Developing a Wood Waste Market in South Carolina South Carolina Biomass Council March 16, 2015.
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Transcript of Developing a Wood Waste Market in South Carolina South Carolina Biomass Council March 16, 2015.
Developing a Wood Waste Market in South Carolina
South Carolina Biomass CouncilMarch 16, 2015
Presentation
• Background• Findings• Proposal• Next steps
EDF plants
• Have Power Purchase Agreement with Santee Cooper – – Monetize tax credits– No wood purchasing experience– Wanted to test out options for renewables
• Woody biomass is able to ramp up and down (“turndown”), and is dispatchable
• Biomass-to-energy is not determined yet to be acceptable to EPA 111D options
EDF plants
• 2 identical plants – Allendale (Fairfax)
– Dorchester (Holly Hill/Harleyville)
• Each uses 18,000 tpm (216,000 tpy) of fuel wood
• Supply at Dorchester has been more difficult to get going – Reasons?
• SC Forestry Commission and studies said the wood supply was there.
Kress Theory on Fuel Wood
Paper mills developed a fuel wood market that is in balance with their need
– Bark, residues, etc are harvested only as much as needed to supply CHP needs of the nearby mills
– This is not the focus of a paper mill – Paper mill has developed relationships with their
pulp wood suppliers to also supply (premium?) fuel wood
– Their real concern is pulp wood
Kress Theory on Fuel Wood(cont’d)
There is an additional supply of fuel wood that can be developed when a demand appears
– Land clearing (contractor is paid to remove trees)– Leftovers from logging (have to be removed to replant)– Fire hazard wood– Thinnings (normal forest operations)– Tree trimming crews– Ice storm wood –was picked up and ground up.
In short -– Any wood that has some work (cost) already “contributed”
which makes it cost-effective to collect and deliver.
Wood products
http://www.forest2market.com/blog/dispelling-the-whole-tree-myth-how-a-harvested-tree-is-used
http://www.state.sc.us/forest/lecom.htm, modified
Best Use (Product) by Tree Diameter
Veneer – 16”+ Diam BH
Sawtimber – 14”+ DBH
Chip-n-saw – 10-13” DBH
Pulpwood chips – 6-9” DBH - must be clean of bark, “clean chips”
Fuel wood chips – 6” or less, bark, needles and small limbs allowed, “dirty” chips
Grindings – anything woody or leftover that can be ground
Fuel wood from waste products
Harris Report on Biomass (‘04)
• Logging residues 4.4 mil ton• Precommercial thinning 8.6 mil ton• Mill residues 1.6 mil ton• Urban wood waste 0.6 mil
ton• Commercial thinning 5.3 mil ton• Southern scrub oak 0.05 mil ton• Agricultural residues 1.1 mil ton
21.65 mil ton
Adams Report on Biomass (’07)
• Logging residues 4.5 mil tons• Mill residues 6.2 mil tons• Standing residuals 3.3 mil tons after harvest
• Urban wood waste 2.1 mil tons• Precommercial thinning 0.6 mil tons
16.7 mil tons
The supply will also respond to demand, either as elasticity with price or as “turning trash into cash”, as systems develop to aggregate wood waste.
The wood pellet (export) market can also utilize these same sources.
Findings
Ice storm in spring 2014 – 131,000 tons unable to use at EDF
• Small pieces of plastic from bags• Other fuel wood users could use –
– Hauled further away
• Some wood chips burned• A lot was landfilled• Permitting issue• Not good coordination between air
and solid waste since burning on ground was allowed.
Findings
• Charleston Co LF – Produces 5,500 – 6,000 tpm of mulch, of which they sell only a small amount. – Either picked up curb-side or dumped with tipping fee. – Estimate that 80% could be screened and supplied as fuel wood =
4,500 tpm.
• Charleston Co area – A supplier offered to obtain 5,000 tpm of pallet wood from manufacturers and grind, – incl Boeing and others as an extension of program to handle waste
streams. (Has previously done this for BMW, JCB (Savannah) and others, as Downstream Recycling).
• This equals 9,500 tpm or over half of what EDF plant uses. Would keep 114,000 tpy out of landfills.
What are the hurdles?
• Producing a product that DHEC accepts as fuel wood
• Harmonizing permitting between air and solid waste
• Defining harmless contaminants (EPA has done similar work around NHSM’s) (de minimus levels?)
• Receiving control of Urban wood waste vs. yard waste vs C&D clean wood
• Better market information and clearinghouse - suggestions for publicizing or listing buyers/sellers/prices?
In an efficient market, the fuel wood should go to the nearest user.
EPA’s related activity
3 Relevant Sections
1. Revised definitions • Clean Cellulosic Biomass – includes untreated wood pallets, wood
debris from urban areas, not intended to be exhaustive• Contaminants - changed “any contaminant that will result in
emissions”• Resinated Wood – changed to be more representative
2. Contaminant Legitimacy Criterion for NHSM Used as Fuels3. Categorical Non-Waste Determinations for Specific NHSM Used as Fuels
(e.g., resinated wood)
Proposal• Run pilot project with Bees Ferry/Chs Co Landfill with a team
(DHEC, RMDAP, Chas Co)– Grind urban wood waste with different set of screens– Screen out fines to use for mulch– “Qualify” the fuel wood as acceptable for use at all nearby fuel
wood users– Make recommendations for modifying receiving if needed– Harmonize definitions between air/solid waste to guide wording for
use in permitting applications– Develop best practices as model for other projects
• Could simultaneously run pilot project with C&D wood waste and/or pallet wood waste to establish procedures for producing an acceptable fuel wood product.
CoordinationOversight Team
David Langston EPA RCRA NHSM contact
Stacey Washington DHEC Solid Waste Mgmt
Patrick Brownson DHEC Solid Waste Mgmt
Veronica Barringer DHEC Air quality
Justin Koon DHEC Emergency preparedness and solid waste permitting
Heather Ceron EPA Air quality
Ronnie Grant Sonoco RMDAC Chair
Liz Kress SCBC/Santee Cooper
Renewable Energy
Chantal Fryer RMDAC Sr. Mgr RMDAC
Kapstone Duane MummertJeffrey Custer
EDF - Harleyville Ralph SmithBrewer Properties, LLC (Roseburg Forest Products )
Ellen Porter
Council Energy James Council
RockTenn
International Paper Derrick Dease
Simpson Lumber Shirley Collenton
Sonoco Ronnie Byrd
Lowcountry Biomass Rhett Harwell
Fuel Wood users for trials
Art Braswell Solid Waste Director
Harvey Gibson Landfill Superintendent
Robert Lawing Chas Co Engineer
Douglas Merritt Specialist - Peninsula Equipt.
Pilot Run – Site CoordinationLowe Sharpe SC Forestry
CommissionResponsible for urban forestry initiatives
Jay Bassett EPA Chief, Mat Mgmt Section - RCRA
Kent Coleman DHEC Dir - Solid Waste mgmt
Stakeholders /Observers (for information)
Proposal – other ideas
• Develop a map and database of all fuel wood users
• Develop map/database of potential supply (C&D landfills, residential wood waste to landfill)
• Establish a clearinghouse or bulletin board for wood waste supply/demand
• Work with state emergency procedure team for next time there is a Hugo or Ice Storm – – Get procedures right– Make users and their receiving rules known up front– Hold workshop? – Georgia has done this
Biomass /Fuel wood users
Benefits
• Reduce landfill volume• Improve revenues and net income to counties• Improve capture of waste wood for beneficial use
– less ugly piles, less dumping
• Avoided CO2
• Retain an option to generate electricity from SC fuel (energy independence)
• Supports and builds on our forestry industry• Increased jobs and income for SC