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Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A National Perspective
Kristine Wong, MPH - Program DirectorCommunity-Campus Partnerships for Health
Fostering Collaborative Community-Based Clinical and Translational Research Meeting
National Center for Research ResourcesSeptember 14, 2007
Overview
Introduction to CCPH
Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Project, 2002 – 2005
“Achieving the Promise of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: A Community Partner Summit,” 2006
CCPH Resources
Community-Campus Partnerships for Health
Mission
To promote health (broadly defined) through partnerships between
communities and higher educational institutions
CCPH Major Strategies
Create and expand opportunities for collaboration and information sharing
Promote awareness about the benefits of community-campus partnerships
Advocate for policies that facilitate and support community-campus partnerships
Support service-learning and community-based participatory research in higher education
*Conferences*Training Institutes *Educational Calls*Consultancy Network*Annual Awards*Community Partner Mobilization*Ethical Considerations in CBPR*Community-Engaged Scholarship for Health Collaborative*Engaged Institutions Initiative
CCPH Initiatives & Programs
Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Project, 2002 – 2005
Funding: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Prevention Research Center Office through a cooperative agreement with the Association of Schools of Public Health
Participant researchers: Representatives of 10 partner organizations
Products: (1) Knowledge synthesis: factors that contribute to and impede successful prevention research partnerships and (2) Evidence-based curriculum that is offered online and through training workshops
Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Project, 2002 – 2005
Overarching Goal:
To facilitate approaches for effectively translating community interventions in public health and prevention into widespread practice at the community level.
Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Project, 2002 – 2005
Aims:
1) To synthesize knowledge about community-institutional partnerships for prevention research
2) To build community and institutional capacity for participatory research
Participant-Researchers
Representatives from 10 Partner Organizations:
Community-Based Public Health Caucus of the American Public Health Association (national)
Community-Campus Partnerships for Health (national) Community Health Scholars Program (national) Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center – Detroit, MI Harlem Community and Academic Partnership – New York City, NY Harlem Health Promotion Center – New York City, NY National Community Committee of the CDC Prevention Research
Centers Seattle Partners for Healthier Communities – Seattle, WA Wellesley Institute - Toronto, Canada Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, New Haven, CT
Year 1 (2002-2003)
Examined and synthesized existing data on community-institutional partnerships for prevention research.
Results: Identified characteristics of successful
partnerships and barriers to successful partnerships
Made recommendations for building the capacity of communities, institutions and funding agencies
Sources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Major Findings: Characteristics of Successful Partnerships – Part I
Trusting relationships Equitable processes and procedures Diverse membership Tangible benefits to all partners Balance between partnership process, activities,
and outcomes Significant community involvement in scientifically
sound research
Sources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Major Findings: Characteristics of Successful Partnerships – Part II
Supportive partner organization policies and reward structures
Leadership at multiple levels Culturally competent and appropriately skilled
staff and researchers Collaborative dissemination Ongoing partnership assessment, improvement,
and celebration Sustainable impact
Sources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Major Findings: Barriers to Successful Partnerships
When characteristics of successful partnerships are absent
Funding mechanisms, policies, and procedures:*Limited funding sources*Funding agency requirements, definitions,
timelines, and reviews*Lack of funding and funding mechanisms that specifically support community involvement as an
equal research partnerSources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Recommendations for Emerging & Established Partnerships – Part I
*Embrace diversity within the partnership
*Decide who the “community” is, and who
“represents” the community
*Develop structures and processes that help
develop trust and shared leadership among partners
Sources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Recommendations for Emerging & Established Partnerships – Part II
*Provide training and technical assistance to partners –build capacity!
*Plan ahead for sustainability
*Be strategic about dissemination
*Invest in ongoing assessment, improvement, and celebration
Sources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Year 2 (2003-2004)
Policy Working Group
Goal: To implement policy recommendations by collaborating with funding agencies to support partnership infrastructure, assess partnerships in proposals and design peer review processes
Training Working Group Goal: To develop and test a training curriculum for
partnerships on developing and sustaining CBPR partnerships
Sources: Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Building and sustaining partnerships for prevention research: findings from a national collaborative. Journal of Urban Health, 2006 Nov;83(6):989-1003; The Examining Community-Institutional Partnerships for Prevention Research Group. Developing and Sustaining Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: A Skill-Building Curriculum. 2006. www.cbprcurriculum.info
Year 3 and beyond (2004-present)
Completed evidence-based curriculum for Developing & Sustaining CBPR Partnerships (2005)
www.cbprcurriculum.info
Pilot-tested it through a 4-day intensive training institute for partnership teams (Aug. 2005)
Team-taught the curriculum at: 2004 - 2007 CCPH conference workshops 2005 - 2007 APHA Continuing Education Institutes 2006 Canadian CBR Skills-Building Workshop 2006 Regional workshops in Oregon with CCPH, NW Health Foundation & community partners
Achieving the Promise of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: A Community Partner Summit
April 24-26, 2006Wingspread Conference Center, Racine, WI
Achieving the Promise of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: A Community Partner Summit
Convened by CCPH, with the support of: Community-Based Public Health Caucus of the
American Public Health Association National Community-Based Organization
Network National Community Committee of the CDC
Prevention Research Center Program
Funded by the WK Kellogg Foundation, the Johnson Foundation, and Atlantic Philanthropies
Achieving the Promise of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: A Community Partner Summit
Intended Outcomes Develop and gain clarity on the current state of community-higher
education partnerships Uncover community perspectives on the key insights and
ingredients of effective, authentic community-higher education partnerships
Build the case for the importance of community-higher education partnerships
Develop a case of actionable recommendations for maximizing the potential of community-higher education partnerships
Create a framework and next steps for developing an ongoing vehicle to increase the number and effectiveness of these partnerships, and ensure that communities are involved in the dialogues and decisions about these partnerships that affect them
Achieving the Promise of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: A Community Partner Summit
Participants:
23 experienced community partners from a diversity of communities across the U.S.
Purpose:
To advance authentic community-higher education partnerships by mobilizing anetwork of experienced community partners
Summit Agenda
What is the Current Reality of Community-Higher Education Partnerships?
-What’s Working/Not Working, and Why?
-What’s Holding Us Back? What is our Vision for the Future of Community-
Higher Education Partnerships? What Do We Mean By Authentic Partnerships? How Can Community-Higher Education
Partnerships More Fully Realize Their Potential? What are our “Big Ideas” and Recommendations? Where Do we Go From Here?
“We are here because we are passionate about these partnerships, but they are not working.”
-Ira SenGupta,
Cross Cultural Health Care Program, Seattle, WA
“Our experience has been that the university was there for the community, to share knowledge…we have had a long history of working together. We have built social capital through the work of our partnership.”
-Lola Sablan Santos,
Guam Communications Network, Long Beach, CA
What’s the reality of community-higher education partnerships?
The Current Reality of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: Part I
There is a “community engagement buzz” in higher education and funding circles
The predominant model is not a partnership; much of this is due to the fact that that the playing field is not level.
Community-higher education partnerships benefit a variety of stakeholder groups.
The relationship between community and campus partners is largely based on individuals and funding, and is not institutionalized.
There is often an assumption by academic institutions, funding agencies, and policymakers that community groups need the academy to have legitimate conversations and that academic knowledge has a greater value than community knowledge.
The Current Reality of Community-Higher Education Partnerships: Part II
Building community capacity through strong community-based organizations is not a major conversation or an explicit goal of many partnerships
Despite the challenges, there is good news for communities who are new to partnerships with colleges and universities. Communities are realizing their power to change the nature of their relationships with higher educational institutions.
There are significant differences between mature partnerships and early partnerships
What’s Working? Part I When community-based research partnerships are
structured in a manner that uses the funding and partnership to develop skills among community members, and build infrastructure
Partnerships that are developed and implemented in a way that is transparent, equitable, sustainable, and accountable to both the community and the academic partner.
When there is an ongoing two-way engagement process through community competency and cultural competency, as well as an understanding of the reality and context of an academic environment.
What’s Working? Part II
When research questions are developed and structured in a
way that is relevant to community.
When there is support from funding agencies that understand how equal partnerships are developed and sustained, and incorporates this understanding into their peer review and proposal evaluation process.
What’s Not Working?
No community engagement as proposal is developed Inequitable distribution of power and resources Decisions made behind closed doors Lack of partner commitment to community’s future No guidelines for funders and peer reviewers No planning for sustainability, no exit strategy Community lacks infrastructure to fully engage Presumption that communities speak with one voice Presumption that service-learning and CBPR are same
Framework for Authentic Partnerships
1) Quality Processes
2) Meaningful outcomes that are tangible and relevant to communities
3) Transformation at multiple levels: personal, community, institutional, systems of knowledge, political
Conclusions Part I - Community-higher education partnerships are:
Vehicles for social change A source of benefits for all partners
Varied in level of authenticity, but predominantly not authentic
Are usually not designed to equalize power differentials
Rarely equal between campus and community Rarely prioritize community capacity building Largely based on individuals and not
institutionalized
Conclusions Part II For the most part, communities do not
have the time, resources, or access to knowledge about engaging in partnerships on their own terms
However, communities are learning from each other and are asserting their desire to build capacity through peer mentoring, training programs, and partnership work (such as through community-based participatory research)
Recommendations
Community partners have the responsibility to share their collective wisdom and knowledge
Community involvement and capacity building is needed at the local, regional, and national levels
Both partners must familiarize themselves with the culture and daily realities of community-based organizations and academia
Both partners must work together to change the culture of higher education to elevate credibility for community experiences and expertise
Funding agencies need to reexamine funding priorities, processes, and decisions
Community partners should form a collective body to increase capacity through mentoring, networking, and advocacy
CPS Workgroups
Mentoring Workgroup - Purpose:
To develop and implement peer mentoring and leadership development activities that build the capacity of community partners to engage in authentic community-higher education partnerships, and succeed in their community-building work.
Policy Workgroup - Purpose:
1) To develop and advocate for policies that support authentic community-higher education partnerships, working in collaboration with existing national groups, community partners, funders, and academic allies.
2) To develop tools and strategies for advocating to community partners, academia, and funding agencies regarding policies that support authentic community-higher education partnerships.
Dissemination and Replication
Local, national, regional conferences among community, academia, and community health
practitioners
American Public Health Association annual meeting
Regional Community Partner Summit: Convened by the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2007
CPS Poster – can be borrowed from CCPH for your conference, event, or community partner meeting/training
CCPH Resources
Available at CCPH Website – www.ccph.info-CBPR resources-Community Partner Summit information-CBPR and Research Ethics call series handouts, audiofiles-Community-Engaged Scholarship resources-Partnership Matters Newsletter-Membership Benefits
Listservs:-CCPH E-News, CBPR – to subscribe, sign up on info
sheet being passed around, or visit: https://mailman.u.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/cbpr (CBPR listserv only)