation Apogee Instruments SQ-110

UV radiation Apogee Instruments SU-100

Sensors used


Implementation AQ nodes version 1

Structure for the sensors made out of wood. Structure made out of plastic.


First deployment

Nodo V-2 Nodo V-1

Nodo Oficina-GTR

Servidor

Gateway

ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4)

EthernetLAN PUCP

Pabellón V

Oficina GTR - Pabellón O

Nodo V-1Nodo V-2

Nodo Oficina-GTR

Gateway

Servidor

Pabellón V

Pabellón O

Conceptual View of the WSN. Map of the deployment.


First deployment

AQ Node V1 at V Hall Weather Node at V Hall AQ Node V2 at V Hall


Air quality node version 2

Inside View of AQ Node V2 Outside View of AQ Node V2


Gateway

• Three gateways were developed and tested.

• A Xbee-Ethernet Gateway based Arduino Ethernet.

• A pair of two Gateway using GSM communication. A Xbee-GSM Gateway which forwards the WSN data to a server side GSM-Ethernet Gateway.

• For the Xbee-GSM Gateway the ITEAD Gboard Pro was used. In the server side a GSM shield with an Arduino Ethernet was used.

Xbee-Ethernet Gateway.

Xbee-GSM Gateway.

GSM-Ethernet Gateway.


Information system

• The Information System (IS) is based on the PHP based Yii Framework which uses MVC software architecture.

• The server runs on a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) on top of a HP ProLiantDL320e Gen8.

• The user interface is user-friendly and allow maintenance of the WSN, view real-time AQ, history search, map view, etc.

Software architecture of the information system.


Information system

Daily gas motorization.

Custom date, node and parameter selection.


Information system

Map view of the AQ nodes indicating the last measurements.


Other projects of WSN being developed at GTR

1) TapirNet: Tropical wildlife images Achieved by CMOS cameras and Passive InfraRed sensors in a wireless network. In order to estimate the economic value of the wildlife in the Allpahuayo-Mishana reserve. This project proposes the use wireless transmission and low cost CMOS cameras to gather pictures of wild animals in the reserve to help researches to keep an animal inventory. By using wireless transmission many nodes can be installed to cover a great area in the jungle and have the images transmitted to a central node where the researcher can have access to all the pictures.

2) Hot Houses: The “hot houses” project implements solutions to build warm and comfortable housing in cold weather zone (Peruvian highlands) by reducing the necessity of in-house firewood based heating which produces toxic smokes. As a way to validate the improvements of using this new technology a WSN was deployed in two communities (Langui, Cusco and Tantamaco, Puno). The WSN deployed senses internal and external temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, pressure, precipitation and solar radiation. Each WSN consist of 25 nodes with a point-multipoint topology. The Gateway sends the information to the server by SMS.


1. The TapirDuino cameras are placed in strategic places of a way that motivates the animals to go through .

2. Each time an animal passes by that way (action zone) the TapirDuino will take a picture.

3. At the end of each day the information gather by each node is transmitted to the sink node.

4. Weekly a UAV will travel from Iquitos to the intervention zone and will collect all the information from the sink node.


Allpahuayo – Mishana Reserve

WSN mesh-topology for the deployment.


TapirDuino

TapirDuino outside view. TapirDuino inside view.


Hot Houses

Hot house’s technique called “Hot Wall”.

Hot house’s techniques.


Hot Houses: Deployment simulation

Wireless network topology in Langui.Wireless network topology in Tanta Maco.


Hot Houses: Deployment

Hot house node deployed. Hot house node deployed.


Thank You

Development a low cost and fast deployment solution for air...

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