Developing Speed-flow-density Relationship for the Segregated

Motorcycle Lane

Associate Professor Dr. Law Teik HuaRoad Safety Research Center

Road Safety Research Center, UPM

High Motorcycle Population Countries

85%

55%

46%

93%

77%

60%

72%

73%

World Road Deaths Statistics

Source: WHO, 2018

Malaysia Registered Motorcycles

8 m, 2008 12 m, 2017

Malaysia Motorcycle Deaths

2008 : 3,898 deaths

2017 : 4,348 deaths

Malaysia Motorcycle Deaths

• 68% of all road crash injuries

• 20x higher risk than cars

Motorcycle Lanes

• First exclusive MC lane in the world

• 30 km long (per direction)

• -39% mc crashes

MC lane in Kedah, Malaysia

MC lane in Quezon City, Philippines

MC lane in Taipei, Taiwan

MC lane in Taipei, Taiwan

MC lane in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Research Gap

- Max flow

- Jam density

- Critical density

- Critical speed

Speed – Flow – Density Relationship

Experiment Design & Data Collection

Stage 1

• Federal Highway (Route 2)

• 2.4, 3.0 and 3.3 m

• Initial portion of a stable flow

(Low density, high speed)

• Flow at capacity or near-jam density

Experiment Design & Data Collection

Stage 2

• Experimental study

• UPM

• 1.5, 1.7 and 1.9 m

Experiment Design & Data Collection

Stage 3

• Experimental study

• Federal Highway (Route 2)

• 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m

Speed – Flow – Density Relationship

Headway and Space Riding Patterns

1.7 m

Headway

Space

Mc Speed vs Mc Density (Headway Pattern)

SJam density = 640

Mc Flow vs Mc Density (Headway Pattern)

Max Flow = 3060

Critical density = 235

Mc Speed vs Mc Flow (Headway Pattern)

Critical Speed = 13Unstable flow

Stable flow

Mc Speed vs Mc Density (Space Pattern)

Jam density = 0.46

Mc Flow vs Mc Density (Space Pattern)

Max Flow = 2207

0.166 mc/m-sq(6 m-sq/mc)

Mc Speed vs Mc Flow (Space Pattern)

Critical Speed = 13

Stable flow

Unstable flow

Conclusions

Headway Riding Pattern (1.4 m – 1.7 m)

Max flow : 3,060 mc/hr/laneCritical speed : 13 km/hrCritical density : 235 mc/km/lane

Headway Riding Pattern (2.8 m – 3.4 m)Max flow : 6,120 mc/hr

Conclusions

Space Riding Pattern (> 1.7 m)

Max flow : 2,207 mc/hr/mCritical speed : 13 km/hrCritical density : 0.166 mc/m-sq

Space Riding Pattern (> 1.7 m)Motorcycle lane width : 2.0 m Max flow : 4,414 mc/hr

Email: lawteik@upm.edu.my