Developing instructional materials
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Developing Instructional Materials “I hope Obama student loan program will correct our [negative]trend. Under the new system the federal government will lend money directly to student, instead of guaranteeing bank loans. That will lower student loan costs. The students also don’t need to be afraid of running up debt to get a degree, because their loans can be paid off in 20 years as a small fixed percentage of income. No one will ever have to drop out of college again because of cost.” Bill Clinton November 8, 2011 Michael W. Moore cwid # 010028336
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Transcript of Developing instructional materials
Developing Instructional Materials“I hope Obama student loan program will correct our [negative]trend. Under the new system the federal government will lend money directly to student, instead of guaranteeing bank loans. That will lower student loan costs. The students also don’t need to be afraid of running up debt to get a degree, because their loans can be paid off in 20 years as a small fixed percentage of income. No one will ever have to drop out of college again because of cost.” Bill Clinton November 8, 2011 Michael W. Moore cwid # 010028336
Developing Instructional Materials“It is highly recommended that you produce self-instructional materials in your first attempt at instructional design; the materials should permit the student to learn the new information and skills without any intervention from an instructor or fellow students. Once having performed this feat as a designer of print or mediated materials, you can move to instructor-led or various commendations of mediated materials with an instructor.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials Describe factors that may cause revisions in media selections and delivery systems for given instruction. Name and describe the components of an instructional package. List four categories of criteria for judging the appropriateness of existing instructional materials.
Developing Instructional Materials“In a typical classroom setting, the instructor does many things we describe as being components of an instructional strategy. The instructor is often the motivator, the content presenter, the leader of practice activities, and the evaluator. The instructor makes decisions that affect the whole group as well as individual students.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Instructors are usually required to use strategies whereby they must move the whole class forward through a sequence of instruction or retain the whole class at a particular point in the instruction until they feel that sufficient skill and knowledge have developed within a majority of the group.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“The hallmark of individualized instruction is that many of the instructional events typically carried out by the instructor with a group of students are now presented to the individual student through instructional materials. The instructor’s role is different, and even more important than in lockstep instruction.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“At this point in the instructional design process, a delivery system is specified and the instructional strategy has been developed, including clustering and sequencing, learning components, student grouping, and tentative media selections.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Three factors often cause compromise in media selections and the delivery systems: (1) availability of existing instructional materials, (2) production and implementation constraints, and (3) the amount of facilitation that the instructor will provide during instruction.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Availability of existing Instructional Materials: Sometimes existing materials are an attractive alternative to going through the development and production process. Existing materials could be substituted for planned materials on a scale ranging from a single motivational sequence in one lesson , to an entire course or curriculum.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Production and Implementation Constraints: Media formats and delivery systems that look expensive are expensive. Cutting production corners to save money will usually not impact students’ learning, but it will impact students’ attention and perceptions of relevance and authority. Novice designers who have worked with complex media often severely underestimate the costs of hiring commercial production etc.” Dick.et.al.2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Amount of Instructor Facilitation: The first steps in adoption of new technology are usually attempts to replicate the features of old technology; thus, as we began using ITV or computer-based instruction or web-based instruction, we tried to replicate features of the classroom experience for our students. Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Components: With your completed instructional strategy in hand, you are, at last, ready to start selecting existing instructional materials, developing materials yourself, or writing specifications for someone else who will be developing the materials.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“The instructional materials contain the content either written, mediated, or facilitated by an instructor that a student will use to achieve the objectives; This includes materials for major objectives and the terminal objective, and any materials for enhancing memory and transfer.” Dick et.al.2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Assessments: All instructional materials should be accompanied by objective tests or by product or performance assessment. These may include both a pretest and a posttest. The package will be complete only if you have included a posttest and the other assessments that are necessary for using the instructional package.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“The next step following the development of the instructional strategy is to determine whether there are existing materials that fix your objectives. In some content areas you will find an abundance of materials available available.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Goal-Centered Criteria for Evaluating Materials: This category of criteria is focused on the content of the instruction, and your instructional analysis documents will provide a basis for determining the acceptability of the content in various instructional materials.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“Specific criteria in this area include (1) congruence between the content in the materials and your terminal and performance objectives, (2) adequacy of content coverage and completeness, (3) authority, (4) accuracy, (5) currency, and (6) objectivity: Goal Centered Criteria, Learning-Centered Criteria for Evaluating Materials and Context-Centered Criteria.” Dick et.al. 2005
Developing Instructional Materials“The Designer’s Role: In many instructional settings, the person who designs the instruction is also the person who develop the materials and teaches students.” Dick et.al 2005
Developing Instructional MaterialsSummary: “You have the following resource materials for developing your instructions: Instructional goal, Instructional analysis, Performance objective, Sample test items, Characteristics of target learners, Characteristics of the learning and performance context. The performance objective in the design evaluation chart will help ensure congruence between instruction created and the objective.” Dick et.al. 2005
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